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shell

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:she'llandShell

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Aconch shell

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishschelle, fromOld Englishsċiell, fromProto-West Germanic*skallju, fromProto-Germanic*skaljō, fromProto-Indo-European*(s)kelH-(“to split, cleave”).

CompareWest Frisianskyl(“peel, rind”),Dutchschil(“peel, skin, rink”),Low GermanSchell(“shell, scale”),Irishscelec(“pebble”),Old Church Slavonicсколика(skolika,“shell”). More atshale.Doublet ofsheal.

  • (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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shell (pluralshells)

  1. Ahardexternalcovering of ananimal.
    1. Thecalcareous orchitinous external covering ofmollusks,crustaceans, and some otherinvertebrates.
      In some mollusks, as the cuttlefish, theshell is concealed by the animal's outer mantle and is considered internal.
      Genuine mother-of-pearl buttons are made from seashells.
    2. (by extension) Any mollusk having such a covering.
    3. (entomology) Theexoskeleton orwingcovers of certain insects.
    4. The conjoinedscutes that constitute the "shell" (carapace) of atortoise orturtle.
    5. The overlapping hardplates comprising the armor covering thearmadillo's body.
  2. The hardcalcareous covering of a birdegg.
  3. One of the outer layers of skin of anonion.
    The restaurant served caramelized onionshells.
  4. (botany) The hard external covering of variousplantseed forms.
    1. The covering, or outside part, of anut.
      The black walnut and the hickory nut, both of the sameGenus as the pecan, have much thicker and hardershells than the pecan.
    2. Apod containing the seeds of certain plants, such as the legumePhaseolus vulgaris.
    3. (in theplural)Husks ofcacaoseeds, adecoction of which is sometimes used as a substitute or adulterant forcocoa and its products such aschocolate.
  5. (geology) The accreted mineral formed around a hollowgeode.
  6. (weaponry) Thecasing of a self-contained single-unitartillery projectile.
  7. (weaponry) Ahollow, usually spherical or cylindricalprojectile fired from a siegemortar or asmoothborecannon. It contains anexplosive substance designed to beignited by afuse or bypercussion at the target site so that it willburst andscatter at high velocity its contents andfragments. Formerly called abomb.
  8. (weaponry) Thecartridge of abreechloadingfirearm; aload; abullet; around.
  9. (architecture) Any slight hollow structure; aframework, orexterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as theshell of a house.
  10. A garment, usually worn by women, such as a shirt,blouse, ortop, with short sleeves or no sleeves, that often fastens in the rear.
  11. Acoarse orflimsycoffin; a thin interior coffin enclosed within a moresubstantial one.
    • 1877, Burke O'Farrell,Proud as Lucifer: A Novel:
      Upstairs in that chill darkened room which nobody passes who can help it , the old Baronet lies in his coffinshell - an awful form faintly defined beneath the sheet
  12. An unmarked vehicle for carrying corpses from a crime scene.
    • 2022, Liam McIlvanney,The Heretic, page23:
      Then they lifted the body into the bag, setting it down like something breakable, zipped the bag, wrapped the whole thing in polythene and carried the stretcher into theshell.
  13. (music) A stringinstrument, as alyre, whoseacoustical chamber is formed like a shell.
    The first lyre may have been made by drawing strings over the underside of a tortoiseshell.
    • 1687,John Dryden,A Song for Cecilia's Day:
      when Jubal struck the chordedshell
  14. (music) The body of a drum; the often wooden, oftencylindricalacoustic chamber, with or without rims added for tuning and forattaching thedrum head.
  15. Anengravedcopperroller used inprintworks.
  16. The thin coating of copper on anelectrotype.
  17. (nautical) The watertight outer covering of thehull of a vessel, often made with planking or metal plating.
  18. (nautical, rigging) The outerframe or case of ablock within which thesheaves revolve.
  19. (nautical) A light boat whose frame is covered with thin wood, impermeable fabric, or water-proofed paper; a racing shell ordragon boat.
  20. (chemistry) A set ofatomic orbitals that have the sameprincipal quantum number.
  21. (figuratively) The outward form independent of what is inside.
  22. (figuratively) The empty outward form of someone or something.
    The setback left him a mereshell; he was never the same again.
    • 1953 April, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, inRailway Magazine, page283:
      Mr. Thomas adds that, by the time it was scrapped,Kingsley was in very bad condition, little more than ashell in fact. In view of the rough usage to which the engine had been subjected, this is not surprising.
  23. Anemaciated person.
    He's lost so much weight from illness; he's ashell of his former self.
  24. (figuratively) A person otherwise diminished.
    Since coming back from Vietnam; he's been ashell of his former self.
  25. A psychological barrier to social interaction.
    Even after months of therapy he's still in hisshell.
  27. (computing) Anoperating system softwareuser interface, whose primary purpose is tolaunch otherprograms andcontrol their interactions; theuser's commandinterpreter.Shell is a way to separate the internal complexity of the implementation of the command from the user. The internals can change while the user experience/interface remains the same.
    The name "Bash" is an acronym which stands for "Bourne-again shell", itself a pun on the name of the "Bourne shell", an earlier Unixshell designed by Stephen Bourne, and the Christian concept of being "born again".
  28. (business) A legal entity that has no operations.
    Ashell corporation was formed to acquire the old factory.
  29. A concave rough cast-iron tool in which aconvexlens isground to shape.
  30. (engineering) Agouge bit orshell bit.
  31. (phonology) Theonset andcoda of asyllable.
  32. (UK, slang) A person'sear.
    Synonym:shell-like
    Can I have a quick word in yourshell?
  33. (British, education) One or moreschoolgrades withinsecondary education, at certainpublic schools.
    • 2013, “Chinese (Mandarin)”, inWestminster School‎[1], retrieved4 December 2023:
      Chinese (Mandarin) is taught at Westminster from the LowerShell as an optional subject.
  34. In formal debating, a set of proposed rules to be followed, with set penalties for violating them.
    a theoryshell
    a topicalityshell

Meronyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of many invertebrates
hard covering of an egg
entomology: exoskeleton of certain insects
covering of a nut
pod
husks of cacao seeds
conjoined scutes that comprise the "shell" of a tortoise or turtle
overlapping hard plates comprising the armor covering armadillo's body
accreted mineral formed around a hollow geode
casing of an artillery projectile
hollow usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a mortar or a cannon
cartridge of a breechloading firearm
any hollow structure; framework, or exterior structure
garment with short or no sleeves that often fastens in the rear
coarse or flimsy coffin
music: string instrument, whose acoustical chamber is formed like a shell
music: body of a drum
engraved copper roller used in print works
nautical: outer covering of the hull
nautical, rigging: outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve
nautical: light boat the frame of which is covered with thin material
computing: general-purpose environment
chemistry: set of atomic orbitals that have the same principal quantum number
emaciated person
psychological barrier to social interaction
business: legal entity that has no operations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal"
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked


Verb

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shell (third-person singular simple presentshells,present participleshelling,simple past and past participleshelled)

  1. To remove the outer covering or shell of something.
  2. Tobombard, to fire projectiles at, especially withartillery.
    The gunsshelled the enemy trenches.
  3. (informal) To disburse or give upmoney, topay. (Often used without).
  4. (intransitive) Tofall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
  5. (intransitive) Tocast the shell, or exterior covering; tofall out of thepod orhusk.
    Nutsshell in falling.
    Wheat or ryeshells in reaping.
  6. (computing, intransitive) To switch to a shell orcommand line.
    • 1993, Robin Nixon,The PC Companion, page115:
      Automenu is a good program to try, and offers a fair amount of protection - but, unfortunately, it's one of those systems that allow users toshell to DOS.
  7. To form shallow, irregular cracks (in a coating).
  8. (topology) To form ashelling.
  9. (cricket, slang, transitive) Todrop (the ball).
    • 2022, Nicholas Brookes,An Island's Eleven: The Story of Sri Lankan Cricket:
      Heshelled it, and dislocated his finger in the process.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to remove the outer covering or shell of something
to bombard, to fire projectiles at—seebomb
informal: to disburse or give up money, to pay
to fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
to cast the shell, or exterior covering

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishschal, fromOld Englishsċeal.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʃɛl/,/ʃal/,/ʃʊl/

Verb

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shell

  1. shall
    • 1867, “VERSES IN ANSWER TO THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page100:
      Craneen t' thee wee aam, thee luggèsshell aake.
      Choking to thee with them. Thy earsshall ache.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page67
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