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shift

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Shift

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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The noun is fromMiddle Englishschyft,shyffte. Cognate withGermanSchicht(layer, shift).

The verb is fromMiddle Englishschiften, fromOld Englishsċiftan(to divide, separate into shares; appoint, ordain; arrange, organise), fromProto-Germanic*skiftijaną,*skiptijaną, from earlier*skipatjaną(to organise, put in order), fromProto-Indo-European*skeyb-(to separate, divide, part), fromProto-Indo-European*skey-(to cut, divide, separate, part). Cognate withScotsschift,skift(to shift),West Frisianskifte,skiftsje(to sort),Dutchschiften(to sort, screen, winnow, part),Germanschichten(to stack, layer),Swedishskifta(to shift, change, exchange, vary),Norwegianskifte(to shift),Icelandicskipta(to switch). Seeship.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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shift (countable anduncountable,pluralshifts)

  1. A movement to do something, a beginning.
  2. An act of shifting; a slightmovement orchange.
    There was ashift in the political atmosphere.
    • c. 1620-1626,Henry Wotton,letter to Nicholas Pey
      My going to Oxford was not merely forshift of air.
    • 2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, inNew York Times[1]:
      The generationalshift Mr. Obama once embodied is, in fact, well under way, but it will not change Washington as quickly — or as harmoniously — as a lot of voters once hoped.
  3. (obsolete) A share, a portion assigned on division.
  4. (historical) A type of women's undergarment of dress length worn under dresses or skirts, aslip orchemise.
    Just last week she bought a newshift at the market.
    • 1749,Henry Fielding, chapter X, inThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume(please specify |volume=I to VI), London:A[ndrew] Millar, [],→OCLC, book V:
      No; without a gown, in ashift that was somewhat of the coarsest, and none of the cleanest, bedewed likewise with some odoriferous effluvia, the produce of the day's labour, with a pitchfork in her hand, Molly Seagrim approached.
    • 1762,Charles Johnstone,The Reverie; or, A Flight to the Paradise of Fools[2], volume 2, Dublin: Printed by Dillon Chamberlaine,→OCLC, page202:
      At length, one night, when the company by some accident broke up much sooner than ordinary, so that the candles were not half burnt out, she was not able to resist the temptation, but resolved to have them some way or other. Accordingly, as soon as the hurry was over, and the servants, as she thought, all gone to sleep, she stole out of her bed, and went down stairs, naked to hershift as she was, with a design to steal them[]
    • 1919,W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 47”, inThe Moon and Sixpence,[New York, N.Y.]:Grosset & Dunlap Publishers [],→OCLC:
      Some wear blackshifts and flesh-coloured stockings; some with curly hair, dyed yellow, are dressed like little girls in short muslin frocks.
  5. A simple straight-hanging, loose-fitting dress.
  6. A change of workers, now specifically a set group of workers or period of working time.
    Synonym:workshift
    We'll work threeshifts a day till the job's done.
  7. (US) Thegear mechanism in a motor vehicle.
    Does it come with a stick-shift?
  8. Alternative spelling ofShift(a modifier button of computer keyboards).
    If you pressshift-P, the preview display will change.
  9. (computing) Acontrol code orcharacter used to change between differentcharacter sets.
    1. (computing) An instance of the use of such a code or character.
  10. (computing) Abit shift.
  11. (baseball) Aninfield shift.
    Teams often use ashift against this lefty.
  12. (Ireland, crude slang, often with the definite article, usually uncountable) The act of kissing passionately.
    • 2023, Colin Walsh,Kala:
      She flicked her hair out of her eyes again and looked into yours as you put your hands on her waist. Then her tongue was in your mouth and yours was in hers. You were getting theshift. Ye were shifting.
    • 2024 December 16, Dermot Ward, in "Irish People Try Cheap Vs Expensive Alcohol 3&t=16m" (c. 16 minutes in),The TRY Channel:
      [If] I went on dates with these two [alcohols], right, you're a deep meaningful conversation with this one, [...] but this one? Ashift and a finger and maybe you'd go home, do you know what I mean?
  13. (archaic) Acontrivance, adevice to try when other methods fail.
  14. (archaic) Atrick, anartifice.
  15. (construction) Theextent, orarrangement, of the overlapping of plank, brick, stones, etc., that are placed incourses so as to breakjoints.
  16. (mining) A breaking off anddislocation of aseam; afault.
  17. (genetics) A mutation in which theDNA orRNA from two different sources (such as viruses or bacteria) combine.
    • 2017, Laura Spinney,Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World,→ISBN:
      This kind of change, calledshift - or more memorably, 'viral sex' - tends to trigger a pandemic, because a radically different virus demands a radically different immune response, and that takes time to mobilise.
  18. (music) Inviolin-playing, any position of the left hand except that nearest thenut.
  19. A period of time in which one'sconsciousness resides in another reality, usually achieved throughmeditation or other means.
  20. (Britishslang) bedone;ruined

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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type of women's undergarmentseeslip
change of workers
act of shifting
gear mechanism in a motor vehicle
button on a keyboard

Verb

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shift (third-person singular simple presentshifts,present participleshifting,simple past and past participleshifted)

  1. (transitive, sometimes figurative) To move from one place to another; toredistribute.
    We'll have toshift these boxes to the downtown office.
    • 2012 March, William E. Carter, Merri Sue Carter, “The British Longitude Act Reconsidered”, inAmerican Scientist, volume100, number 2, page87:
      But was it responsible governance to pass the Longitude Act without other efforts to protect British seamen? Or might it have been subterfuge—a disingenuous attempt toshift attention away from the realities of their life at sea.
    • 2013 June 22, “T time”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8841, page68:
      The ability toshift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies. […] current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate […] “stateless income”: profit subject to tax in a jurisdiction that is neither the location of the factors of production that generate the income nor where the parent firm is domiciled.
  2. (ergative, figurative) Tochange in form or character;switch.
    • 2008, June Granatir Alexander,Ethnic Pride, American Patriotism, page ix:
      As a result, Ishifted my approach to focus on group-generated activities and broadened the chronological time frame.
    • 2013, Steven H. Knoblauch,The Musical Edge of Therapeutic Dialogue:
      His voiceshifted from song to whisper.
  3. (intransitive, sometimes reflexive and figurative) To change position; tomove.
    Sheshifted slightly in her seat.
    His political stanceshifted daily.
    We were hoping he couldshift himself to take care of the problem, but he couldn't beshifted.
  4. (intransitive, India) Tochangeresidence; toleave andlive elsewhere.
    Synonyms:move,relocate
    We areshifting to America next month.
  5. (obsolete, transitive) Tochange (clothes, especially underwear); to change the clothes of.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton],The Anatomy of Melancholy: [], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: [] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC:
      , II.ii.2:
      'Tis very good to wash his hands and face often, toshift his clothes, to have fair linen about him, to be decently and comely attired […].
  6. (obsolete, transitive, reflexive) Tochange (someone's) clothes; sometimes specifically, to change underwear.
  7. (intransitive) To changegears (in an automobile).
    I crested the hill andshifted into fifth.
  8. (typewriters) To move the keys of atypewriter over in order to typecapital letters or specialcharacters.
  9. (computer keyboards) To switch to a character entry mode for capital letters or special characters.
  10. (transitive, computing) To manipulate abinary number by moving all of itsdigits left or right; comparerotate.
    Shifting 1001 to the left yields 10010; shifting it right yields 100.
  11. (transitive, computing) To remove (the first value from anarray).
  12. (transitive) Todispose of,remove.
    How can Ishift a grass stain?
  13. (intransitive) Tohurry; tomovequickly.
    If youshift, you might make the 2:19.
    • 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, inRail, page68:
      Time is running out, so I renounce a spin on a Class 387 for a fast run to Paddington on another Class 800 - a shame as the weather was perfect for pictures. Even so, it's enjoyable - boy, can those trainsshift under the wires.
  14. (Ireland, vulgar, slang, transitive) To engage in sexualpetting with.
    • 2018,Sally Rooney, “Two Days Later (April 2011)”, inNormal People:
      The question is what she's done to Waldron, said Eric. Look at him hiding in his locker there. Come on, spit it out. Did youshift her?
  15. (archaic, intransitive) To resort toexpedients foraccomplishing a purpose; to cope, get by, manage, make do.
    • 1692,Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables ofÆsop, &c.] Fab[le] Fable 83, Reflexion. (please specify the name of the fable.)”, inFables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: [], London: [] R[ichard] Sare, [],→OCLC,page81:
      [] men in distress will look to themselves in the First Place, and leave their Companions toShift as well as they can.
      check it out online
    • 1743,Robert Drury,The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar[3], London, page112:
      My Fellow-Slaves were[] as courteous to me as I could well-expect; and as they had Plantations of their own, they gave me[] such Victuals as they had; especially on dark Nights, and at such Times as I could notshift for myself.
  16. (intransitive) To practiceindirect orevasive methods; tocontrive.
    • 1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e.,Walter Raleigh], chapter 3, inThe Historie of the World [], London: [] William Stansby forWalter Burre, [],→OCLC, 1st book, §. section 7,page45:
      But this I dare auow of all those Schoole-men, that though they were exceeding wittie, yet they better teach all their Followers toshift, then to resolue, by their distinctions.
  17. (intransitive, music) Inviolin-playing, to move theleft hand from its original position next to thenut.
  18. (intransitive) To usemeditation or other means to change the reality that one'sconsciousness resides in.
    I finallyshifted to Hogwarts last night!
  19. (Nigeria, slang) Tosteal orkidnap.
  20. (Minecraft, video games) Tocrouch in game, especially if theshift key is pressed toinitiate crouching.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) ofcomputing):unshift

Derived terms

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Translations

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to change, swapsee alsoswap
to move from one place to anothersee alsoswitch,‎toggle
to change position
to change gears

See also

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromEnglishshift.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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shift m (pluralshifts,diminutiveshiftje n)

  1. shift (people working in turn)
    Synonym:ploeg
  2. shift (button on a keyboard)
  3. shift (the act of shifting)
    Synonym:verschuiving

Related terms

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Descendants

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  • Caribbean Javanese:syif

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishshift.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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shift m (pluralshifts)

  1. shift(people working in turn)

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈʃi.fi.t͡ʃi/,/ˈʃift͡ʃ/
    • (Southern Brazil)IPA(key): /ˈʃift͡ʃ/,/ˈʃi.fi.t͡ʃi/

Noun

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shift m (pluralshifts)

  1. shift(button on a keyboard)
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