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short

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Shortandshórt

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishschort,short, fromOld Englishsċeort,sċort(short), fromProto-West Germanic*skurt, fromProto-Germanic*skurtaz(short), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)ker-.Doublet ofcurt.

Cognates

Cognate withshirt,skirt,curt,Scotsshort,schort(short),Frenchcourt,Dutchkort,Germankurz,Old High Germanscurz(short) (whenceMiddle High Germanschurz),Old Norseskorta(to lack) (whenceDanishskorte),Albanianshkurt(short, brief),Latincurtus(shortened, incomplete) andProto-Slavic*kortъkъ.Doublet ofcurt. More atshirt.

Pronunciation

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(with thehorse-hoarse merger)enPR:shôrt
(without thehorsehoarse merger)

Adjective

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short (comparativeshorter,superlativeshortest)

  1. Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, eitherhorizontally orvertically.
  2. (of a person) Of comparatively smallheight.
    • 2022 September 22, HarryBlank, “Mind Over Matter”, inSCP Foundation[1], archived fromthe original on23 May 2024:
      Nhung Ngo had theshortest legs at Site-43. She was theshortest member of staff, two inches beneath the positively elfin Delfina Ibanez, and yet Lillian found her inexplicably difficult to shake. Power-walking down the halls didn't do the trick, as it always did when Wettle-dodging, since the diminutive headshrink kept disappearing into commissaries or service corridors or even other people's offices and emerging, smiling, in front of her.
  3. Having littleduration.
    Antonym:long
    Our meeting was ashort six minutes today. Every day for the past month it’s been at least twenty minutes long.
    • 1980, Alvin Toffler,The Third Wave, page230:
      The results of this generalized speedup of the corporate metabolism are multiple:shorter product life cycles, more leasing and renting, more frequent buying and selling, more ephemeral consumption patterns,[]
    • 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, inAmerican Scientist[2], volume100, number 2, archived fromthe original on19 February 2013, page172:
      Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers andshort above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.
    • 2025 January 23, Kristen Rogers, “People with ADHD have shorter life expectancy and higher risk of mental health issues, study finds”, inCNN[3]:
      Having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is associated with ashorter life expectancy and a greater risk of mental health issues, according to a new study of more than 30,000 people with the disorder in the United Kingdom.
  4. (followed byfor) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).
    "Phone" isshort for "telephone" and "asap"short for "as soon as possible".
  5. (cricket, of afielder or fieldingposition) that is relativelyclose to thebatsman.
  6. (cricket, of a ball) bowled so that it bounces relatively far from the batsman.
  7. (golf, of an approach shot or putt) that falls short of the green or the hole.
  8. (gambling) Of bettingodds, offering a small return for the money wagered.
  9. (baking, of pastries; metallurgy)Brittle,crumbly.(Seeshortbread,shortcake,shortcrust,shortening,hot short,cold-short.)
    • 2013, Heston Blumenthal,Historic Heston,→ISBN, page122:
      I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that ashort pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)
  10. Abrupt;brief;pointed;petulant;curt.
    He gave ashort answer to the question.
    • 1870 April–September, Charles Dickens,The Mystery of Edwin Drood, London:Chapman and Hall, [], published1870,→OCLC:
      “We areshort to-night!” cries the woman, with a propitiatory laugh. “Short and snappish we are![]
    • 2014,Charles E. Schwarz,Murder at the Table of Fools:
      The reason I was a tadshort with Start, Leeper and Burnsome was my fear they, with their education, experience and degrees, would see what I had denied for all these years [].
  11. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.
    ashort supply of provisions
  12. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.
    to beshort of money
    I'd lend you the cash but I'm a littleshort at present.
    The cashier came upshort ten dollars on his morning shift.
  13. Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.
    an account which isshort of the truth
    • 1829,Walter Savage Landor, “The Emperor Alexander and Capo D'Istria”, inImaginary Conversations, volume IV:
      []the people are worn down with taxes, and hardly anythingshort of an invasion could rouse them again to war.
  14. (colloquial)Undiluted;neat.
    • 1846 October 1 –1848 April 1,Charles Dickens,Dombey and Son, London:Bradbury and Evans, [], published1848,→OCLC:
      “There ain’t no drain of nothingshort handy, is there?” said the Chicken, generally. “This here sluicing night is hard lines to a man as lives on his condition.”
      Captain Cuttle proffered a glass of rum[]
    • 2003, Linda Chaikin,Desert Rose:
      Delance raised his beer and watched Hoadly throw down another swig of hard stuff. "Take itshort if you want to make it over the mountain tonight."
  15. (obsolete) Not distant in time; near at hand.
  16. (finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.
    Coordinate term:long
    short position
    I'mshort in General Motors because I think their sales are plunging.
  17. (by extension) Doubtful of, skeptical of.
  18. (finance, dated) Ofmoney: given in the fewest possible notes, i.e. those of the largestdenomination.
    Antonym:long
    • 1909, James Blyth,The member for Easterby, page296:
      He pulled a cheque-book from his pocket, and drew for two hundred thousand pounds. “I'll take itshort,” he said[]

Usage notes

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  • (having a small distance between ends or edges):Short is often used in the positivevertical dimension and used as isshallow in the negative vertical dimension; in the horizontal dimensionnarrow is more commonly used.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) ofhaving a small distance between ends or edges):tall,high,wide,broad,deep,long
  • (antonym(s) ofof a person, of comparatively little height):tall
  • (antonym(s) ofhaving little duration):long
  • (antonym(s) ofcricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman):long
  • (antonym(s) offinancial position expecting falling value):long

Translations

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having a small distance between ends or edges
of a person, of comparatively small height
having little duration
constituting an abbreviation or shortened form
cricket: relatively close to the batsman
cricket: bouncing relatively far from the batsman
golf: falling short of the green or the hole
of pastries: brittle, crumbly
abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant
limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty
insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking
deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard
undiluted; neat
not distant in time; near at hand
being in a financial investment position to profit of falling prices
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

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short (notcomparable)

  1. Abruptly,curtly,briefly.
    They had to stopshort to avoid hitting the dog in the street.
    He cut meshort repeatedly in the meeting.
    The boss got a message and cut the meetingshort.
  2. Unawares.
    The recent developments at work caught themshort.
  3. Without achieving agoal orrequirement.
    His speech fellshort of what was expected.
  4. (cricket, of the manner of bounce of acricket ball) Relativelyfar from thebatsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite offull.
  5. (finance) With anegativeownership position.
    We wentshort most finance companies in July.

Translations

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abruptly, briefly
unawaressee alsounawares
without achieving a goal or requirement
cricket: bouncing relatively far from the batsman
finance: with a negative ownership position
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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short (pluralshorts)

  1. Ashort circuit.
    The circuit breaker keeps tripping because there's ashort in the wiring.
  2. Ashort film.
    • 2012 July 12, Sam Adams, AV Club,Ice Age: Continental Drift[4]:
      Preceded by a Simpsonsshort shot in 3-D—perhaps the only thing more superfluous than a fourth Ice Age movie—Ice Age: Continental Drift finds a retinue of vaguely contemporaneous animals coping with life in the post-Pangaea age.
    1. A short-formvertical video.
      1. AYouTube video that is less than one minute long.
  3. A short version of agarment in a particularsize.
    38short suits fit me right off the rack.
    Do you have that size in ashort?
  4. (baseball) Ashortstop.
    Jones smashes a grounder between third andshort.
  5. (finance) Ashort seller.
    The market decline was terrible, but theshorts were buying champagne.
  6. (finance) Ashort sale orshort position.
    He closed out hisshort at a modest loss after three months.
  7. A summary account.
  8. (phonetics) A shortsound,syllable, orvowel.
    • 1877, Henry Sweet,A Handbook of Phonetics, page18:
      If we compare the nearest conventionalshorts and longs in English, as in ‘bit’ and ‘beat’, ‘not’ and ‘naught’, we find that the short vowels are generally wide (i,ɔ), the long narrow (i, ɔ), besides being generally diphthongic as well.
  9. (programming) Anintegervariable having a smallerrange than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
  10. (US, slang) Anautomobile;especially incrack shorts(to break into automobiles).
    • 1975, Mary Sanches, Ben G. Blount,Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use, page47:
      For example, one addict would crackshorts (break and enter cars) and usually obtain just enough stolen goods to buy stuff and get off just before getting sick.
    • 1982, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice,Career Criminal Life Sentence Act of 1981: Hearings, page87:
      [] list of all crimes reported by these 61 daily criminals during their years on the street is: theft (this includes shoplifting; "crackingshorts", burglary and other forms of stealing), dealing, forgery, gambling, confidence games (flim-flam, etc.)[]

Descendants

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Translations

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short circuitseeshort circuit
short filmseeshort film
short version of a garment in a particular size
baseball: shortstopseeshortstop
finance: short sellerseeshort seller
finance: short saleseeshort selling
summary account
phonetics: short sound, syllable, or vowel
programming: type of integer variable

See also

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Verb

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short (third-person singular simple presentshorts,present participleshorting,simple past and past participleshorted)

  1. (transitive) To cause ashort circuit in (something).
    You shouldshort the poles of the capacitor to discharge it before you work on it.
  2. (intransitive, of anelectricalcircuit) Toshort circuit.
  3. (transitive, informal) Toprovide with anamountsmaller than thatagreed orlabeled; toshortchange.
    This is the third time I've caught themshorting us.
    • 1991 August 24, Maridee BonaDea, quoting Brian Freeman, “Pomo Afro Homos On The Road”, inGay Community News, volume19, number 6, page 9:
      It's hard now. The NEA, state and city budgets are messed up and it's the small artists like us that are the ones gettingshorted.
  4. (transitive, business) To sell something, especiallysecurities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; tosell short.
  5. (obsolete) Toshorten.

Descendants

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Translations

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transitive: to cause a short circuit
intransitive: to short circuit
shortchangeseeshortchange
to provide with smaller than agreed quantity
business: to sell something one does not own at the moment

Preposition

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short

  1. Deficient in.
    We areshort a few men on the second shift.
    He'sshort common sense.
  2. (finance) Having anegativeposition in.
    I don’t want to beshort the market going into the weekend.

Synonyms

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Translations

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deficient in
finance: having a negative position in

Derived terms

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Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, noun, verb, or prepositionshort

Anagrams

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Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatinsors, sortem.[1]

Noun

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short m (pluralshórte, definiteshórti, definite pluralshórtet)(uncountable)

  1. drawing (action where the outcome is selected by chance using a draw)
  2. (originally southern Gheg, Tirana)sweepstakes,lot,portion
  3. (in theplural)stake,share,inheritance
    Synonym:hise
  4. (figurative)luck
    Synonym:fat
  5. (figurative)spouse,consort
    Synonyms:bashkëshort,burrë,grua
  6. (archaic)fortune-telling

Declension

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Declension ofshort
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeshortshortishorteshortet
accusativeshortin
dativeshortishortitshorteveshorteve
ablativeshortesh

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “short”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page426

Further reading

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  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[6],1980
  • short”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
  • Mann,S. E. (1948), “short”, inAn Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page488

Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishshort, in the sense of a short circuit. Cognate with TaiwaneseHokkien秀逗.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sot1 - Hong Kong;
  • sok1 - Guangzhou.

    Adjective

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    short

    1. (Cantonese)insane;crazy
      short short[Cantonese]  ― sot1 sot1 dei6-2[Jyutping]  ―  a bit crazy

    Synonyms

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    Dialectal synonyms of (“mad; crazy; insane”)[map]
    VarietyLocationWords
    Classical Chinese,,
    Formal(Written Standard Chinese),,瘋癲,瘋狂
    Northeastern MandarinBeijing,有毛病
    Taiwan,神經病
    Singapore神經病,有毛病
    Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)
    Central Plains MandarinLuoyang
    Xi'an
    Lanyin MandarinÜrümqi
    Southwestern MandarinWuhan八面威,八面
    Guiyang
    Liuzhou
    Jianghuai MandarinYangzhou
    CantoneseGuangzhou,黐線,黐筋,黐孖筋,short
    Hong Kong,黐線,黐筋,黐孖筋,黐膠花,short,黐總掣,黐大掣
    Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu),黐線
    Penang(Guangfu),黐線
    Singapore(Guangfu),黐線
    GanNanchang
    HakkaMeixian
    Eastern MinFuzhou,癲脬
    Southern MinXiamen
    Quanzhou
    Yongchun
    Zhangzhou,
    Zhao'an
    Tainan
    Penang(Hokkien)
    Singapore(Hokkien)
    Manila(Hokkien)
    Chaozhou
    Shantou
    Shantou(Chenghai)
    Shantou(Chaoyang)
    Jieyang
    Haifeng
    Singapore(Teochew)
    Leizhou痟神
    Wenchang發痟
    Singapore(Hainanese)發痟
    Puxian MinPutian
    Xianyou
    WuShanghai
    Shanghai(Chongming)
    Danyang
    Hangzhou
    Wenzhou
    Jinhua
    XiangLoudi

    Verb

    [edit]

    short

    1. (Cantonese, of people) to becomeinsane; to becomecrazy
    2. (Cantonese, of electronics) tomalfunction
    3. (Cantonese, electrical engineering) toshort-circuit

    References

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    French

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    short m (pluralshorts)

    1. shorts,short trousers(UK)
      Avec un pantalon, j'ai moins froid aux jambes qu'avec unshort.
      With trousers on, my legs are not as cold as with shorts on.

    Further reading

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    Italian

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshort.

    Noun

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    short m (invariable)

    1. short (short film etc.)

    Middle English

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    Adjective

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    short

    1. alternative form ofschort

    Portuguese

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     

    Noun

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    short m (pluralshorts)

    1. (Brazil)shorts(pants that do not go lower than the knees)
      Synonyms:calção,calções,shorts

    Spanish

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈʃoɾt/[ˈʃoɾt̪]
    • Rhymes:-oɾt
    • Syllabification:short

    Noun

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    short m (pluralshorts)

    1. shorts

    Usage notes

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    According toRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

    Further reading

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