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short

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Shortandshórt

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European*(s)ker-der.?
Proto-Germanic*skurtaz
Proto-West Germanic*skurt
Old Englishsċort
Middle Englishschort
Englishshort

    FromMiddle Englishschort,short, fromOld Englishsċeort,sċort(“short”), fromProto-West Germanic*skurt, fromProto-Germanic*skurtaz(“short”), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)ker-.Doublet ofshirt,skirt, andcurt.

    Cognates

    Cognate withScotsshort,schort(“short”),Frenchcourt,Dutchkort,Germankurz,Old High Germanscurz(“short”) (whenceMiddle High Germanschurz),Old Norseskorta(“to lack”) (whenceDanishskorte),Albanianshkurt(“short, brief”),Latincurtus(“shortened, incomplete”) andProto-Slavic*kortъkъ. See more atshirt.

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    short (comparativeshorter,superlativeshortest)

    1. Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, eitherhorizontally orvertically.
      Synonyms:low,narrow,slim,shallow
      Antonyms:long,tall,high,broad,deep
    2. Of a person, living being, or object, having a comparatively smallheight.
      Synonyms:little,pint-sized,petite,(slang)titchy
      Antonym:tall
      • 2022 September 22, HarryBlank, “Mind Over Matter”, inSCP Foundation‎[1], archived fromthe original on23 May 2024:
        Nhung Ngo had theshortest legs at Site-43. She was theshortest member of staff, two inches beneath the positively elfin Delfina Ibanez, and yet Lillian found her inexplicably difficult to shake. Power-walking down the halls didn't do the trick, as it always did when Wettle-dodging, since the diminutive headshrink kept disappearing into commissaries or service corridors or even other people's offices and emerging, smiling, in front of her.
    3. Having littleduration.
      Synonyms:brief,concise
      Antonym:long
      Our meeting was ashort six minutes today. Every day for the past month it’s been at least twenty minutes long.
      • 1980, Alvin Toffler,The Third Wave, page230:
        The results of this generalized speedup of the corporate metabolism are multiple:shorter product life cycles, more leasing and renting, more frequent buying and selling, more ephemeral consumption patterns,[…]
      • 2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, inAmerican Scientist‎[2], volume100, number 2, archived fromthe original on19 February 2013, page172:
        Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers andshort above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.
      • 2025 January 23, Kristen Rogers, “People with ADHD have shorter life expectancy and higher risk of mental health issues, study finds”, inCNN‎[3]:
        Having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is associated with ashorter life expectancy and a greater risk of mental health issues, according to a new study of more than 30,000 people with the disorder in the United Kingdom.
    4. (followed byfor) Of a word or phrase, constituting an abbreviation (for another) or shortened form (of another).
      "Phone" isshort for "telephone" and "asap"short for "as soon as possible".
    5. (cricket) Of afielder or fieldingposition, that is relativelyclose to thebatsman.
      Antonym:long
    6. (cricket) Of a ball, bowled so that it bounces relatively far from the batsman.
    7. (golf) Of anapproach shot orputt, that falls short of the green or the hole.
    8. (gambling) Of bettingodds, offering a small return for the money wagered.
    9. (baking) Ofpastries or(metallurgy) of materials,brittle,crumbly.
      • 2013, Heston Blumenthal,Historic Heston,→ISBN, page122:
        I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that ashort pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)
    10. Abrupt,brief,pointed,curt.
      He gave ashort answer to the question.
      • 1870 April–September, Charles Dickens,The Mystery of Edwin Drood, London:Chapman and Hall, […], published1870,→OCLC:
        “We areshort to-night!” cries the woman, with a propitiatory laugh. “Short and snappish we are![…]”
      • 2014,Charles E. Schwarz,Murder at the Table of Fools:
        The reason I was a tadshort with Start, Leeper and Burnsome was my fear they, with their education, experience and degrees, would see what I had denied for all these years […].
    11. Limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty.
      ashort supply of provisions
    12. Insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied, especially with money; scantily furnished; lacking.
      to beshort of money
      I'd lend you the cash but I'm a littleshort at present.
      The cashier came upshort ten dollars on his morning shift.
    13. Deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard.
      an account which isshort of the truth
      • 1829,Walter Savage Landor, “The Emperor Alexander and Capo D'Istria”, inImaginary Conversations, volume IV:
        […]the people are worn down with taxes, and hardly anythingshort of an invasion could rouse them again to war.
    14. (colloquial)Undiluted;neat.
      • 1846 October 1 –1848 April 1,Charles Dickens,Dombey and Son, London:Bradbury and Evans, […], published1848,→OCLC:
        “There ain’t no drain of nothingshort handy, is there?” said the Chicken, generally. “This here sluicing night is hard lines to a man as lives on his condition.”
        Captain Cuttle proffered a glass of rum[…]
      • 2003, Linda Chaikin,Desert Rose:
        Delance raised his beer and watched Hoadly throw down another swig of hard stuff. "Take itshort if you want to make it over the mountain tonight."
    15. (obsolete) Not distant in time; near at hand.
    17. (finance) Being in a financial investment position that is structured to be profitable if the price of the underlying security declines in the future.
      Antonym:long
      Coordinate term:long
      short position
      I'mshort in General Motors because I think their sales are plunging.
    18. (by extension) Doubtful of, skeptical of.
    19. (finance, dated) Ofmoney, given in the fewest possible notes, i.e. those of the largestdenomination.
      Antonym:long
      • 1909, James Blyth,The member for Easterby, page296:
        He pulled a cheque-book from his pocket, and drew for two hundred thousand pounds. “I'll take itshort,” he said[…]

    Usage notes

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    • Short is often used in the positivevertical dimension and used as isshallow in the negative vertical dimension; in the horizontal dimension,narrow is more commonly used.

    Translations

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    having a small distance between ends or edges
    of a person, of comparatively small height
    having little duration
    constituting an abbreviation or shortened form
    cricket: relatively close to the batsman
    cricket: bouncing relatively far from the batsman
    golf: falling short of the green or the hole
    of pastries: brittle, crumbly
    abrupt; brief; pointed; petulant
    limited in quantity; inadequate; insufficient; scanty
    insufficiently provided; inadequately supplied; scantily furnished; lacking
    deficient; less; not coming up to a measure or standard
    undiluted; neat
    not distant in time; near at hand
    being in a financial investment position to profit of falling prices
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Adverb

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    short (notcomparable)

    1. Abruptly,curtly,briefly.
      They had to stopshort to avoid hitting the dog in the street.
      He cut meshort repeatedly in the meeting.
      The boss got a message and cut the meetingshort.
    2. Unawares.
      The recent developments at work caught themshort.
      We were caughtshort by the sudden hailstorm.
    3. Without achieving agoal orrequirement.
      His speech fellshort of what was expected.
    4. (cricket, of the manner of bounce of acricket ball) Relativelyfar from thebatsman and hence bouncing higher than normal; opposite offull.
    5. (finance) With anegativeownership position.
      We wentshort most finance companies in July.

    Translations

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    abruptly, briefly
    unawares—see alsounawares
    without achieving a goal or requirement
    cricket: bouncing relatively far from the batsman
    finance: with a negative ownership position
    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Noun

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    short (pluralshorts)

    1. Ashort circuit.
      The circuit breaker keeps tripping because there's ashort in the wiring.
    2. Ashort film.
      • 2012 July 12, Sam Adams, AV Club,Ice Age: Continental Drift‎[4]:
        Preceded by a Simpsonsshort shot in 3-D—perhaps the only thing more superfluous than a fourth Ice Age movie—Ice Age: Continental Drift finds a retinue of vaguely contemporaneous animals coping with life in the post-Pangaea age.
      2. (Internet) A short-formvertical video.
    3. A short version of agarment in a particularsize.
      38short suits fit me right off the rack.
      Do you have that size in ashort?
    4. (baseball) Ashortstop.
      Jones smashes a grounder between third andshort.
    5. (finance) Ashort seller.
      The market decline was terrible, but theshorts were buying champagne.
    6. (finance) Ashort sale orshort position.
      He closed out hisshort at a modest loss after three months.
    7. A summary account.
    8. (phonetics) A shortphone (such as avowel) orsyllable.
      • 1877, Henry Sweet,A Handbook of Phonetics, page18:
        If we compare the nearest conventionalshorts and longs in English, as in ‘bit’ and ‘beat’, ‘not’ and ‘naught’, we find that the short vowels are generally wide (i,ɔ), the long narrow (i, ɔ), besides being generally diphthongic as well.
    9. (programming) Anintegervariable having a smallerrange than normal integers; usually two bytes long.
    10. (US, slang) Anautomobile.
      crackshorts ―to break into automobiles
      • 1975, Mary Sanches, Ben G. Blount,Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Use, page47:
        For example, one addict would crackshorts (break and enter cars) and usually obtain just enough stolen goods to buy stuff and get off just before getting sick.
      • 1982, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice,Career Criminal Life Sentence Act of 1981: Hearings, page87:
        […] list of all crimes reported by these 61 daily criminals during their years on the street is: theft (this includes shoplifting; "crackingshorts", burglary and other forms of stealing), dealing, forgery, gambling, confidence games (flim-flam, etc.)[…]

    Descendants

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    Translations

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    short circuit—seeshort circuit
    short film—seeshort film
    short version of a garment in a particular size
    baseball: shortstop—seeshortstop
    finance: short seller—seeshort seller
    finance: short sale—seeshort selling
    summary account
    programming: type of integer variable

    Verb

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    short (third-person singular simple presentshorts,present participleshorting,simple past and past participleshorted)

    1. (transitive) To cause ashort circuit in (something).
      You shouldshort the poles of the capacitor to discharge it before you work on it.
    2. (intransitive, of anelectricalcircuit) Toshort circuit.
    3. (transitive, informal) Toprovide with anamountsmaller than thatagreed orlabeled; toshortchange.
      This is the third time I've caught themshorting us.
      • 1991 August 24, Maridee BonaDea, quoting Brian Freeman, “Pomo Afro Homos On The Road”, inGay Community News, volume19, number 6, page 9:
        It's hard now. The NEA, state and city budgets are messed up and it's the small artists like us that are the ones gettingshorted.
    4. (transitive, business) To sell something, especiallysecurities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; tosell short.
    5. (obsolete) Toshorten.

    Descendants

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    Translations

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    to cause a short circuit
    intransitive: to short circuit
    shortchange—seeshortchange
    to provide with smaller than agreed quantity
    business: to sell something one does not own at the moment

    Preposition

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    short

    1. Deficient in.
      Synonym:lacking
      We areshort a few men on the second shift.
      He'sshort common sense.
    2. (finance) Having anegativeposition in.
      I don’t want to beshort the market going into the weekend.

    Translations

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    deficient in
    finance: having a negative position in

    Derived terms

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    Terms derived from the adjective, adverb, noun, verb, or prepositionshort

    See also

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    Anagrams

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    Albanian

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatinsors, sortem.[1]

    Noun

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    short m (pluralshórte,definiteshórti,definite pluralshórtet)(uncountable)

    1. drawing (action where the outcome is selected by chance using a draw)
    2. (originally southern Gheg, Tirana)sweepstakes,lot,portion
    3. (in theplural)stake,share,inheritance
      Synonym:hise
    4. (figurative)luck
      Synonym:fat
    5. (figurative)spouse,consort
      Synonyms:bashkëshort,burrë,grua
    6. (archaic)fortune-telling

    Declension

    [edit]
    Declension ofshort
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominativeshortshortishorteshortet
    accusativeshortin
    dativeshortishortitshorteveshorteve
    ablativeshortesh

    Derived terms

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    References

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    1. ^Oryol, Vladimir E. (1998), “short”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page426

    Further reading

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    • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎[6],1980
    • “short”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
    • Mann,S. E. (1948), “short”, inAn Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page488

    Chinese

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishshort, in the sense of a short circuit. Cognate with TaiwaneseHokkien秀逗.

    Pronunciation

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    Note:
    • sot1 - Hong Kong;
    • sok1 - Guangzhou.

      Adjective

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      short

      1. (Cantonese)insane;crazy
        short short哋[Cantonese]  ― sot1 sot1 dei6-2[Jyutping]  ―  a bit crazy

      Synonyms

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      Dialectal synonyms of瘋 (“mad; crazy; insane”)[map]
      VarietyLocationWords
      Classical Chinese痴,狂,癲
      Formal(Written Standard Chinese)瘋,狂,瘋癲,瘋狂
      Northeastern MandarinBeijing瘋,有毛病
      Taiwan瘋,神經病
      Singapore神經病,有毛病
      Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)痴
      Central Plains MandarinLuoyang瘋
      Xi'an瘋
      Lanyin MandarinÜrümqi瘋
      Southwestern MandarinWuhan八面威,八面
      Guiyang瘋
      Liuzhou癲
      Jianghuai MandarinYangzhou瘋
      CantoneseGuangzhou癲,黐線,黐筋,黐孖筋,short
      Hong Kong癲,黐線,黐筋,黐孖筋,黐膠花,short,黐總掣,黐大掣
      Kuala Lumpur(Guangfu)癲,黐線
      Penang(Guangfu)癲,黐線
      Singapore(Guangfu)癲,黐線
      GanNanchang瘋
      HakkaMeixian癲
      Eastern MinFuzhou癲,癲脬
      Southern MinXiamen痟
      Quanzhou痟
      Yongchun痟
      Zhangzhou痟,魔
      Zhao'an痟
      Tainan痟
      Penang(Hokkien)痟
      Singapore(Hokkien)痟
      Manila(Hokkien)痟
      Chaozhou痟
      Shantou痟
      Shantou(Chenghai)痟
      Shantou(Chaoyang)痟
      Jieyang痟
      Haifeng癲
      Singapore(Teochew)痟
      Leizhou痟神
      Wenchang發痟
      Singapore(Hainanese)發痟
      Puxian MinPutian痟
      Xianyou痟
      WuShanghai痴
      Shanghai(Chongming)痴
      Danyang瘋
      Hangzhou瘋
      Wenzhou癲
      Jinhua癲
      XiangLoudi瘋

      Verb

      [edit]

      short

      1. (Cantonese, of people) to becomeinsane; to becomecrazy
      2. (Cantonese, of electronics) tomalfunction
      3. (Cantonese, electrical engineering) toshort-circuit

      References

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      French

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      Etymology

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      Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      short m (pluralshorts)

      1. shorts,short trousers(UK)
        Avec un pantalon, j'ai moins froid aux jambes qu'avec unshort.
        With trousers on, my legs are not as cold as with shorts on.

      Further reading

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      Italian

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      Etymology

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      Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshort.

      Noun

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      short m (invariable)

      1. short (short film etc.)

      Middle English

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      Adjective

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      short

      1. alternative form ofschort

      Portuguese

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      PortugueseWikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipediapt

      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European*(s)ker-der.?
      Proto-Germanic*skurtaz
      Proto-West Germanic*skurt
      Old Englishsċort
      Middle Englishschort
      Englishshort
      Old English-as
      Middle English-es
      English-s
      Portugueseshort

        Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

        Pronunciation

        [edit]
         

        Noun

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        short m (pluralshorts)

        1. (Brazil)shorts(pants that do not go lower than the knees)
          Synonyms:calção,calções,shorts

        Further reading

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        Spanish

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        Etymology

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        Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishshorts.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈʃoɾt/[ˈʃoɾt̪]
        • Rhymes:-oɾt
        • Syllabification:short

        Noun

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        short m (pluralshorts)

        1. shorts

        Usage notes

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        According toRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

        Further reading

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