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singularity

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Singularity

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishsingularite, fromOld Frenchsingularité, fromLate Latinsingulāritās(“singleness”), fromLatinsingulāris(“single”).

Morphologicallysingular +‎-ity

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlæɹətɪ/
- Audio(Southern England): (file)

Noun

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singularity (countable anduncountable,pluralsingularities)

The state of beingsingular,distinct,peculiar,uncommon orunusual.
- 1718,Joseph Addison,Remarks on several parts of Italy, &c. in the years 1701, 1702, 1703‎^[1]:
  I took notice of this little figure for thesingularity of the instrument.
- a.1618,Sir Walter Raleigh,The Marrow of Historie, Or, an Epitome of All Historical Passages from the Creation, to the End of the Last Macedonian War‎^[2], published1650:
  Pliny addeth thisſingularity to the Indian ſoil, that it is without weeds, that the second year the very falling down of the seeds yieldeth corn.
- 1980 August 16, Michael Bronski, “Does Life Incriminate Art?”, inGay Community News, volume 8, number 5, page10:
  A sub-cultural style or artifact, when adopted by the mainstream, loses itssingularity. Once bell-bottoms became fashionable they were no longer a "gay style."
An unusualaction orbehaviour.
- 1834,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XI, inFrancesca Carrara. […], volume II, London:Richard Bentley, […], (successor toHenry Colburn),→OCLC,page115:
  "Do you know," said she to Guido one morning, when, after asking her to sing, the Englishman had left the room in the very middle of her song, "that I have taken a fancy into my head, which quite accounts for Mr. Arden'ssingularities: it is, that I am like some one whom he loved and lost in early youth; and though the loss is dreadful, the love is yet pleasant to remember."
A point where allparallel lines meet.
A point where a measured variable reaches unmeasurable or infinite value.
(mathematics) Thevalue orrange of values of afunction for which aderivative does notexist.
(physics)Ellipsis ofgravitational singularity: apoint orregion inspacetime in whichgravitationalforces causematter to have aninfinitedensity; associated withblack holes.
Synonym:spacetime singularity
- 1988,Stephen Hawking,A Brief History of Time, Bantam,→ISBN,page88:
  At thissingularity the laws of science and our ability to predict the future would break down. However, any observer who remained outside the black hole would not be affected by this failure of predictability, because neither light nor any other signal could reach him from thesingularity.
- 1992, Jean-Pierre Luminet,Black Holes, Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page135:
  Consequently the interior of a black hole is empty, with asingularity at the centre.
(sometimes capitalized)Ellipsis oftechnological singularity: a hypothetical turning point in the future, the culmination of ever-accelerating technological progress, when human history as we have known it ends, and a strange new era begins. For some writers, the catalyst is superhuman machine intelligence.
Synonyms:technological singularity,Kurzweil singularity,Singularity
- 1958, Stan Ulam, “Tribute to John von Neumann”, inBulletin of the American Mathematical Society:
  One conversation centered on the ever accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, which gives the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue.
- 1993, Vernor Vinge, “The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era”, inWhole Earth Review:
  Within thirty years, we will have the technological means to create superhuman intelligence. Shortly after, the human era will be ended. ... I think it's fair to call this event a singularity ("the Singularity" for the purposes of this paper).
- [2011 January 5, Rob Walker, “Cyberspace When You're Dead”, inThe New York Times‎^[3],→ISSN:
  [Vernor] Vinge was among those (along with, notably, Ray Kurzweil) to discuss the transformation of humans by technology, coming in a matter of decades, referred to as "thesingularity."]
- 2016 April 7, John Markoff, “When Is theSingularity? Probably Not in Your Lifetime”, inThe New York Times‎^[4],→ISSN:
  The notion of theSingularity is predicated on Moore's Law, the 1965 observation by the Intel co-founder Gordon Moore, that the number of transistors that can be etched onto a sliver of silicon doubles at roughly two year intervals.
(obsolete) Anythingsingular, rare, or curious.
- c.1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene iii],page302:
  Your Gallerie / Haue we paſs'd through, not without much content / In manyſingularities;
- 1938, Norman Lindsay,Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.:Ure Smith, published1962,→OCLC, page89:
  He was badgered in that witness-box for an hour. By a distracting repetition of cross-examination he was forced to confess that he had seen and spoken to a human biped in broad daylight, yet could not recollect onesingularity to distinguish this phantom from the flat mass of humanity.
(obsolete) Possession of a particular or exclusive privilege, prerogative, or distinction.
- 1594,Richard Hooker,Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie‎^[5], book 2:
  St. Gregory, being himself a Bishop of Rome, and writing against the title ofUniversal Bishop, saith thus, "None of all my predecessors ever consented to use this ungodly title; no bishop of Rome ever took upon him this name ofsingularity."
- 1659,Bishop John Pearson,An Exposition of the Creed‎^[6]:
  Catholicism[…] must be understood in opposition to the legalsingularity of the Jewish nation.
Celibacy,singleness (as contrasted with marriage).
- 1655, Jeremy Taylor,Eniautos: A Covrse of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year, page223:
  Marriage is the mother of the world, and preserves Kingdomes, and fils Cities, and Churches, and Heaven itself: Celibate, like the flie in the heart of an apple, dwels in a perpetuall sweetnesse, but sits alone, and is confin'd, and dies insingularity; but marriage, like the useful bee, builds a house and gathers sweetnesse from every flower, and labours and unites into Societies and Republicks, and sends out colonies, and feeds the world with delicacies, and obeys its king, and keeps order, and exercises many vertues, and promotes the interest of mankind, and is that state of good things to which God hath designed the present constitution of the world.
- 1995, Joseph Monti,Arguing About Sex: The Rhetoric of Christian Sexual Morality, page234:
  Gradually the implication of biblical monotheism created an entailment ofsingularity and monogamy in sexual relations.
- 1998, Judith A. Merkle,A Different Touch: A Study of Vows in Religious Life, Liturgical Press,→ISBN, page248:
  Chapter Twenty - Two Faces of Sexual Integration
  Comparisons between marriage and celibacy are dubious.[…] In this sense, marriage is the institution of sexual partnering whereas celibacy is an institution of sexualsingularity.
- 2015, Susan J. Pollard,Celibacy and Soul: Exploring the Depths of Chastity, Fisher King Press,→ISBN, page59:
  David emphasized that being singular in his relationship with God relies on real ties to the community, real friendships and a real work that sustains him. As I write, I am conscious of asingularity that I live and that is supported by close friends, family, clients and religious community. Genuine relationships are crucial and provide a supportive structure of interdependence.

Synonyms

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