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sam

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "sam"

Translingual

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Symbol

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sam

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forSamaritan Aramaic.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishsammen,samnen, fromOld Englishsamnian,ġesamnian(to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean), fromProto-West Germanic*samnōn, fromProto-Germanic*samnōną(to gather), fromProto-Indo-European*sem-(one). Cognate withDutchzamelen(to collect),Germansammeln(to collect, gather),Swedishsamla(to gather, collect),Icelandicsamna(to gather, collect). More atsame.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sam (third-person singular simple presentsams,present participlesamming,simple past and past participlesammed)

  1. (transitive, UK dialectal) Toassemble.
  2. (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bringtogether;join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
  3. (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together;collect; put in order;arrange.
  4. (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble;come together.
  5. (transitive, UK dialectal) Tocoagulate;curdle (milk).
Usage notes
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishsām(together), fromOld Englishsamen(together), fromProto-West Germanic*saman, fromProto-Germanic*samanai(together), fromProto-Indo-European*sem-(together, one).

Adverb

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sam (notcomparable)

  1. (obsolete)Together

Etymology 3

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FromMiddle Englishsam-(prefix), fromOld Englishsam-, fromProto-Germanic*sēmi-(half), fromProto-Indo-European*sēmi-(half). Related tosemi- (viaLatin).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sam (notcomparable)

  1. (dialectal)Half or imperfectly done.
  2. (of food) Half-heated.
Related terms
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Etymology 4

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Possibly fromUncle Sam.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sam (pluralsams)

  1. (slang) Federal narcotics agent.

Anagrams

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Atong (India)

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bodo-Garo*sam¹(grass). Related toGarosamsi,Garosam.

Noun

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sam (Bengali scriptসাম)

  1. grass;weed
  2. medicine
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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sam- (Bengali scriptসাম)

  1. towait

Etymology 3

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Classifier

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sam- (Bengali scriptসাম)

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires

References

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Charrua

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Numeral

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sam

  1. two

References

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  • El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
  • Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
  • Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor),Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62

Chuukese

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Noun

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sam

  1. father

Garo

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Bodo-Garo*sam¹(grass). Related toAtong (India)sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. grass;herb
  2. medicine
  3. curry

Etymology 2

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Classifier

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sam

  1. used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.

Further reading

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  • Burling, R. (2003)The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon[2],Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page275

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions ofsam – see (“three; theother woman; theother man; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofsam – see (“unlinedgarment;shirt;top; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofsam – see.
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).
For pronunciation and definitions ofsam – see (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”).
(This term is thepe̍h-ōe-jī form of).

Lhao Vo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Sino-Tibetan*g-sum(three). Cognate withBurmeseသုံး(sum:,three).

Numeral

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sam

  1. three

References

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  • Dr. Ola Hanson,A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).

Macanese

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Verb

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sam

  1. Alternative form ofsâm

Maltese

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Root
s-w-m
3 terms

Etymology

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FromArabicصامَ(ṣāma).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sam (imperfectjsum,active participlesajjem,verbal nounsawm)

  1. tofast

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofsam
positive forms
singularplural
1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
perfectmsomtsomtsamsomnasomtusamu
fsamet
imperfectmnsumssumjsumnsumussumujsumu
fssum
imperativesumsumu

Mizo

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*sham, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*(t)sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. hair(of the head)
  2. antenna(of insects)

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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sam

  1. easy,simple

Nga La

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*sham, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*(t)sam.

Noun

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sam

  1. hair (of the head)

References

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  • Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*samos(summer) (compareWelshhaf), fromProto-Indo-European*sm̥-h₂-ó- (compareOld Englishsumor,Old Armenianամառն(amaṙn)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sam m (genitive unattested,no plural)

  1. summer

Inflection

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Masculine o-stem
singulardualplural
nominativesam
vocativesaim
accusativesamN
genitivesaimL
dativesamL
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Synonyms

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Mutation

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Mutation ofsam
radicallenitionnasalization
samṡamunchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Old Norse

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Verb

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sam

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofsama

Old Polish

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Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*sem-
    Proto-Indo-European*somh₁ós
    Proto-Slavic*samъ
    Old Polishsam

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*samъ. First attested in the 14th century.

    Pronunciation

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    Pronoun

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    sam

    1. alone,by oneself, withoutcompany
    2. myself,yourself,himself, etc.(emphaticdeterminer, used similarly to "no other than" or "thevery", as in "I myself")
    3. The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European*ḱe
      Proto-Indo-European*ís
      Proto-Indo-European*ḱís
      Proto-Balto-Slavic*śis
      Proto-Slavic*sь
      Proto-Slavic*-mo
      Proto-Slavic*sěmo
      Old Polishsam

      Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.

      Pronunciation

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      Adverb

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      sam

      1. here;hither
      Descendants
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      References

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      • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. sam”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
      • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. sam”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

      Phalura

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      Etymology

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      (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

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      Adverb

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      sam (Perso-Arabic spellingسم)

      1. equally

      References

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      • Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “sam”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN

      Polish

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      Pronunciation

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      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes:-am
      • Syllabification:sam

      Etymology 1

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        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European*sem-
        Proto-Indo-European*somh₁ós
        Proto-Slavic*samъ
        Old Polishsam
        Polishsam

        Inherited fromOld Polishsam.

        Adjective

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        sam (not generallycomparable,comparativebardziejsam,superlativenajbardziejsam,no derived adverb)

        1. alone(oneself without company)
        2. alone(oneself without help)

        Adverb

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        sam (not generallycomparable,comparativebardziejsam,superlativenajbardziejsam)

        1. alone,by oneself, withoutcompany
          Synonyms:osobno,samodzielnie
        2. (Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland, Kuyavia)here(at this place)
          Synonyms:tu,tutaj
          Alternative forms:(dialectal)sa,(dialectal)samoj

        Particle

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        sam

        1. emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself";oneself
          Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, asama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.
          Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while sheherself put on a dress with a deep neckline.
          Poszedł dosamego końca.
          He went to thevery end.
        2. byoneself,alone(by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)
        Declension
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        Declension ofsam (irregular)
        singularplural
        masculine animatemasculine inanimatefeminineneutervirile (= masculine personal)non-virile
        nominativesamsamasamosamisame
        genitivesamegosamejsamegosamych
        dativesamemusamejsamemusamym
        accusativesamegosamsamąsamosamychsame
        instrumentalsamymsamąsamymsamymi
        locativesamymsamejsamymsamych
        Derived terms
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        adjectives
        adverbs
        nouns
        particles
        Related terms
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        adjectives
        adverb
        nouns
        verbs

        Etymology 2

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          Etymology tree
          Polishsam

          Clipping ofsklep samoobsługowy.

          Alternative forms

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          Noun

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          sam inan

          1. (colloquial)self-serviceshop
            Synonym:sklep samoobsługowy
          Declension
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          Declension ofsam
          singularplural
          nominativesamsamy
          genitivesamusamów
          dativesamowisamom
          accusativesamsamy
          instrumentalsamemsamami
          locativesamiesamach
          vocativesamiesamy

          Trivia

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          According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

          References

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          1. ^Ida Kurcz (1990) “sam”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page518

          Further reading

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          • sam inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • sam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
          • SAM_I”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
          • SAM_II”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
          • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sam”, inSłownik języka polskiego
          • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sam”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
          • J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page11
          • sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
          • Stanisław Ciszewski (1916) “sam”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, inPrace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page98
          • Władysław Matlakowski (1892) “sam”, inSłownik wyrazów ludowych zebranych w Czerskiem i na Kujawach (in Polish), Kraków: nakł. Akademii Umiejętności; Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego pod zarządem A. M. Kosterkiewicza, page16

          Rohingya

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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          (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

          Noun

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          sam (Hanifi spelling𐴏𐴝𐴔)

          1. skin
            Synonym:samra

          Romani

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          Verb

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          sam

          1. first-personpluralpresentindicative ofsi

          Serbo-Croatian

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          Etymology 1

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          Inherited fromProto-Slavic*samъ, fromProto-Indo-European*somHós.

          Adjective

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          sȃm (Cyrillic spellingса̑м,definitesȃmī)

          1. alone,sole
          2. unaided,single-handed
          3. absolute,very,mere,unmixed
          4. solitary,secluded
          Declension
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          indefinite forms
          singularmasculinefeminineneuter
          nominativesamsamasamo
          genitivesamasamesama
          dativesamusamojsamu
          accusativeinanimate
          animate
          sam
          sama
          samusamo
          vocativesamsamasamo
          locativesamusamojsamu
          instrumentalsamimsamomsamim
          pluralmasculinefeminineneuter
          nominativesamisamesama
          genitivesamihsamihsamih
          dativesamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          accusativesamesamesama
          vocativesamisamesama
          locativesamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          instrumentalsamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          definite forms
          singularmasculinefeminineneuter
          nominativesamisamasamo
          genitivesamog(a)samesamog(a)
          dativesamom(u/e)samojsamom(u/e)
          accusativeinanimate
          animate
          sami
          samog(a)
          samusamo
          vocativesamisamasamo
          locativesamom(e/u)samojsamom(e/u)
          instrumentalsamimsamomsamim
          pluralmasculinefeminineneuter
          nominativesamisamesama
          genitivesamihsamihsamih
          dativesamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          accusativesamesamesama
          vocativesamisamesama
          locativesamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          instrumentalsamim(a)samim(a)samim(a)
          Alternative forms
          [edit]
          • sȃm

          Etymology 2

          [edit]

          Inherited fromProto-Slavic*(j)esmь, fromProto-Balto-Slavic*esmi, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésmi.

          Verb

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          sȁm (Cyrillic spellingса̏м)

          1. first-personsingularpresent tenseenclitic form ofbiti.
            Tusam. — I'm here.

          Silesian

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          Etymology

          [edit]
            Etymology tree
            Proto-Indo-European*ḱe
            Proto-Indo-European*ís
            Proto-Indo-European*ḱís
            Proto-Balto-Slavic*śis
            Proto-Slavic*sь
            Proto-Slavic*-mo
            Proto-Slavic*sěmo
            Old Polishsam
            Silesiansam

            Inherited fromOld Polishsam.

            Pronunciation

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            Pronoun

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            sam

            1. here
              Synonym:tukej
            2. hither

            Further reading

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            • sam in silling.org

            Slovene

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            Etymology

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            FromProto-Slavic*samъ, fromProto-Indo-European*somHós.

            Pronunciation

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            Adjective

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            sȃm (notcomparable)

            1. alone,sole
            2. unaided,single-handed,by oneself

            Inflection

            [edit]
            Thediacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
            Hard
            masculinefeminineneuter
            nom. sing.sámsámasámo
            singular
            masculinefeminineneuter
            nominativesámind
            sámidef
            sámasámo
            genitivesámegasámesámega
            dativesámemusámisámemu
            accusativenominativeinan or
            genitive
            anim
            sámosámo
            locativesámemsámisámem
            instrumentalsámimsámosámim
            dual
            masculinefeminineneuter
            nominativesámasámisámi
            genitivesámihsámihsámih
            dativesámimasámimasámima
            accusativesámasámisámi
            locativesámihsámihsámih
            instrumentalsámimasámimasámima
            plural
            masculinefeminineneuter
            nominativesámisámesáma
            genitivesámihsámihsámih
            dativesámimsámimsámim
            accusativesámesámesáma
            locativesámihsámihsámih
            instrumentalsámimisámimisámimi

            Derived terms

            [edit]

            Further reading

            [edit]
            • sam”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
            • sam”, inTermania, Amebis
            • See also thegeneral references

            Swedish

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            Pronunciation

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            Verb

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            sam

            1. pastindicative ofsimma

            Anagrams

            [edit]

            Vietnamese

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            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            Highly unlikely due to irregular sound change.Possibly fromProto-Mon-Khmer*kt₁aam(crab) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. CompareVietnameseđam(field crab) andLingaosam¹(horseshoe crab).

            Noun

            [edit]

            (classifiercon) sam (,,𧏰,𧓰,𪓫)

            1. ahorseshoe crab
              đuôi sama horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait
            See also
            [edit]

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            (classifiercây) sam ()

            1. common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
              Synonym:rau sam

            Ye'kwana

            [edit]

            Alternative forms

            [edit]

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Ideophone

            [edit]

            sam

            1. zooming
            2. (of food)stinging,biting

            References

            [edit]
            • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “samm”, inGrammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[4], Lyon, page166

            Zhuang

            [edit]
            Zhuang cardinal numbers
             <  234  > 
               Cardinal :sam

            Etymology

            [edit]

            FromProto-Tai*saːm(three), fromMiddle Chinese (MC sam, “three”). Cognate withThaiสาม(sǎam),Northern Thaiᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ,Laoສາມ(sām),ᦉᦱᧄ(ṡaam),Tai Damꪎꪱꪣ,Shanသၢမ်(sǎam),Tai Nüaᥔᥣᥛᥴ(sáam),Ahom𑜏𑜪(saṃ),Bouyeisaaml.

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Numeral

            [edit]

            sam (1957–1982 spellingsam)

            1. three
            Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=sam&oldid=84285429"
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