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second

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English numbers(edit)
20
 ←  123  → 
   Cardinal:two
   Ordinal:second
   Abbreviated ordinal:2nd
   Latinate ordinal:secondary
   Reverse order ordinal:second last,second to last,second from last,last but one
   Latinate reverse order ordinal:penultimate
   Adverbial:twotimes,twice
   Multiplier:twofold
   Latinate multiplier:double
   Distributive:doubly
   Germanic collective:pair,twosome
   Collective of n parts:doublet,couple,couplet
   Greek or Latinate collective:dyad
   Metric collective prefix:double-
   Greek collective prefix:di-,duo-
   Latinate collective prefix:bi-
   Fractional:half
   Metric fractional prefix:demi-
   Latinate fractional prefix:semi-
   Greek fractional prefix:hemi-
   Elemental:twin,doublet
   Greek prefix:deutero-
   Number of musicians:duo,duet,duplet
   Number of years:biennium

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishsecunde,second,secound,secund, borrowed fromOld Frenchsecond,seond, fromLatinsecundus(“following, next in order”), from root ofsequor(“I follow”), fromProto-Indo-European*sekʷ-(“to follow”).Doublet ofsecund andsecundo. Displaced nativetwoth and partially displaced nativeother (fromOld Englishōþer(“other; next; second”)).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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second (notcomparable)

  1. Number-two; following after thefirst one with nothing between them.The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal numbertwo.
    He lives onSecond Street.
    Thesecond volume in "The Lord of the Rings" series is called "The Two Towers".
    He became thesecond player to hit 50000 runs for his county.
    You take the first one, and I'll have thesecond.
    • 1963,Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC,page249:
      The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen.[…]Thesecond note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man's private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.
    • 2021 April 25, John Malathronas, “Which languages are easiest – and most difficult – for native English speakers to learn?”, inCNN‎[2]:
      Malay is the lingua franca of several Southeast Asia countries and has been simplified by its use as asecond language by non-native speakers.
      For example, the Malay plural is formed by repeating a word twice – buku means book and buku-buku means books.
    • 2022, “2023 Laws of Chess”, inFIDE‎[3], page21:
      Consequently, in the initial position the white pieces and pawns are placed on the first andsecond ranks; the black pieces and pawns on the eighth and seventh ranks.
  2. Next to the first in value, power, excellence, dignity, or rank;secondary;subordinate;inferior.
  3. Being of the same kind as one that haspreceded;another.
    Residents of Texas prepared for Hurricane Harvey, which would in some ways turn out to become thesecond Hurricane Katrina.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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terms derived fromsecond (adjective)
Translations
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second (numeral)—see also2nd
that comes after the first
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

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second (notcomparable)

  1. (with superlative) After the first; at the secondrank.
    Saturn is thesecond largest planet in the solar system.
  2. After the firstoccurrence but before the third.
    He is battingsecond today.
Translations
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at the second rank
after first occurrence

Noun

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second (pluralseconds)

  1. Something that is number two in aseries.
  2. Something that is next in rank,quality,precedence, position, status, or authority.
  3. The place that is next below or after first in a race or contest.
  4. (usually in theplural) Amanufactured item that, though still usable, fails to meetquality control standards.
    They were discounted because they contained blemishes, nicks or were otherwise factoryseconds.
  5. (usually in theplural) An additional helping of food.
    That was good barbecue. I hope I can getseconds.
  6. A chance or attempt to achieve what should have been done the first time, usually indicating success this time around. (Seesecond-guess.)
    • 2003, Sheila Ryan Wallace,The Sea Captain and His Ladies‎[4], page22:
      The policeman smiled, his eyes twinkling. "Now if you'll follow me, I'll escort you to the Victoria."
      "Oh, there's no need of that. If you'll just point me in the right direction..."
      That's what got you in trouble the first time around. You don't need asecond.
    • 2009, Paulette Jiles,Stormy Weather‎[5], page37:
      Smoky Joe ran against a Houston horse named Cherokee Chief.
      “Don't hit him,” Jeanine said to the jockey. “Maybe once. But you don't get asecond.”
    • 2011, Karen Miller,The Innocent Mage‎[6]:
      I'll have one chance to show them that's no longer true. One chance ... and if I stumble, I'll not get asecond.
  7. (music) The interval between two adjacent notes in adiatonic scale (either or both of them may be raised or lowered from the basic scale via any type ofaccidental).
  8. Thesecond gear of an engine.
  9. (baseball)Second base.
  10. The agent of a party to an honour dispute whose role was to try to resolve the dispute or to make the necessary arrangements for a duel.
    • 1936,Dale Carnegie, ‘If You Want to Gather Honey, Don’t Kick Over the Beehive’ (part 1, chapter 1), inHow to Win Friends and Influence People:
      Since he[i.e.,Abraham Lincoln] had very long arms, he chose cavalry broadswords and took lessons in sword fighting from a West Point graduate; and, on the appointed day, he and[James] Shields met on a sandbar in the Mississippi River, prepared to fight to the death; but, at the last minute, theirseconds interrupted and stopped the duel.
    • 2016 October 31, Owen Bowcott, “Appeal court upholds 'joint enterprise' guilty verdicts”, inThe Guardian‎[7]:
      Joint enterprise law dates back to at least the 16th century. It was later developed to deter duelling by makingseconds and doctors liable for murder.
  11. ACub Scout appointed to assist thesixer.
    Synonym:seconder
    • 1995, Boy Scouts of Canada. National Council,The Cub Book:
      Many packs have a sixer's council where the sixers, and sometimes theseconds, meet with Akela and some of the other leaders.
  12. (informal) Asecond-classhonours degree.
    • 2004, William H. Cropper,Great Physicists, page454:
      [Stephen Hawking][…] would go to Cambridge, he said, if they gave him a first, and stay at Oxford if they gave him asecond. He got a first.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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number two in a series
one that is next in rank
place next below first in a race or contest
manufactured item that fails to meet quality control standards
additional helping of food
another chance to achieve what should have been done the first time
music: interval between two adjacent notes
second gear
baseball: second base

Verb

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second (third-person singular simple presentseconds,present participleseconding,simple past and past participleseconded)

  1. (Should wemove, merge or split(+) this sense?)(transitive) Toagree as a second person to (a proposal), usually to reach a necessaryquorum oftwo. (Seeetymology 3 for translations.)
    Isecond the motion.
    • 2017,Critics Pick the TV Shows That Get Mental Health Right — IndieWire Survey‎[8]:
      Thoughseconding (or fifthing) the praise for “BoJack Horseman” and “In Treatment,” I think I’ll use the majority of my space to discuss “You’re the Worst.”
  2. To follow in the next place; tosucceed.
    • 1655,Thomas Fuller,The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […],→OCLC,(please specify |book=I to XI):
      In the method of nature, a low valley is immediatelyseconded with an ambitious hill.
    • 1692–1717,Robert South,Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume(please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
      Sin is usuallyseconded with sin.
  3. (climbing) Toclimb after alead climber.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to follow in the next place
to agree

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishsecunde,seconde, borrowed fromOld Frenchseconde, fromMedieval Latinsecunda, short forsecunda pars minuta(“second diminished part (of the hour)”).

Alternative forms

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  • (SI unit of time):(abbreviations)s,sec;(symbols)s(SI and non-scientific usage),sec(in non-scientific usage only)
  • (unit of angle):(abbreviations)arcsec,"

Pronunciation

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Noun

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second (pluralseconds)

A light flashing approximately once per second
  2. A unit of time historically and commonly defined as a sixtieth of aminute which the International System of Units more precisely defines as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods ofradiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels ofcaesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature ofabsolute zero and at rest.
    Alternative forms:s(SI symbol),sec(non-SI symbol)
    Holonyms:decasecond <minute <hectosecond <kilosecond <hour <day <week <megasecond <fortnight <month <year <gigasecond <century <kiloannum,kiloyear,millennium <terasecond <mega-annum,megayear <petasecond <giga-annum,gigayear <exasecond <zettasecond <yottasecond <ronnasecond <quettasecond
    Meronyms:quectosecond <rontosecond <yoctosecond <zeptosecond <attosecond <femtosecond <picosecond <nanosecond <microsecond <millisecond <centisecond <decisecond
    • 2021 July 1, Gregory McNamee, “Does spinach make you strong? Ask Popeye – and science”, inCNN‎[9]:
      For this reason, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that spinach be cooked at 160º for 15seconds, which kills potentially fatal bacteria.
  3. A unit ofangle equal to one-sixtieth of aminute of arc or one part in 3600 of adegree.
    Synonyms:arcsecond,second of arc
  4. (informal) A short,indeterminate amount of time.
    Synonyms:instant,jiffy,sec;see alsoThesaurus:moment
    I'll be there in asecond.
    • 2020,L. William Zahner, “Corrosion Characteristics”, inAluminum Surfaces: a Guide to Alloys, Finishes, Fabrication and Maintenance in Architecture and Art, John Wiley & Sons,→ISBN,→OCLC, page287:
      Exposure of aluminum to the air causes a near instantaneous oxide. So rapid is the oxidation that it is safe to say you never see aluminum that has no oxide on its surface... The initial exposure of aluminum, regardless of alloy, will form a thin oxide film on the surface thesecond it is exposed.
Derived terms
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Terms derived from any of the above NOUN SENSES
Translations
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one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time
unit of angular measure
short, indeterminate amount of time
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
See also
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Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Frenchseconder, fromLatinsecundō(“assist, make favorable”).

Pronunciation

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Transfer temporarily
Assist, Agree

Verb

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second (third-person singular simple presentseconds,present participleseconding,simple past and past participleseconded)

  2. (transitive, UK) To transfer temporarily to alternative employment.
    Synonym:detail
    The army officer wasseconded while he held civil office.
    • 1961 October, “Talking of Trains: Last of the M.S.W.J.R.”, inTrains Illustrated, pages585–586:
      Things changed quickly from 1892 when Sam Fay wasseconded from the L.S.W.R. as General Manager & Secretary.
    • 1998,Paul Leonard, chapter 9, inDreamstone Moon:
      Daniel had still been surprised, however, to find the lab area deserted, all the scientists apparentlyseconded by Cleomides's military friends.
  3. (transitive) Toassist orsupport; toback.
  4. (Should wemove, merge or split(+) this sense?)(transitive) Toagree as a second person to (a proposal), usually to reach a necessaryquorum oftwo. (This may come frometymology 1 above.)
    Isecond the motion.
  5. (transitive, music) To accompany by singing as the second performer.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to temporarily transfer employment
to assist, support, back
to agree as a second person

Noun

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second (pluralseconds)

  1. One who supports another in acontest orcombat, such as adueller's assistant.
    • 1820, Pierce Egan,Sporting Anecdotes‎[10], page414:
      The dogs however parted, and after a little handling by theirseconds immediately returned to the charge
    • 1973, Frank Brady,Bobby Fischer: Profile of a Prodigy‎[11], page201:
      They find ways to take advice from theirseconds or they arrange the schedule against you as they did to me in the finals of the 1962 World Tournament
    • 1992, Mark W. Janis,International Courts for the Twenty-First Century‎[12], page10:
      Vaguely reminiscent of the use of "seconds" among duelists, this provision required that the two hostile nations stop threatening each other and, instead, to let two appointed countries (their "seconds") try and solve their difficulties
    • 2009, David Brakke,Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early ...‎[13]:
      Theodore's practice is described as a model for the housemasters and theirseconds
  2. One who supports or seconds amotion, or the act itself, as required in certain meetings to pass judgement etc.
    If we want the motion to pass, we will need asecond.
  3. (obsolete)Aid;assistance; help.
    • 1608, J. Fletcher,The Faithful Shepherdess:
      Givesecond, and my love / Is everlasting thine.
Translations
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attendant of a duel or boxing match standing in for a contestant
one who agrees in addition

Further reading

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References

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  • “second”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.


Anagrams

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French

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frenchsecunt,second,segont, borrowed as a semi-learned term fromLatinsecundus(“second”); related tosequi(“follow”).Doublet ofson(“bran”), which was inherited.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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French numbers(edit)
20
 ←  123  → 
   Cardinal:deux
   Ordinal:deuxième,second
   Ordinalabbreviation:2e,2d,(nonstandard)2ème
   Multiplier:double
   Fractional:demi,moitié
French Wikipedia article on2

second (feminineseconde,masculine pluralseconds,feminine pluralsecondes)

  1. second
    laSeconde Guerre mondiale ―Second World War(only two are considered)
    uneseconde possibilité ―asecond possibility,another possibility
    • 1863,Théophile Gautier,Le Capitain Fracasse:
      « Chiquita! Chiquita! » À laseconde appellation, une fillette maigre et hâve[…] s'avança vers Agostin.
      "Chiquita! Chiquita!" At thesecond call, a thin and emaciated little girl […] came up to Agostin

Usage notes

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For added “precision and elegance”, theFrench Academy says it's possible to usesecond when only two items are being considered, reservingdeuxième for other situations, i.e. when more than two items are being considered;[1] although this rule is not mandatory.[1] The Academy however advises against ever replacingsecond withdeuxième in fixed idioms such asde seconde main orseconde nature.[1]

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Noun

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second m (pluralseconds)

  1. assistant,first mate
    Synonyms:adjoint,aide,assistant
    • 1874, Gobineau,Pléiades:
      Je m'attachai aux pas de miss Harriet et lui servis desecond dans le classement du linge.
      I followed Miss Harriet and assisted her in sorting the linen.

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ↑1.01.11.2“Second / Deuxième”, inAcadémie française‎[1] (in French), 5 January 2012

Anagrams

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Middle English

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Adjective

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second

  1. alternative form ofsecunde(“after the first”)

Noun

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second

  1. alternative form ofsecunde(“after the first”)

Old French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinsecundus.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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second m (oblique and nominative feminine singularseconde)

  1. second

Declension

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Casemasculinefeminineneuter
singularsubjectsecondssecondesecond
obliquesecondsecondesecond
pluralsubjectsecondsecondessecond
obliquesecondssecondessecond

Descendants

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Scots

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Scots numbers(edit)
 ←  123  → 
   Cardinal:twa
   Ordinal:second

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishsecunde,second,secound,secund, borrowed fromOld Frenchsecond,seond, fromLatinsecundus(“following, next in order”), from root ofsequor(“I follow”), fromProto-Indo-European*sekʷ-(“to follow”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈsikənt],[ˈsekənt]

Adjective

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second

  1. second

References

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