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sem

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "sem"
Languages (21)
Translingual • English
Ao • Bahnar • Catalan • Chinese • Czech • Eskayan • Hungarian • Icelandic • Karang • Middle English • Mizo • Old Norse • Old Tupi • Portuguese • Romani • Serbo-Croatian • Slovene • Tok Pisin • Zou
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping ofEnglishSemitic.

Symbol

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sem

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-5language code forSemitic languages.

English

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem (pluralsems)

  1. Clipping ofseminary.
  2. Clipping ofsemester.
  3. Clipping ofsemicolon(Can we add anexample for this sense?)

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Ao

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Etymology

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FromProto-Central Naga*tshVm, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*(t)sum.

Pronunciation

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  • (Chungli)IPA(key): /sɯm˩/,[sɯm˩]

Noun

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sem

  1. mortar (vessel to crush and mix things)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014),A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga[1], Berkeley: University of California, pages71, 221

Bahnar

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Etymology

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FromProto-Bahnaric*ceː₂m, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*cim ~ *ciim ~ *ciəm ~ *caim ~ *cum(bird).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem

  1. bird

Catalan

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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sem

  1. (Northern, Alghero)first-personpluralpresentindicative ofésser
  2. (Northern, Alghero)first-personpluralpresentindicative ofser

Chinese

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Etymology

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From clipping ofEnglishsemester.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, universityslang)semester(Classifier:c)
    終於sem终于sem[Hong Kong Cantonese]  ― zung1 jyu1 jyun4sem6 laa3.[Jyutping]  ―  Thesemester has finally ended.

Derived terms

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References

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Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechsěmo /sěm, fromProto-Slavic*sěmo.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sem

  1. hither (tohere)

Eskayan

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Numeral

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sem

  1. nine

Hungarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Blend ofis(also, even) +‎nem(no, not).[1]

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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sem(clitic)

  1. …,neither (ornot…,either)
    Julitsem láttam.I didn’t see Juli,either. [aside from not having seen another person]
    Énsem láttam Julit.I didn’t see Juli,either. [aside from other people who haven't seen her]
  2. noteven
    Megsem próbálta.S/he didn’t even try it.

Conjunction

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sem(paired)

  1. neithernor
    Sem te,sem ő nem jöhettek velem.Neither younor s/he can come with me.

Usage notes

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The wordsem andnincs,nincsen(it/there isn't) are contracted into the formssincs,sincsen(it/there isn't, either).

Derived terms

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Compound words
Expressions

See also

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References

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  1. ^sem inTótfalusi, István.Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár→ISBN

Further reading

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  • sem in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norsesem(as, like), possibly fromProto-Germanic*samaz(same, alike).

Conjunction

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sem

  1. (with a noun phrase)as,like
    Hann varsem guð meðal manna.
    He waslike a god amongst men.
    Hár hennar var hvíttsem snjór.
    Her hair was whiteas snow.
    Hann ersem nýr.
    He isas [good as] new.
    Vistasem
    Saveas
  2. (with a clause)like,as if
    Svo virðistsem sjúkdómurinn sé arfgengur
    Is seems as though the disease is hereditary.
  3. (relative, with a clause)who,which,that
    Þetta er maðurinnsem ég hitti í gær.
    That’s the manthat I met yesterday.
    Þetta er konansem barði mig.
    That’s the womanwho hit me.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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sem(weak)

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicative ofsemja
  2. second-personsingularimperative ofsemja

Karang

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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sem

  1. blood

References

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  • Robert Ulfers,Dictionnaire Karang- Français. (2007).

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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sem

  1. alternative form ofseem(seam)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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sem

  1. alternative form ofseem(load)

Mizo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*sem.

Verb

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sem

  1. todivide
  2. toshare,distribute

Further reading

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Old Norse

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Etymology 1

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Possibly fromProto-Germanic*samaz(same, alike).

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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sem

  1. as,thesame,like
Descendants
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  • Icelandic:sem
  • Faroese:sum(from East Nordic)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk:(dialectal)sem,se
  • Old Swedish:sum,som
  • Danish:som
    • Norwegian Bokmål:som

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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sem

  1. inflection ofsemja:
    1. first-personsingularactivepresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularactiveimperative

Further reading

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  • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “sem”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive

Old Tupi

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Tupi-Guarani*t͡ʃem, fromProto-Tupian*t͡ʃem.

    Cognate withParaguayan Guaranisẽ,Sateré-Mawéwẽẽ-tẽp.

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    sem (first-person singular active indicativeasem,first-person singular negative active indicativen'asemi,nounsema)(intransitive)

    1. toexit; toleave; toget out
      Asem 'y suí.
      Igot out of the water.
    2. tomove(to change residence)
      Synonym:îakasó
    3. (of acelestial body) torise
    4. (rare) tobe born [withsuí‘from someone’]
      Synonym:'ar
      • 1586,André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, inLe Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d’André Thevet [The Great Islander and Piloting of André Thevet],page253:
        aëoſen Maria Vurgon ſuy
        [A'e osem Maria Virgem suí.]
        Hewas born from Mary Virgin.
      • 1586,André Thevet, “Du Goulphre ou Riviere de Ganabara”, inLe Grand Insulaire et Pilotage d’André Thevet [The Great Islander and Piloting of André Thevet],page253:
        aë aué de ſuy oſenuaë puera Jeſus
        [A'e abé nde suí osẽba'epûera Jesus.]
        He also whowas born from you, Jesus.

    Conjugation

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        Conjugation ofsem (intransitive, S-starting, consonant ending) (SeeAppendix:Old Tupi verbs)
    Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
    Causativemosem
    Causative-comitativeerosem
    Deverbals
    -ba'eosemyba'e
    -sab(a)sembaba
    -sar(a)sembara
    SingularSingular and PluralPlural
    1st person2nd person3rd person1st person exclusive1st person inclusive2nd person
    Verbal forms
    Active
    Indicativeasemeresemosemorosemîasempesem
    Permissivet'asemt'eresemt'osemt'orosemt'îasemta pesem
    Imperativeesempesem
    Negative indicativen'asemin'eresemin'osemin'orosemin'îasemina pesemi
    Negative permissivet'asem umẽt'eresem umẽt'osem umẽt'orosem umẽt'îasem umẽta pesem umẽ
    Negative imperativeesem umẽpesem umẽ
    Gerund
    Affirmativegûixemaesemaosemaorosemaîasemapesema
    Negativegûixeme'ymaeseme'ymaoseme'ymaoroseme'ymaîaseme'ymapeseme'yma
    Nominal forms
    Infinitive
    Affirmativesema
    Negativeseme'yma
    Circumstantial
    Affirmativexesemixemiorésemiîandésemi
    Negativexeseme'ymixeme'ymioréseme'ymiîandéseme'ymi

    Descendants

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    References

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    Portuguese

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    Etymology

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      FromOld Galician-Portuguesesen, fromLatinsine, fromProto-Indo-European*sene.

      Pronunciation

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      Preposition

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      sem

      1. -less;without(not having, containing, characteristic of, etc.)
        Antonym:com
        umlivrosemcapaa bookwithout a cover
        casasemjanelaswindowless house
      2. (followed by infinitive)without(not doing or not having done something)
        Elegosta decomertudosemdividir.
        He likes to eat everythingwithout sharing.
        Eleatirousemavisarninguém.
        He shotwithout warning anyone.
      3. no(indicates lack of possibility or allowance)
        Sem fotos.
        No photos.
        Sem tocar!
        No touching!

      Quotations

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      For quotations using this term, seeCitations:sem.

      Synonyms

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      Antonyms

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      • (antonym(s) ofnot doing or having done something):use gerund (-ando,-endo,-indo)

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      • Ambonese Malay:seng
      • Macanese:sim

      Further reading

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      Romani

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      Verb

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      sem

      1. first-personsingularpresentindicative ofsi

      Serbo-Croatian

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      Etymology 1

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      Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

      Pronunciation

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      Preposition

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      sem (Cyrillic spellingсем)

      1. except,apart from,besides

      Etymology 2

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      FromAncient Greekσῆμα(sêma).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      sȇm m animacy unspecified (Cyrillic spellingсе̑м)

      1. (semantics) the smallest unit of meaning

      Further reading

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      Slovene

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      FromProto-Slavic*sěmo. First attested in the 16th century.

      Adverb

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      sem

      1. hither,over here (tohere)

      Etymology 2

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      FromProto-Slavic*esmь.

      Verb

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      sə̏m

      1. first-personsingularpresent ofbíti

      Further reading

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      • sem”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene),2014–2026

      Tok Pisin

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      Etymology

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      FromEnglishsame.

      Adjective

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      sem

      1. same

      Zou

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      Noun

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      sem

      1. hair

      References

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      • Chungkham Yashawanta Singh; Lukram Himmat (2013),A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University
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