^Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “si”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page395
^Forschungen, Stefan; Matzinger, Joachim (2013),Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen;33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz,→ISBN, page225
The formseng/sing is used for the neuter when strongly stressed:Dat essing Jlas!(“That'shis glass!”) Contrariwise, the formsi may be used for the masculine and feminine when unstressed, chiefly with words for relatives:si Papp (“his father”, but less common thansenge Papp).
The reflexive pronounsi is only used to refer to the third person (In English:he/she/it/they) not the first or second person (In English:I/we/you). When the subject of a sentence is first or second person, the same pronoun is repeated (with the accusative ending-n added if needed) instead of usingsi. (E.g. "they washthemselves" isili lavassin, but "I washmyself" ismi lavasmin, instead of *mi lavas sin.)
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
Isi “a patria do homi é sua lengua”, cumu idía Albert Camus, o que está claru é que a lengua está mui por encima de fronteiras, serras, rius i maris, de situaciós pulíticas i sociu-económicas, de lazus religiosus e inclusu familiaris.
Andif “a man’s homeland is his language”, as Albert Camus said, what is clear is that language is above borders, mountain ranges, rivers and seas, above political and socio-economic situations, of religious and even family ties.
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu isi hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, Fala is yet another treasure among them.
However talkative he may be, he doesn't say anything stupid.
2017, Luc Brisson,Platon:
Mais un législateur qui aurait un tant soit peu de worth,si infime soit elle, quand bien même il n'en irait pas comme l'argument vient de le démontrer, n'aurait-il pas commis en cette occasion, plus qu'en n'importe quelle autre circonstance où il aurait eu l'audace de mentir aux jeunes gens dans l'intérêt du bien, son plus utile mensonge, celui capable de faire que tous, non pas de force mais de leur plein gré, se conduisent de façon entièrement juste ?
But a legislator who would have the slightest bit of valour,however tiny it may be, even if it were not as the argument has just demonstrated, would he not have committed on this occasion, more than in any other circumstance where he would have had the audacity to lie to young people in the interest of the good, his most useful lie, the one capable of making everyone, not by force but of their own accord, behave in an entirely just fashion?
Conklin, Harold C. (1953),Hanunóo-English Vocabulary (University of California Publications in Linguistics), volume 9, London, England: University of California Press,→OCLC,page244
Bill Palmer,The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95,Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages
Whensi is part of an infinitive, it can be placed before it as a separate word, but more often it is attached to the end. In this case, the final -e of the infinitive is dropped, or, in the case of infinitives ending in -rre, the final -re is dropped. Examples:amar(e) +si =amarsi;ridur(re) +si =ridursi.
Often translated using the passive voice in English when used as indefinite personal pronoun:
Si dice che[…] ―It is said that[…]
Verb +si is often translated asbecome orget + [past participle] in English.
In cases wheresi(indefinite pronoun) andsi(reflexive pronoun) follow each other, the firstsi is replaced withci:
Ci si lava. ―One washes oneself.
(instead of:*Si si lava.)
Becomesse when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
6
Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
7
Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).
8
Traditional grammars still indicate the formsegli (animate),ello /ella (animate),esso /essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliqueslui,lei,loro.
9
Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
10
Used after verbs.
11
Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dativeloro /Loro), others enclitically (-mi,-ti, etc.).
12
Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs, in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come,quanto, etc.); also used witha to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
↑1.01.11.2“si”, inTrezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola [Treasury of the Judeo-Spanish Language] (in Ladino, Hebrew, and English), Instituto Maale Adumim
FromProto-Italic*sei(“so, thus”) used inparataxis, likely via the meaning "in this" as the locative singular ofProto-Indo-European*só(“this, that”); this older meaning is preserved inLatinsīc as well as in the oathsī dīs placet, cf. Englishso help me God. Related to Old Englishsē(“he, that”).
si inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
si inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"si", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
si inRichard Stillwell et al., editor (1976),The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995),New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press,→ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sī, sīc”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page561
The feminine singular is used chiefly with feminine words for things. Female persons are predominantly treated as grammatically neuter, though the feminine is not impossible. Seehatt for more.
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Acronym ofLatinSancteIoannes, the phrase ending the hymnUt queant laxis from earlier words of which the other notes ofsolfège were derived. A younger alteration,ti, allows for every note of the solfège to begin with a different letter.
“SI”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],(Can wedate this quote?)
Sense 2 is limited to most Croatian dialects and the Torlakian/Prizren-Timok dialect. The Serbian and Bosnian standards discourage the usage ofsi as an empathic clitic and instead rely purely on sentence intonation.
“si”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2026
2025 July 4, Allison Morrow, “Por qué la Cybertruck de Tesla ha sido un fracaso total”, inCNN en Español[10]:
Se podría estimar, entonces, que Tesla probablemente vendió entre 5.000 y 6.000 Cybertrucks en el segundo trimestresi las tendencias de consumo se mantuvieron estables.
It could be estimated, then, that Tesla probably sold between 5,000 and 6,000 Cybertrucks in the second quarterif consumer trends remained stable.
(often afterpero)points out a contradiction (and often implies that it's obvious or that it's easy to find out about)
¿¡(Pero) a dónde va este!? ¡Si la carretera está cerrada!
Where's this guy going!? The road is closed! (therefore he can't drive there)
"¿Cómo fue el concierto?" "(Pero)si es mañana..."
"How was the concert?" "It's tomorrow... (How was I supposed to be there if it's tomorrow?)"
"Voy a salir." "¡Perosi estás malo! ¿¡Cómo vas a salir!?" (can be rephrased as "¿¡Cómo vas a salir si estás malo!?", which uses sense 1)
"I'm going out now." "But you're sick! What do you mean, you're going out!?"
1975, “Basya Adyuku koni”, in Ursy M. Lichtveld,Jan Voorhoeve, editors,Creole drum. An Anthology of Creole Literature in Surinam[11], New Haven, London: Yale University Press,→ISBN, page86:
A krabdagu taki: - Angri e kiri mi ba. A di misi yu e nyan, ne mi kon.
The crab-eating raccoon said: 'I'm starving, brother. When Isaw that you're eating, I came over immediately.
Ini mi dren mi bensi / fa Srananman ben makandra / Ala buba ben kon na wan / Ke Masra, mi winsi a ben de tru
In my dream, Isaw / how the Surinamese were getting along / All races had united / Oh Lord, I wish it were true
1991, Ronald L. Pinas,Sranan kloroeboekoe [Surinamese colouring book][13], Paramaribo: Instituut voor Taalwetenschap (SIL), page58:
Nanka nanga Joeria gwe go onti ini a boesi. Den wani njan legwana meti tide. Densi wan kapelka, wan loiri nanga wan toekanfowroe. Joe kan jepi den foe feni wan legwana?
[Nanka nanga Yuria gwe go onti ini a busi. Den wani nyan legwanameti tide. Densi wan kapelka, wan loiri nanga wan tukanfowru. Yu kan yepi den fu feni wan legwana?]
Nanka and Yuria left to go hunting in the jungle. They want to eat iguana meat today. Theysee a butterfly, a sloth, and a toucan. Can you help them to find an iguana?
D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “si”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “si”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Sì is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for whichàti is used. Additionally, whensì is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.
Mo jó, mo kọ́ ẹ̀kọ́, mosì kọ lẹ́tà. –I danced, studied, and wrote a letter.
Wọn kò fẹ́ ṣiṣẹ́, wọn kòsì fẹ́ ṣeré. –They don't want to work or play.
