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self

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Self,šelf,self-,-self,andself.

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishself,silf,sulf, fromOld Englishself,seolf,sylf, fromProto-Germanic*selbaz. Cognates includeGothic𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰(silba),Germanselbst andDutchzelf.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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self (selves)

  1. (obsolete or rare)Himself,herself,itself,themself,themselves; that specific (person mentioned).
    This argument was put forward by the defendantself.
    • 1898 July 18,The Leader, Melbourne, page34, column 1:
      Now that I put on my glasses I could see that the hut was empty but for our twoselves; that it must have been absolutely empty till we entered.
  2. (commercial or humorous)Myself.
    I made out a cheque, payable toself, which cheered me up somewhat.

Noun

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self (pluralselvesorselfs)

  1. One individual'spersonality,character,demeanor, ordisposition.
    She remained her usual cheerfulself despite recent setbacks
    • 2003,Roy Porter,Flesh in the Age of Reason, Ch.1, at p.7:
      John Locke argued that the mind is not like a furnished flat, prestocked before occupation with innate ideas, but like a home put together piecemeal from mental acquisitions picked up bit by bit. Theself is thus the bit-by-bit product of experience and education: we are what we become - or, inWordworth's later phrase, the child is the father of the man. Particular parents, surroundings and stimuli produce individuated selves. Identity is thus unique because contingent, the cumulative product of ceaseless occurrences.
  2. Thesubject of one's ownexperience ofphenomena: perception, emotions, thoughts.
    • c.1596–1598 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act II, scene ix]:
      Portia:
      To these injunctions every one doth swear
      That comes to hazard for my worthlessself.
    • 1913,Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, inThe Lodger, London:Methuen,→OCLC; republished inNovels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.:Longmans, Green and Co., [],[1933],→OCLC,page0056:
      Thanks to that penny he had just spent so recklessly [on a newspaper] he would pass a happy hour, taken, for once, out of his anxious, despondent, miserableself. It irritated him shrewdly to know that these moments of respite from carking care would not be shared with his poor wife, with careworn, troubled Ellen.
  3. An individualperson as the object of the person's ownreflectiveconsciousness (pluralselves).
    • 1859–1860,William Hamilton, “Lecture IX”, inH[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel andJohn Veitch, editors,Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic [], volume(please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London:William Blackwood and Sons,→OCLC:
      Theself, the I, is recognized in every act of intelligence as the subject to which that act belongs. It is I that perceive, I that imagine, I that remember, I that attend, I that compare, I that feel, I that will, I that am conscious.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      The preposterous altruism too![]Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation ofself—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.
  4. Self-interest or personal advantage.
  5. (botany) A seedling produced by self-pollination (pluralselfs).
  6. (botany) Aflower having its colouruniform as opposed tovariegated.
  7. (molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of anorganism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example,infective,allogenic, orxenogenic).
    • 2000, G Ristoriet al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, inFASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume14, number 3,→PMID, pages431–438:
      Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (ofself or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating thatself-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (onself and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.
    • 2013 May-June,Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 3:
      In plants, the ability to recognizeself from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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individual person as the object of own reflective consciousness

See also

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Verb

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self (third-person singular simple presentselfs,present participleselfing,simple past and past participleselfed)

  1. (botany) Tofertilize by the same individual; toself-fertilize orself-pollinate.
  2. (botany) To fertilize by the same strain; toinbreed.

Antonyms

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Adjective

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self

  1. Having its own or a single nature or character throughout, as in colour, composition, etc., without addition or change; of the samekind; unmixed.
    aself bow: one made from a single piece of wood
    aself flower or plant: one which is wholly of one colour
  2. (obsolete)Same, identical.
  3. (obsolete)Belonging to oneself;own.
  4. (molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of anorganism's own (belonging to theself), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example,infective,allogenic, orxenogenic).
    Antonym:nonself
    • 2000, G Ristoriet al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, inFASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume14, number 3,→PMID, pages431–438:
      Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (ofself or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating thatself-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry withself or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of itsself/nonself nature. Epitopes (onself and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^Hall, Joseph Sargent (2 March 1942), “3. The Consonants”, inThe Phonetics of Great Smoky Mountain Speech (American Speech: Reprints and Monographs; 4),New York:King's Crown Press,→DOI,→ISBN,§ 2, page88.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Danish

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Alternative forms

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Adverb

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self

  1. (Internetslang)abbreviation ofselvfølgelig(of course)

French

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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self m (pluralselfs)

  1. self-servicerestaurant orcanteen.

References

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Maltese

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Root
s-l-f
5 terms

Etymology

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FromArabicسَلَف(salaf).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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self m

  1. loan

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Englishself, fromProto-West Germanic*selb, fromProto-Germanic*selbaz.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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self

  1. (the) (very/self)same, (the)aforementioned
  2. Intensifies the pronoun or noun it follows or precedes;very
  3. (+genitive)own

Descendants

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References

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Pronoun

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self

  1. themself,themselves;a reflexive pronoun
  2. that,this

Descendants

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References

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Noun

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self (pluralselfs)

  1. (the)samething, (the)aforementionedthing

References

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Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*selbaz.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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self

  1. self;oneself,personally

Declension

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Declension ofself — Strong
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeselfselfself
Accusativeselfneselfeself
Genitiveselfesselfreselfes
Dativeselfumselfreselfum
Instrumentalselfeselfreselfe
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeselfeselfa,selfeself
Accusativeselfeselfa,selfeself
Genitiveselfraselfraselfra
Dativeselfumselfumselfum
Instrumentalselfumselfumselfum
Declension ofself — Weak
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeselfaselfeselfe
Accusativeselfanselfanselfe
Genitiveselfanselfanselfan
Dativeselfanselfanselfan
Instrumentalselfanselfanselfan
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativeselfanselfanselfan
Accusativeselfanselfanselfan
Genitiveselfra,selfenaselfra,selfenaselfra,selfena
Dativeselfumselfumselfum
Instrumentalselfumselfumselfum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*selbaz.

Pronoun

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self

  1. self

Inflection

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Declension ofself
singularplural
masculineneuterfeminine
nominativeself, selfo, selfaselfaselfselfon
accusativeselfon, selfanself, selfaselfunselfon, selfun
genitiveselfes, selfas*selfas, *selfesselfaru, selfaroselfaro
dativeselfomo, selfumu, selfemselfonselfun, selfonselfon
instrumental-

Descendants

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