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shorten

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Shorten

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishshortnen,schortenen, equivalent toshort +‎-en(verbal suffix). In some senses, a continuation (in altered form) ofMiddle Englishschorten(“to make short, shorten”), fromOld Englishsċortian(“to become short”), fromProto-Germanic*skurtōną(“to shorten”).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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shorten (third-person singular simple presentshortens,present participleshortening,simple past and past participleshortened)

  1. (transitive) To makeshorter; toabbreviate.
  2. (intransitive) To become shorter.
  3. (transitive) To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of).
    • 1697,Virgil, “Aeneis”, inJohn Dryden, transl.,The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […],→OCLC:
      Spoiled of his nose, andshorten'd of his ears.
  4. (transitive) To makeshort orfriable, aspastry, withbutter,lard, etc.
  5. (transitive) Toreduce ordiminish in amount, quantity, or extent; tolessen.
    toshorten an allowance of food
    • 1699,John Dryden,Dedication to His Grace the Duke of Ormond:
      Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I amshortened by my chain.
    • 1858, George Borrow,The Romany Rye, volume 2, page128:
      My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang ofshorters, and sometimesshortened money,[…]
  6. (baking, of pastries, transitive) To makecrumbly.
    • 1894, Helen M. Laughlin,The Journal of Agriculture Cook Book, Journal of Agriculture Co., page212:
      Corn flour makes delicious pie crust, and needs less lard toshorten it.
  7. (nautical, transitive) To take in theslack of (a rope).
  8. (nautical, transitive) To reduce (sail) by taking it in.
  9. (transitive, dated) to dress (a baby) in a short (rather than long) gown

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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to make shorter
to become shorter

Anagrams

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