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sad

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "sad"
Languages (21)
Translingual • English
Azerbaijani • Cebuano • Czech • Danish • Gothic • Livonian • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Old Saxon • Polish • Romanian • Scots • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Tat • Turkish • Wakhi • Welsh
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation ofEnglishSandawe.

Symbol

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sad

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forSandawe.

See also

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English

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Etymology 1

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

FromMiddle Englishsad, fromOld Englishsæd(satisfied, full, sated, unable to handle more, weary), fromProto-West Germanic*sad, fromProto-Germanic*sadaz(sated, satisfied), fromProto-Indo-European*seh₂-(to satiate, satisfy).

Cognate toSaterland Frisiansääd,West Frisiansêd,Dutchzat,German Low Germansatt,Germansatt.

The interjection sense is a reference to frequent usage of the word as an interjection inthe tweets ofDonald Trump, President of the United States (2017–2021; aTrumpism.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sad (comparativesadderormoresad,superlativesaddestormostsad)

  1. (heading)Emotionally negative.
    1. Feelingsorrow;sorrowful,mournful.
      Synonyms:depressed,down in the dumps,glum,melancholy;see alsoThesaurus:sad
      Antonyms:cheerful,gleeful,happy,upbeat;see alsoThesaurus:happy
      She getssad when he's away.
    2. Appearingsorrowful.
      The puppy had asad little face.
      • 2010 February, Eric Rentschler,Itoh's Ghost[1], iUniverse,→ISBN,→OCLC, page54:
        We need asad man. Give us asad man.” Tomo gave the look of asad man, then followed with the body of asad man. “That's it, more of that. can you manufacture a mole right here? Yes, a very ugly mole. Right here, on the chin.[]
    3. Causingsorrow;lamentable.
      Synonyms:deplorable,saddening;see alsoThesaurus:lamentable
      It's asad fact that most rapes go unreported.
      • 1911,G. K. Chesterton,The Ballad of the White Horse:
        The Great Gaels of Ireland are the men that God made mad, / For all their wars are merry and all their songs aresad.
      • 1963,Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC,page249:
        The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen. No one queried it. It was in the classic pattern of human weakness, mean and embarrassing andsad.
    4. Poor in quality,bad;shameful,deplorable; later,regrettable,poor.
      Synonyms:pitiful,sorry;see alsoThesaurus:low-quality
      Antonym:decent
      That's thesaddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.
      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron],Don Juan, London: [] Thomas Davison, [],→OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII,page182:
        Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / Asad old fellow was he, if you please [].
      • 2025 July 16, Luis Prada, “Elon Musk’s Grok AI Now Includes a Pornographic Waifu Chatbot”, inVice[2]:
        Musk is betting that lonely users will trade their cash (and last shreds of their connection to human life) for a bot that is explicitly designed to flirt withsad men, as thesaddest man on Earth spearheaded it.
    5. Of colours:dark,deep; later,sombre,dull.
      Synonyms:seeThesaurus:dim,Thesaurus:dark colour
      • 1650,Thomas Browne, “Compendiously of Sundry Other Common Tenents, Concerning Minerall and Terreous Bodies, Which Examined, Prove Either False or Dubious”, inPseudodoxia Epidemica: [], 2nd edition, London: [] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, [],→OCLC, 2nd book,page69:
        []this is either uſed crude, and called ſulphur vive, and is of aſadder colour; or after depuration, ſuch as we have in magdeleons or rols of a lighter yellow.
      • 1679,Izaak Walton,The Life of Bishop Robert Sanderson:
        sad-coloured clothes
      • 1707,J[ohn] Mortimer,The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. [], London: [] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock [], and J[onathan] Robinson [],→OCLC:
        Woad, or wade, is used by the dyers to lay the foundation of many colours, especially allsad colours.
  2. (obsolete)Sated, having had one's fill;satisfied,weary.
  3. (obsolete)Steadfast,valiant.
  4. (obsolete)Dignified,serious,grave.
    Synonyms:staid,stern;see alsoThesaurus:serious
  5. (obsolete)Naughty;troublesome;wicked.
    Synonyms:mischievous,roguish,vexatious
    • 1859, Ferna Vale,Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:
      Mr. Santon laughed, and merely said,—"Oh, you cruel beauty!" returning to his paper again; but, seated in the bay-window was one, who could not thus lightly look upon the conduct of the coquettish Winnie, for it was evident she was asad coquette.
    • 1860,Isaac Taylor, “Essay III. Modern Advancements and Lay Inventors.”, inUltimate Civilization and Other Essays, London:Bell and Daldy [],→OCLC, section IX,page227:
      In ſuch places, it would not be doubted, that a grim Daniel Scroggins, and an aproned Sam Smith, might be found—ſad tipſy fellows, both of them, to whoſe ingenuity this or that mechanical improvement had been due.
  6. (slang)Unfashionable; sociallyinadequate orundesirable.
    I can't believe you use drugs; you're sosad!
    You’d have to be reallysad to wear a shirt like that.
  7. (dialect)Soggy (to refer to pastries).
  8. (obsolete)Heavy;weighty;ponderous;close;hard.
    sad bread
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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of colours: dark, sombre, dull
feeling sorrow
appearing sorrowful
causing sorrow, lamentable
poor in quality, deplorable
slang: socially inadequate or undesirable
dialect: soggyseesoggy
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
Further reading
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Verb

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sad (third-person singular simple presentsads,present participlesadding,simple past and past participlesadded)

  1. (transitive, archaic) To makemelancholy; tosadden orgrieve (someone).
    • 16??, John Webster,Appius and Virginia
      My father's wondrous pensive, and withal / With a suppress'd rage left his house displeas'd, / And so in post is hurried to the camp: / Itsads me much; to expel which melancholy, / I have sent for company.

Interjection

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sad

  1. (Internetslang, sometimes humorous)Expressingcontempt,ridicule ordisgust;bah!

Etymology 2

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Noun

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sad (pluralsads)

  1. Alternative form ofsaad(Arabic letter).

Anagrams

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Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromArabicصَاد(ṣād).

Noun

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sad (definite accusativesadı,pluralsadlar)

  1. the Arabic letterص

Declension

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Declension ofsad
singularplural
nominativesadsadlar
definite accusativesadısadları
dativesadasadlara
locativesaddasadlarda
ablativesaddansadlardan
definite genitivesadınsadların
Possessive forms ofsad
nominative
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımsadlarım
sənin(your)sadınsadların
onun(his/her/its)sadısadları
bizim(our)sadımızsadlarımız
sizin(your)sadınızsadlarınız
onların(their)sadı orsadlarısadları
accusative
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımısadlarımı
sənin(your)sadınısadlarını
onun(his/her/its)sadınısadlarını
bizim(our)sadımızısadlarımızı
sizin(your)sadınızısadlarınızı
onların(their)sadını orsadlarınısadlarını
dative
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımasadlarıma
sənin(your)sadınasadlarına
onun(his/her/its)sadınasadlarına
bizim(our)sadımızasadlarımıza
sizin(your)sadınızasadlarınıza
onların(their)sadına orsadlarınasadlarına
locative
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımdasadlarımda
sənin(your)sadındasadlarında
onun(his/her/its)sadındasadlarında
bizim(our)sadımızdasadlarımızda
sizin(your)sadınızdasadlarınızda
onların(their)sadında orsadlarındasadlarında
ablative
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımdansadlarımdan
sənin(your)sadındansadlarından
onun(his/her/its)sadındansadlarından
bizim(our)sadımızdansadlarımızdan
sizin(your)sadınızdansadlarınızdan
onların(their)sadından orsadlarındansadlarından
genitive
singularplural
mənim(my)sadımınsadlarımın
sənin(your)sadınınsadlarının
onun(his/her/its)sadınınsadlarının
bizim(our)sadımızınsadlarımızın
sizin(your)sadınızınsadlarınızın
onların(their)sadının orsadlarınınsadlarının

Further reading

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  • sad” inObastan.com.

Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation:sad

Adverb

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sad

  1. (focus)also;too
  2. (after a negative)either

Czech

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sad
CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Czechsad, fromProto-Slavic*sadъ.

Noun

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sad inan (diminutivesádek)

  1. orchard
Declension
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Declension ofsad (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadů
dativesadusadům
accusativesadsady
vocativesadesady
locativesadu,saděsadech
instrumentalsademsady
Derived terms
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adjectives
nouns

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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sad

  1. genitiveplural ofsada

Further reading

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Danish

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Verb

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sad

  1. past ofsidde

Gothic

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Romanization

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sad

  1. romanization of𐍃𐌰𐌳

Livonian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*sato.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑˀd/,[ˈsɑˀd̥]

Noun

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sa’d

  1. precipitation;hail,rain,snow, etc.

Declension

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Declension ofsa’d (76)
singular(ikšlu’g)plural(pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative(nominatīv)sa’dsadūd
genitive(genitīv)sa’dsadūd
partitive(partitīv)sa’ddõsadīdi
dative(datīv)sa’ddõnsadūdõn
instrumental(instrumentāl)sa’dkõkssadūdõks
illative(illatīv)sa’ddõsadīž
inessive(inesīv)sa’dsõsadīs
elative(elatīv)sa’dstõsadīst

References

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  • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “sa’d”, inLīvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Lower Sorbian

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sad

Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*sadъ(plant, garden). Cognate withUpper Sorbiansad,Polishsad(orchard),Czechsad(orchard),Russianсад(sad,orchard, garden),Old Church Slavonicсадъ(sadŭ,plant, garden).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sad inan

  1. fruit(food)

Declension

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Declension ofsad
singular (uncountable)
Nominativesad
Genitivesada
Dativesadoju
Accusativesad
Instrumentalsadom
Locativesaźe

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Englishsæd, fromProto-West Germanic*sad, fromProto-Germanic*sadaz, fromProto-Indo-European*seh₂-.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sad (plural and weak singularsadde,comparativesaddere,superlativesaddest)

  1. sated,weary(having had enough)[from 9th c.]
  2. firm,solid,hard:[from 14th c.]
    1. steady,enduring
    2. intense,powerful,severe
    3. secure(inspiringtrust)
    4. dense,thick,tightly-packed
  3. considered,thoughtful,serious[from 14th c.]
  4. sad(inspiring or havingsorrow)[from 14th c.]
  5. authentic,true,genuine[from 15th c.]
  6. (of colors)dark,deep[from 15th c.]
Related terms
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Descendants
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Adverb

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sad (comparativesaddere)

  1. firmly,solidly,steadily
  2. strongly,intensely
  3. seriously,consideredly
  4. sadly(in asorrowful way)
Descendants
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  • English:sad(dialectal)
  • Scots:sad

References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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sad

  1. (Early Middle English, Essex)alternative form ofseed(seed)

Etymology 3

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Verb

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sad

  1. alternative form ofsaden

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*sad, fromProto-Germanic*sadaz, fromProto-Indo-European*seh₂-(to satiate, satisfy).

Adjective

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sad (comparativesadoro,superlativesadost)

  1. full,sated,satiated
  2. weary

Declension

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Declension ofsad
Strong declension
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominativesadsadsadsadesadusade
accusativesadanasadsadasadesadusade
genitivesadessadessadarosadarōsadarōsadarō
dativesadumusadumusadarosadumsadumsadum
Weak declension
singularplural
masculineneuterfeminine
nominativesadosadasadasadu
accusativesadunsadasadunsadun
genitivesadunsadunsadunsadonō
dativesadunsadunsadunsadum
Comparative forms ofsad (weak only)
singularplural
masculineneuterfeminine
nominativesadorosadorasadorasadoru
accusativesadorunsadorasadorunsadorun
genitivesadorunsadorunsadorunsadoronō
dativesadorunsadorunsadorunsadorum
Superlative forms ofsad
Strong declension
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominativesadostsadostsadostsadostesadostesadostu
accusativesadostanasadostsadostasadostesadostesadostu
genitivesadostessadostessadostarosadostarōsadostarōsadostarō
dativesadostumusadostumusadostarosadostumsadostumsadostum
Weak declension
singularplural
masculineneuterfeminine
nominativesadostosadostasadostasadostu
accusativesadostunsadostasadostunsadostun
genitivesadostunsadostunsadostunsadostonō
dativesadostunsadostunsadostunsadostum

Descendants

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  • Middle Low Germansat

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl
sad

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sadъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sad inan (diminutivesadek,related adjectivesadowy)

  1. (agriculture, horticulture)orchard(land for cultivation of fruit or nut trees)

Declension

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Declension ofsad
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadów
dativesadowisadom
accusativesadsady
instrumentalsademsadami
locativesadziesadach
vocativesadziesady

Derived terms

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noun

Related terms

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adjective
noun

Related terms

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verb

Further reading

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  • sad inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • sad in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromOld Church Slavonicсадъ(sadŭ).

Noun

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sad n (pluralsaduri)

  1. (dated)orchard

Declension

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singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativesadsadulsadurisadurile
genitive-dativesadsaduluisadurisadurilor
vocativesadulesadurilor

Scots

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishsad, fromOld Englishsæd.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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sad (comparativesadder,superlativesaddest)

  1. grave,serious
  2. strange,remarkable
  3. sad

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sьda,*sьgoda, composed of*sь(this) +*goda((right) time, year).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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sȁd (Cyrillic spellingса̏д)

  1. now
  2. currently
  3. presently

Etymology 2

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sȃd

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sadъ. CompareRussianсад(sad).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sȃd anim (Cyrillic spellingса̑д)

  1. plant nursery,plantation,orchard (specialized facility rather than a home garden)
  2. aseedling orsapling from a plant nursery
Declension
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Declension ofsad
singularplural
nominativesadsadovi
genitivesadasadova
dativesadusadovima
accusativesadasadove
vocativesadesadovi
locativesadusadovima
instrumentalsadomsadovima

References

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  • sad”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2026
  • sad”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2026

Slovak

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SlovakWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediask

Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sadъ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sad inan (genitivesingularsadu,nominativepluralsady,genitivepluralsadov,declension pattern ofdub)

  1. garden,orchard,plantation

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofsad
(patterndub)
singularplural
nominativesadsady
genitivesadusadov
dativesadusadom
accusativesadsady
locativesadesadoch
instrumentalsadomsadmi

Derived terms

[edit]
adjectives
nouns

Further reading

[edit]
  • sad”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2026

Slovene

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Alternative forms

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  • ſad(Bohorič alphabet)

Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*sȃdъ(plant, garden), fromProto-Balto-Slavic*sādas. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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sȃd inan

  1. (archaic or literary)fruit
    Synonyms:sadež,plod
  2. (literary)result,outcome
    Synonyms:rezultat,izraz,odraz,pridobitev,otrok,output,posledica,produkt,plod
  3. (obsolete)child, young directoffspring
    Synonyms:otrok,dete,froc,malček,otroček,otročič,otročiček,otrokec,pamž,pestovanček,pestovanec,spestovanec
    Antonyms:starš,roditelj,rodnik,starši
    Zdrava, Marija, milosti polna, Gospod je s Teboj, blagoslovljena si med ženami in blagoslovljen jesad Tvojega telesa Jezus.Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou amongst women, and blessed is thefruit of thy womb, Jesus.
  4. (literary, rare)consequence
    Synonyms:posledica,nasledek,nastopek,posledek,plod

Usage notes

[edit]

Unlikeplod,sad is used more when the edibility is stressed, rather than the seeds it contains.

Declension

[edit]
First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , long mixed accent, ending -u in genitive singular
nom. sing.sȃd
gen. sing.sadȗ
singulardualplural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
sȃdsadȏvasadȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik
sadȗsadóvsadóv
dative
dajȃlnik
sȃdu,sȃdisadȏvoma,sadȏvamasadȏvom,sȃdȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik
sȃdsadȏvasadȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sȃdu,sȃdisadȏvihsadȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sȃdomsadȏvoma,sadȏvamasadȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
sȃdsadȏvasadȏvi



First masculine declension (hard o-stem, inanimate, -ov- infix) , fixed accent
nom. sing.sȃd
gen. sing.sȃda
singulardualplural
nominative
imenovȃlnik
sȃdsadȏvasadȏvi
genitive
rodȋlnik
sȃdasadóvsadóv
dative
dajȃlnik
sȃdu,sȃdisadȏvoma,sadȏvamasadȏvom,sȃdȏvam
accusative
tožȋlnik
sȃdsadȏvasadȏve
locative
mẹ̑stnik
sȃdu,sȃdisadȏvihsadȏvih
instrumental
orọ̑dnik
sȃdomsadȏvoma,sadȏvamasadȏvi
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik)
sȃdsadȏvasadȏvi


Derived terms

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • sad”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • sad”, inTermania, Amebis
  • See also thegeneral references

Tat

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Cognate withPersianصد(sad).

Numeral

[edit]

sad

  1. hundred

Turkish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOttoman Turkishصاد(sâd), fromArabicصَاد(ṣād).

Noun

[edit]

sad

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet:ص

Alternative forms

[edit]

Wakhi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

CompareTajikсад(sad).

Numeral

[edit]

sad

  1. hundred

Welsh

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromMiddle Englishsad(firm, steady, serious).

Adjective

[edit]

sad (feminine singularsad,pluralsad,equativesaded,comparativesadach,superlativesadaf,not mutable)

  1. firm,steady,stable
    Synonyms:cadarn,diysgog,disyfl,sefydlog,solet
  2. dependable,steadfast
    Synonyms:dianwadal,dibynadwy

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “sad”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “sad”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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