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simplex

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Simplex

English

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WOTD – 18 April 2025

Etymology

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A set ofwalkie-talkies illustrates simplex(adjectiveadjective sense 3)wirelesscommunication. Only one user can talk at a time while the other user listens, as theradio signal can only carryinformation in onedirection.

Theadjective is alearned borrowing fromLatinsimplex(plain, simple; single).[1][2] The first part,sim-, comes fromProto-Indo-European*sem-,*sm̥-(one; together). The second part,-plex, may be from*pleḱ-(to weave).

Thenoun is derived from the adjective.[1][3] Theplural formssimplices andsimplicia are learned borrowings fromLatinsimplicēs (masculine orfeminine) andsimplicia (neuter), respectively plural forms ofsimplex.

Nounnoun sense 1 (“generalization of a triangle or tetrahedron to an arbitrary dimension”) was apparentlycoined by the Dutch mathematicianPieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1913) as a short version ofSimplicissimum inMehrdimensionale Geometrie (in German, 1902).[4] (In his pioneering works onalgebraic topology, the French mathematicianHenri Poincaré (1854–1912) had previously introduced the concept, but not the actual termsimplex.)[5]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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simplex (notcomparable)

  1. (dated) Having asinglestructure; notcomposite orcomplex;undivided,unitary.
    Synonyms:monoplex,uniplex
    Antonym:complex
  2. (anatomy, historical) Of aneye: (supposedly) havingpigment on only theposteriorsurface of theiris and not theanterior surface, and thusappearingblue; this was laterfound to beinaccurate, aseye colour is due to theamount of pigment in the anterior surface of the iris; also, of eyepigmentation:present only on the posterior surface of the iris; and of aperson: having eyes with thisform of pigmentation.
    Antonym:duplex
  3. (computing, telecommunications) Of acircuit ordevice:involvingsignals whichtravel inonedirection at atime;unidirectional.
    Antonyms:bidirectional,duplex
    Coordinate terms:full duplex,half-duplex,semiduplex
  4. (genetics)
    1. Of apolyploidorganism: having onedominantallele at agivenlocus on allhomologouschromosomes.
      Coordinate terms:duplex,nulliplex,triplex
    2. (archaic or obsolete)Synonym ofheterozygous(of an organism: havingtwodifferent alleles in a givengene).
  5. (linguistics) Of aword: having no (derivational)affixes;simple,monomorphemic,uncompounded.
    Antonym:polymorphemic
  6. (originally and chiefly US) Of anapartment (or, sometimes, anothertype ofproperty): having only onefloor orstorey; single-storey.
    Coordinate terms:duplex,triplex

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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having a single structure; not composite or complexseeundivided,‎unitary
of an eye: (supposedly) having pigment on only the posterior surface of the iris; of eye pigmentation: present only on the posterior surface of the iris; of a person: having eyes with this form of pigmentation
  • Bulgarian:please add this translation if you can
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
of a circuit or device: involving signals which travel in one direction at a timesee alsounidirectional
of a polyploid organism: having one dominant allele at a given locus on all homologous chromosomes
  • Bulgarian:please add this translation if you can
  • Finnish:simpleksinen
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
synonym of heterozygousseeheterozygous
of a word: having no affixes
of a property: having only one floor or storey

Noun

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simplex (pluralsimplexesor(algebraic topology, geometry, linguistics)simplicesorsimplicia)

Models of 0-dimensional to 3-dimensional simplexes(nounnoun sense 1).
Examples (algebraic topology, geometry)
  1. (algebraic topology, geometry) Ageneralization of atriangle ortetrahedron to anarbitrarydimension, the generalization being thesimplestpossibleconvexpolytope for agiven dimension; moreaccurately, theconvex hull ofn+1{\displaystyle n+1}affinely independentpoints inn{\displaystyle n}-dimensionalspace.
  2. (linguistics)
    1. Aword which is notcompound andcontains noderivationalaffixes (inflectional affixes are usuallydisregarded); amonomorphemic word.
      The wordweak is asimplex. Its derivativeweaken is not.
    2. (grammar, archaic)In fullsimplex sentence: intransformational grammar: asimplesentence which is theproduct of a fewtransformations; akernel sentence.
      • 1978, Helga Harries-Delisle, “Contrastive Emphasis and Cleft Sentences”, inJoseph H[arold] Greenberg, editor,Universals of Human Language, volume 4 (Syntax), Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press,→ISBN,page460:
        The question is: is 139.[“PriexalVanja. ‘arrived Vanya’”] asimplex or is it a cleft structure in which all 'superfluous' constituents were deleted.[] The only indication that 139. is asimplex is the sentence intonation and the absence of a break between the verb and the subject.
        A modified version of a paper published inWorking Papers on Language Universals (November 1973), number 12, pages 85–144.
  3. (originally and chiefly US) Anapartment (or, sometimes, anothertype ofproperty) having only onefloor orstorey; a single-storey property.
    Coordinate terms:duplex,triplex

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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generalization of a triangle or tetrahedron to an arbitrary dimension, the generalization being the simplest possible convex polytope for a given dimension
word which is not compound and contains no derivational affixes
in transformational grammar: a simple sentence which is the product of a few transformations
  • Bulgarian:please add this translation if you can
  • Finnish:simpleksinenvirke
  • Macedonian:please add this translation if you can
property having only one floor or storey

References

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  1. 1.01.1simplex,adj. andn.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, September 2024.
  2. ^simplex,adj.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^simplex,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  4. ^P[ieter] H[endrik] Schoute (1902), “Grundbegriffe [Basic Concepts]”, inMehrdimensionale Geometrie [Multidimensional Geometry] (Sammlung Schubert; XXXV) (in German), 1st part (Die linearen Räume[The Linear Spaces]), Leipzig, Saxony:G[eorg] J[oachim] Göschen’sche Verlagshandlung,→OCLC, paragraph 8,page10:Wir ziehen de namen ‚Simplicissimum‘ das viel kürzereSimplex vor und deuten das Simplex mitd+1{\displaystyle d+1} Eckpunkten mittels des SymbolesS(d+1){\displaystyle S(d+1)} an.We prefer the name ‘simplicissimum’ to the much shortersimplex and indicate the simplex withd+1{\displaystyle d+1} vertices using the symbolS(d+1){\displaystyle S(d+1)}.
  5. ^Edmund [Frederick] Robertson, John O’Connor (December2023), “SIMPLEX”, inMacTutor History of Mathematics Archive: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics[1], archived fromthe original on25 December 2023.

Further reading

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Latin

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Latin numbers(edit)
10[a],[b]
I
1
2  → [a],[b],[c]10  → [a],[b]
   Cardinal:ūnus
   Ordinal:prīmus
   Adverbial:semel
   Proportional:simplus
   Multiplier:simplex
   Distributive:singulus,prīvus
   Collective:ūniō
   Fractional:integer

Etymology

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Fromsem-(one; single-) +‎-plex(-fold). The first element (fromProto-Indo-European*sem-,*sm̥-) does not occur independently in Latin, but is also seen insemel(once) andsemper(always, forever). De Vaan reconstructsProto-Italic*sm̥-plak-s,[1] but also reconstructsProto-Italic*-plek-s.[2]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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simplex (genitivesimplicis,comparativesimplicior,superlativesimplicissimus,adverbsimpliciter);third-declension one-termination adjective

  1. single
  2. simple,plain,uncompounded
  3. pure,unmixed
  4. sincere,naive,frank,open, withoutguile,guileless,unsuspecting,innocent
    • 8CE,Ovid,Fasti2.225–226:
      male crēditis hostī:simplex nōbilitās, perfida tēla cave!
      You do wrong to trust the enemy:Guileless nobles, beware of treacherous weapons!

Declension

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Third-declension one-termination adjective.

singularplural
masc./fem.neutermasc./fem.neuter
nominativesimplexsimplicēssimplicia
genitivesimplicissimplicium
dativesimplicīsimplicibus
accusativesimplicemsimplexsimplicīs
simplicēs
simplicia
ablativesimplicī
simplice
simplicīsimplicibus
vocativesimplexsimplicēssimplicia

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-sem-, sim-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page553
  2. ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-plex”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page473

Further reading

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  • simplex”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • simplex”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "simplex", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • simplex”, inGaffiot, Félix (1934),Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchsimplex.

Noun

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simplex n (uncountable)

  1. simplex

Declension

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singular onlyindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativesimplexsimplexul
genitive-dativesimplexsimplexului
vocativesimplexule
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