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silent

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:SILENT

English

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Alternative forms

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scilent(hypercorrect, obsolete)

Etymology

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FromLatinsilēns(“silent”), presentparticiple ofsileō(“be silent”), fromProto-Indo-European*seyl-(“still, windless, quiet, slow”). Related to Gothic𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽(anasilan,“to cease, grow still, be silent”), Old Englishsālnes(“silence”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈsaɪlənt/
Rhymes:-aɪlənt
Audio(US): (file)

Adjective

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silent (comparativesilenterormoresilent,superlativesilentestormostsilent)

Free fromsound ornoise; absolutelystill; perfectlyquiet.
- c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene i]:
  Howsilent is this town!
- 1825,Samuel Johnson, Arthur Murphy,The Works of Samuel Johnson, Talboys and Wheeler, page 52:
  What was formerly performed by fleets and armies, by invasions, sieges, and battles, has been of late accomplished bymore silent methods.
- 1906, William Dean Howells, Sidney Dillon Ripley,Certain Delightful English Towns: With Glimpses of the Pleasant Country Between, Harper & Brothers, page152:
  The voice of the auctioneer is slow and low[…]; after a pause, which seems nosilenter than the rest of the transaction, he ceases to repeat the bids, and his fish, in the measure of a bushel or so, have gone for a matter of three shillings.
Notspeaking;indisposed totalk;speechless;mute;taciturn; notloquacious; nottalkative.
- 1725–1726,Homer, “(please specify the book or chapter of theOdyssey)”, in [William Broome,Elijah Fenton,Alexander Pope], transl.,The Odyssey of Homer. […], London: […] Bernard Lintot,→OCLC:
  Ulysses, adds he, was the most eloquent and mostsilent of men.
- 1667,John Milton, “Book IV”, inParadise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […];[a]nd by Robert Boulter […];[a]nd Matthias Walker, […],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC:
  This new-created world, whereof in hell / Fame is notsilent.
- 1960,John Updike,'Rabbit, Run', page38:
  Tothero issilent before replying. His great strength is in these silences; he has the disciplinarian's trick of waiting a long moment while his words gather weight.
Keeping atrest;inactive;calm;undisturbed.
- a.1718,Thomas Parnell,Hesiod; or, the Rise of Woman:
  The winds weresilent, all the waves asleep, / And heaven was trac'd upon the flattering deep
(pronunciation) Notpronounced; having no sound;quiescent.
Thee issilent infable.
Silent letters can make some words difficult to spell.
Thel in the English wordsalmon issilent.
Having no effect; notoperating;inefficient.
- 1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e.,Walter Raleigh],The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby forWalter Burre, […],→OCLC,(please specify |book=1 to 5):
  Cause[…]silent, virtueless, and dead.
(technology) With the sound turned off; usuallyon silent or insilent mode.
My phone wason silent.
(technology) Without audio capability.
TheMagnavox Odyssey was asilent console.
Hidden,unseen.
asilent voter; asilent partner
Of an edit or change to a text, not explicitly acknowledged.
silent revisions; asilent emendation
- 2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination ofHobson-Jobson”, inInternational Journal of Lexicography, volume31, number 4,→DOI, page496:
  [T]he use of both acknowledged and unacknowledged (silent) translations of non-English sources makes it difficult for users to determine if a certain term genuinely appeared in an English-language text.
(genetics) Not implying significant modifications which would affect a peptide sequence.
Undiagnosed or undetected because of an absence of symptoms.
Ofdistilled spirit: having no flavour or odour.

Synonyms

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(free from sound or noise):quiet; see alsoThesaurus:silent
(not speaking; indisposed to talk):speechless,taciturn; see alsoThesaurus:taciturn
(not speaking; mute):dumb,mute; see alsoThesaurus:mute
(keeping at rest):dormant,still; see alsoThesaurus:inactive
(not pronounced):mute,quiescent,servile
(hidden; unseen):concealed,invisible,occluded; see alsoThesaurus:hidden

free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet

Abkhaz:аҭынч(atənč)
Arabic:صَامِت(ṣāmit),سَاكِت(sākit)
Egyptian Arabic:ساكت m(saket),ساكتة f(sakta)
Armenian:խաղաղ (hy)(xaġaġ),հանգիստ (hy)(hangist),հանդարտ (hy)(handart)
Asturian:silenciosu
Belarusian:ці́хі (be) m(cíxi),(verb "to be silent")маўча́ць impf(mawčácʹ)
Bengali:খামোশ (bn)(khamōś)
Bulgarian:тих (bg)(tih),безшумен (bg)(bezšumen)
Burmese:တိတ် (my)(tit)
Catalan:silenciós (ca) m,callar (ca)(verb "to be silent")
Chinese:
Cantonese:安靜 /安静(on¹ zing⁶),恬靜 /恬静(tim⁴ zing⁶, tim⁵ zing⁶),靜 /静(zing⁶)
Hakka:安靜 /安静(ôn-chhin),恬靜 /恬静(tiâm-chhin),恬(tiâm),恬恬(tiâm-tiâm)
Hokkien:安靜 /安静 (zh-min-nan)(an-chēng),恬恬 (zh-min-nan)(tiām-tiām),恬靜 /恬静 (zh-min-nan)(tiām-chēng),恬 (zh-min-nan)(tiām)
Mandarin:安靜 /安静 (zh)(ānjìng),恬靜 /恬静 (zh)(tiánjìng)
Czech:tichý (cs),mlčet (cs)(verb "to be silent")
Danish:tyst
Dutch:stil (nl)
Esperanto:kvieta (eo)
Finnish:hiljainen (fi),äänetön (fi)
French:silencieux (fr) m,(verb "to be silent")se taire (fr)
Georgian:ჩუმი(čumi)
German:still (de),(verb "to be silent")schweigen (de)
Greek:αθόρυβος (el)(athóryvos)
Ancient:ἤρεμος(ḗremos),ἀκέων(akéōn)
Hindi:चुप (hi)(cup),ख़ामोश(xāmoś)
Hungarian:csendes (hu),hangtalan (hu),zajtalan (hu)
Icelandic:hljóður (is) m
Ingrian:hiljain,äänetöin
Irish:i dothost,tostach
Italian:silenzioso (it)
Japanese:静かな(shizuka na),無音の(muon no)
Karachay-Balkar:тынч(tınç)
Khmer:ស្ងៀម (km)(sngiəm),ស្ងាត់ (km)(sngat)
Korean:조용하다 (ko)(joyonghada)
Kyrgyz:унчукпоо (ky)(uncukpoo)
Lao:ມິດ(mit),ນິ້ງ(ning),ສງັດ(sa ngat)
Latgalian:kluss m,trāps
Latin:silens (la),tacitus
Latvian:kluss m
Macedonian:тих(tih),молчи impf(molči)(verb "to be silent"),ќу́ти impf(ḱúti)(verb "to be silent)
Maltese:sieket m,siekta f
Maori:mōhū
Mongolian:номхон (mn)(nomxon)
Norman:silencieux
Northern Sami:jaskat
Norwegian:
Bokmål:lydløs
Occitan:silenciós (oc) m
Old English:swīġe,swīgian(verb "to be silent")
Old Saxon:swigon(verb "to be silent")
Ottoman Turkish:صوص(sus),خاموش(hamuş)
Persian:خاموش (fa)(xâmuš),بی‌صدا(bi-sedâ),آرام (fa)(ârâm)
Plautdietsch:stell
Polish:cichy (pl),bezszelestny (pl)
Portuguese:silencioso (pt)
Quechua:upalla
Romanian:liniștit (ro)
Russian:ти́хий (ru)(tíxij),молча́ть (ru) impf(molčátʹ)(verb "to be silent")
Serbo-Croatian:tih (sh) m
Cyrillic:му́чати impf(verb "to be silent"),тих
Roman:múčati (sh) impf(verb "to be silent"),tih (sh)
Slovak:tichý,mlčať (sk) impf(verb "to be silent")
Slovene:tih (sl),molčati (sl) impf(verb "to be silent")
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian:mjelcaś impf(verb "to be silent")
Southern Altai:унчукпа-(unčukpa-)
Spanish:silencioso (es),callar (es)(verb "to be silent")
Swedish:tyst (sv)
Tagalog:tahimik
Thai:เงียบ (th)(ngîiap),นิ่ง (th)(nîng),สงัด (th)(sà-ngàt)
Turkish:sessiz (tr)
Ukrainian:ти́хий(týxyj),мовча́ти impf(movčáty)(verb "to be silent")
Vietnamese:yên lặng (vi)
Volapük:stilik (vo)
Welsh:(verb "to be silent")tewi (cy)
Yiddish:שטום(shtum)
Zazaki:béveng

not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn

Armenian:լուռ (hy)(luṙ)
Bulgarian:безмълвен (bg)(bezmǎlven)
Cherokee:ᎡᏝᏪᎢ(etlawei)
Chinese:
Cantonese:沉默(cam⁴ mak⁶),緘默 /缄默(gaam¹ mak⁶, zin¹ mak⁶)
Mandarin:沉默 (zh)(chénmò),緘默 /缄默 (zh)(jiānmò)
Dutch:zwijgend (nl),zwijgzaam (nl)
Esperanto:silenta,muta (eo)
Finnish:hiljainen (fi),vaitelias (fi)
French:silencieux (fr) m,muet (fr)
Georgian:ჩუმი(čumi)
German:schweigsam (de)
Greek:
Ancient:σιγηρός(sigērós)
Hindi:चुप (hi)(cup)
Hungarian:csendes (hu),hallgatag (hu),szótlan (hu)
Irish:i dothost,tostach
Italian:muto (it),silenzioso (it)
Japanese:黙っている (ja)(damatte iru),無言の(mugon no)
Latin:tacitus
Maori:mōhū,karangatā(remaining quiet when called),whakakeke
Norman:silencieux
Ottoman Turkish:خاموش(hamuş)
Persian:خاموش (fa)(xâmuš),ساکت (fa)(sâket),لال (fa)(lâl)
Portuguese:silencioso (pt),quieto (pt)
Romanian:tăcut (ro)
Russian:молчали́вый (ru)(molčalívyj),безмо́лвный (ru)(bezmólvnyj)
Swedish:tystlåten (sv)
Turkish:dilsiz (tr),lal (tr)
Vietnamese:lặng lẽ (vi),câm lặng
Yiddish:שטום(shtum)
Zazaki:sukut

keeping at rest; inactive; calm; undisturbed

Armenian:խաղաղ (hy)(xaġaġ),հանդարտ (hy)(handart)
Finnish:tyyni (fi)
German:still (de)
Italian:silente (it),tranquillo (it)
Khiamniungan Naga:tànglō
Latin:tranquilis
Northern Sami:hiljit
Persian:آرام (fa)(ârâm)
Turkish:sakin (tr)

not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent

Bulgarian:непроизносим(neproiznosim)
Finnish:hiljainen (fi)
French:muet (fr) m
German:stumm (de)
Greek:αθόρυβος (el)(athóryvos)
Hungarian:néma (hu)
Norwegian:stum (no)
Persian:خاموش (fa)(xâmuš)
Polish:bezdźwięczny (pl)
Portuguese:silencioso (pt)
Romanian:silențios (ro)
Russian:непроизноси́мый (ru)(neproiznosímyj),немо́й (ru)(nemój)
Swedish:stum (sv)
Turkish:sessiz (tr)
Zazaki:isız

having no effect; not operating; inefficient

Finnish:äänetön (fi),tehoton
Persian:ناکار (fa)(nâkâr)
Turkish:etkisiz (tr)

in silent mode, on silent, with the sound turned off

Bulgarian:заглушен (bg)(zaglušen)
Finnish:äänetön (fi),äänettömällä,äänettömälle
German:lautlos (de),leise (de),stumm (de)
Polish:bezdźwięczny (pl)
Russian:беззву́чный (ru)(bezzvúčnyj)

without audio capability

Bulgarian:ням (bg)(njam)
Finnish:hiljainen (fi)
Italian:muto (it),silenzioso (it)
Persian:لال (fa)(lâl),گنگ (fa)(gong)
Portuguese:mudo (pt)
Zazaki:lal (diq)

hidden, unseen

Finnish:hiljainen (fi)
Turkish:sessiz (tr),sakin (figuratively)

not implying significant modifications which would affect a peptide sequence

Finnish:hiljainen (fi)
French:silencieux (fr)
Italian:silenzioso (it)
Portuguese:silencioso (pt)
Spanish:silencioso (es)
Zazaki:bévengey

undiagnosed or undetected because of an absence of symptoms

Bulgarian:безсимптомен(bezsimptomen)
Finnish:piilevä (fi)
French:silencieux (fr)
Italian:silenzioso (it)
Portuguese:silencioso (pt)
Spanish:silencioso (es)

to refrain from speaking—seebe silent

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Greek:^{(pleaseverify)}σιωπηλός (el)(siopilós)
Spanish:^{(pleaseverify)}silencioso (es),^{(pleaseverify)}callado (es)

Noun

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silent (pluralsilents)

(uncountable) That which issilent; a time ofsilence.
- 1591 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene iv]:
  Deep night, dark night, thesilent of the night.
A silentmovie
- 1978 April 22, “The Celluloid Closet”, inGay Community News, page 2:
  More than 40 films will be shown spanning the past seventy-five years, including earlysilents and talkies, contemporary productions, foreign and American films, documentaries, underground works and television shows.