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person		singular			plural
infinitive			saber
gerund			sabent
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sabut		sabuda
		plural		sabuts		sabudes
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sé	saps	sap	sabem	sabeu	saben
	imperfect	sabia	sabies	sabia	sabíem	sabíeu	sabien
	future	sabré	sabràs	sabrà	sabrem	sabreu	sabran
	preterite	sabí	saberes	sabé	sabérem	sabéreu	saberen
	conditional	sabria	sabries	sabria	sabríem	sabríeu	sabrien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sàpiga	sàpigues	sàpiga	sapiguem	sapigueu	sàpiguen
	imperfect	sabés	sabessis	sabés	sabéssim	sabéssiu	sabessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	sàpiga	sàpiga	sapiguem	sapigueu	sàpiguen
	negative (no)	—	no sàpigues	no sàpiga	no sapiguem	no sapigueu	no sàpiguen

Derived terms

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Related terms

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sabor

Noun

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saber m (pluralsabers)

knowledge,know-how

References

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“saber” inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
“saber”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025
“saber” inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
“saber” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

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Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portuguesesaber, fromLatinsapere(“taste, know”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /saˈbeɾ/[s̺aˈβ̞eɾ]
Rhymes:-eɾ

Verb

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saber (first-person singular presentsei,first-person singular preteritesouben,past participlesabido)
saber (first-person singular presentsei,first-person singular preteritesoubemorsoube,past participlesabido,reintegrationist norm)

toknow (a fact)
to know how to do (something)
Val máissaber que ter(proverb)
Better toknow than to have
tofind out
(intransitive) totaste, to have a taste
Sabe ben! ―Ittastes good!
(pronominal) tolike,enjoy
A minsábeme o caldo. ―Ilike broth / Ilike this broth.

Usage notes

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Like Portuguese and Spanish, Galician has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to know”. The verbsaber relates to factual knowledge and skills. In contrast, the verbcoñecer relates to familiarity with people or places.

Conjugation

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Currently, it is not known where the first person singular form that is currently used for the present indicative, "sei", originates from.

Conjugation ofsaber (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el /ela /Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles /elas /Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	saber
Personal	saber	saberes	saber	sabermos	saberdes	saberen
Gerund
	sabendo
Past participle
Masculine	sabido			sabidos
Feminine	sabida			sabidas
Indicative
Present	sei	sabes	sabe	sabemos	sabedes	saben
Imperfect	sabía	sabías	sabía	sabiamos	sabiades	sabían
Preterite	souben	soubeches	soubo	soubemos	soubestes	souberon
Pluperfect	soubera	souberas	soubera	souberamos	souberades	souberan
Future	saberei	saberás	saberá	saberemos	saberedes	saberán
Conditional	sabería	saberías	sabería	saberiamos	saberiades	saberían
Subjunctive
Present	saiba	saibas	saiba	saibamos	saibades	saiban
Imperfect	soubese	soubeses	soubese	soubésemos	soubésedes	soubesen
Future	souber	souberes	souber	soubermos	souberdes	souberen
Imperative
Affirmative		sabe	saiba	saibamos	sabede	saiban
Negative (non)		non saibas	non saiba	non saibamos	non saibades	non saiban

Reintegrated conjugation ofsaber (irregular) (SeeAppendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti /tu)	Third-person (ele /ela /você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles /elas /vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	saber
Personal	saber	saberes	saber	sabermos	saberdes	saberem
Gerund
	sabendo
Past participle
Masculine	sabido			sabidos
Feminine	sabida			sabidas
Indicative
Present	sei	sabes	sabe	sabemos	sabedes,sabeis	sabem
Imperfect	sabia	sabias	sabia	sabíamos	sabíades,sabíeis,sabíais¹	sabiam
Preterite	soubem,soube	soubeste,soubeche¹	soubo,soube	soubemos	soubestes	soubérom,souberam
Pluperfect	soubera	souberas	soubera	soubéramos	soubérades,soubéreis,soubérais¹	souberam
Future	saberei	saberás	saberá	saberemos	saberedes,sabereis	saberám,saberão
Conditional	saberia	saberias	saberia	saberíamos	saberíades,saberíeis,saberíais¹	saberiam
Subjunctive
Present	saiba	saibas	saiba	saibamos	saibades,saibais	saibam
Imperfect	soubesse	soubesses	soubesse	soubéssemos	soubéssedes,soubésseis	soubessem
Future	souber	souberes	souber	soubermos	souberdes	souberem
Imperative
Affirmative		sabe	saiba	saibamos	sabede,sabei	saibam
Negative (nom)		nom saibas	nom saiba	nom saibamos	nom saibades,nom saibais	nom saibam

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

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seica

Related terms

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sabor

Noun

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saber m (pluralsaberes)

knowledge,know-how

References

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Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “saber”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “saber”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “saber”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “saber”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “saber”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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(Standard Indonesian)IPA^(key): /ˈsabər/[ˈsa.bər]
Rhymes:-abər
Syllabification:sa‧ber

Etymology 1

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Noun

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saber (uncountable)

(politics)Acronym ofsapu bersih.

Derived terms

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saber pungli

Etymology 2

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Borrowed fromMalay[Term?] (Bangka dialect).

Noun

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saber (uncountable)

(dialect)the technique of catching fish by damming a river using wood

Occitan

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Alternative forms

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saupre

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Occitansaber, fromVulgar Latin*sapēre, fromLatinsapĕre(“taste, know”).

Pronunciation

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Audio(Béarn): (file)

Verb

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saber

toknow
Antonym:ignorar

Conjugation

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Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		saber			aver sauput
gerund		sabent			use gerund ofavent + past participle
past participle		sauput			—
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	sabi,sai	sabes,sas	sap	sabèm	sabètz	sabon
	imperfect	sabiái	sabiás	sabiá	sabiam	sabiatz	sabián
	preterite	saupèri	saupères	saupèt	saupèrem	saupèretz	saupèron
	future	sauprai	saupràs	sauprà	sauprem	saupretz	saupràn
	conditional	saupriái	saupriás	saupriá	saupriam	saupriatz	sauprián
	conditional 2nd form¹
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense ofaver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense ofaver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense ofaver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense ofaver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense ofaver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	sàpia	sàpias	sàpia	sapiam	sapiatz	sàpian
	imperfect	saupèsse	saupèsses	saupèsse	saupèssem	saupèssetz	saupèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive ofaver + past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive ofaver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
imperative			sap		sapiam	sabètz	¹Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

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sabor

Old Occitan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromVulgar Latin*sapēre, fromLatinsapĕre(“taste, know”).

Verb

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saber

totaste (have a certain taste)
toknow

Noun

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saber m (oblique pluralsabers,nominative singularsabers,nominative pluralsaber)

knowledge

Related terms

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sabor(noun)

Descendants

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Catalan:saber

References

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Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “sapere”, inFranzösisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes11: S–Si,page193

Portuguese

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Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portuguesesaber, fromLatinsapere(“taste, know”).

The verb’s first-person singular conjugation reflects an original*/ˈsajo/, in common with other Romance languages, of uncertain origin. The present subjunctive forms show consonant metathesis:sapiām >*/ˈsajpa/ > Portuguesesaiba.

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /saˈbe(ʁ)/[saˈbe(h)]

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /saˈbe(ʁ)/[saˈbe(h)]
- (São Paulo)IPA^(key): /saˈbe(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key): /saˈbe(ʁ)/[saˈbe(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /saˈbe(ɻ)/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /sɐˈbeɾ/[sɐˈβeɾ]

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /sɐˈbeɾ/[sɐˈβeɾ]
- (Southern Portugal)IPA^(key): /sɐˈbe.ɾi/[sɐˈβe.ɾi]

(Rural Central Brazil)IPA^(key): /sɐˈbe(ɹ)/
Audio(Brazil): (file)
Audio(Brazil): (file)
Audio(Northern Portugal): (file)
Hyphenation:sa‧ber

Verb

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saber (first-person singular presentsei,first-person singular preteritesoube,past participlesabido)

toknow
2. (transitive or intransitive) to beaware, toknow [withdirect object‘a fact’orque(+indicative clausewhen positiveorsubjunctive clausewhen negated)‘that ...’orindirect question]
  Perguntaram-me a resposta, mas eu nãosabia. ―They asked me the answer, but I didn’tknow.
  Sei que é verdade. ―I know it’s true.
4. (transitive) to be aware of a value or piece of information
  - 2003,J. K. Rowling,Lia Wyler,Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page46:
    Olho-Tonto, vocêsabe que isso é nojento, nãosabe?
    Mad-Eye, youknow that this is disgusting, don't you?
  Eusei qual é a capital da Assíria. ―Iknow what is the capital of Assyria.
  Elesabe duzentos algarismos do número neperiano. ―Heknows two hundred digits of Euler’s number.
5. (catenative) toknow how[withinfinitive‘to do something’]
  Nãosei fazer isso, mas elasabe. ―I don’tknow how to do this, but sheknows.
  Sabes falar russo? ―Can you speak Russian?
(intransitive) toknow; to haveheard[withdeorsobre‘about something’]
Soube da explosão que houve no centro? ―Have you heard about the downtown explosion?
(intransitive, Portugal) totaste of/like(to have the same taste as)[witha‘something’]
Um bom vinhosabe a carvalho. ―A good winetastes like oak.
(intransitive, Portugal) to have a pleasanttaste
Comosabe esse vinho! ―How good does this winetaste!
(transitive) tolearn(to become informed of something)
Eles queremsaber mais sobre o projeto. ―They want tolearn more about the project.

Usage notes

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saber does not meanto know in the sense of knowing someone (who they are); for that,conhecer should be used instead.
Although nonstandard, some speakers change the conjugation for the first person singular depending on the meaning of the verb: it is conjugated assei if it meansto know, but assaibo if it meansto taste. Aside from this case, all the other verb forms are homonymous.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofsaber (irregular) (SeeAppendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele /ela /você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles /elas /vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	saber
Personal	saber	saberes	saber	sabermos	saberdes	saberem
Gerund
	sabendo
Past participle
Masculine	sabido			sabidos
Feminine	sabida			sabidas
Indicative
Present	sei	sabes	sabe	sabemos	sabeis	sabem
Imperfect	sabia	sabias	sabia	sabíamos	sabíeis	sabiam
Preterite	soube	soubeste	soube	soubemos	soubestes	souberam
Pluperfect	soubera	souberas	soubera	soubéramos	soubéreis	souberam
Future	saberei	saberás	saberá	saberemos	sabereis	saberão
Conditional	saberia	saberias	saberia	saberíamos	saberíeis	saberiam
Subjunctive
Present	saiba	saibas	saiba	saibamos	saibais	saibam
Imperfect	soubesse	soubesses	soubesse	soubéssemos	soubésseis	soubessem
Future	souber	souberes	souber	soubermos	souberdes	souberem
Imperative
Affirmative		sabe	saiba	saibamos	sabei	saibam
Negative (não)		não saibas	não saiba	não saibamos	não saibais	não saibam

Quotations

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For quotations using this term, seeCitations:saber.

Synonyms

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(to know a value):conhecer
(to know how to do something):conseguir
(to taste of):ter gosto de

Descendants

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Kabuverdianu:sabe
Macanese:sabe
Macau Pidgin Portuguese:撒㗑,撒備,散拜
- → Chinese Pidgin English:savvy,sarby
Papiamentu:sabi
→ Bislama:save
→ Krio:sabi
→ Nigerian Pidgin:sabi
→ Sranan Tongo:sabi
- Aukan:sabi
- Saramaccan:sábi
→ Tok Pisin:save

Noun

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saber m (pluralsaberes)

knowledge;lore(intellectual understanding)
Synonyms:conhecimento,sabedoria

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatinsapere(“taste, know”). CompareEnglishsavvy,savor.

The 1SG reflects an original */ˈsajo/, in common with other Romance languages, of uncertain origin. The present subjunctive forms show consonant metathesis (sapiām > */ˈsajpa/ > Sp.sepa).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /saˈbeɾ/[saˈβ̞eɾ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-eɾ
Syllabification:sa‧ber

Verb

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saber (first-person singular presentsé,first-person singular preteritesupe,past participlesabido)

toknow, tounderstand (a fact)
Sé que volverá. ―Iknow it'll come back.
Lo siguiente quesé... ―Next thing Iknow...
que yosepa ―as far as Iknow
Si túsupieras... ―If youknew...
to know how to do something
Sabe hablar español.
Heknows how to speak Spanish.
(in the preterite tense) tofind out, tolearn
totaste(i.e. have a flavour)
Sabe a pollo. ―Ittastes like chicken.
Estos plátanossaben bien. ―These bananastaste good.
torealize, toknow(i.e. recognize)
El hombre nosabe lo talentoso que su hijo es.
The man doesn'trealize how talented his son is.
totell, toknow(i.e. to discern or distinguish if something is the case)
Siempre es difícilsaber si me mientes.
It's always hard totell if you're lying to me.
(informal) tofigure out
Todavía estamos tratando desaber qué acaba de pasar.
We're still trying tofigure out what just happened.
tohear from[withde‘someone’]
No hesabido nada de ella en meses.
I haven'theard from her in months.
tohear of, tohear about[withde‘something’]
tolearn, tofind out, toknow[withde‘about something’]
(reflexive) to beknown
Yase sabe que uno de los factores que aceleran esta enfermedad es el estrés.
Itis known that one of the factors that speeds up this disease is stress.
(reflexive) toknow(extremely well)
He oído quete sabes todas las líneas de la película de memoria.
I heard that youknow all the lines of the movie by heart.
(colloquial, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru)Synonym ofsoler (in several senses:(auxiliary) to beaccustomed to;(imperfect) toused to)
Synonyms:soler,acostumbrar

Conjugation

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The irregular conjugation ofsaber is the source of two common grammatical errors among Spanish speakers, both of which concern thefirst-person singular present indicative form:

The formsabo is frequent among non-native speakers learning the language, and to a lesser extent also among children who are native speakers^[1] (e.g.*(yo)sabo hablar inglés bien ―Iknow how to speak English well). The correct conjugated form issé (and thus the above example should read(yo)sé hablar inglés bien), and fluent Spanish speakers generally do not make this mistake; this gave rise to the humorous phraseyo no sabo in Spanish and to the derogatory termno sabo kid in English, both terms referring to the lack of fluency in the language.
The formsepo is sometimes found with the meaning "to taste" (e.g.*(yo)sepo a azúcar ―Itaste like sugar), even among fluent Spanish speakers. This usage is proscribed by theRoyal Spanish Academy, who maintain that the conjugation ofsaber is the same regardless of meaning, thus makingsé the correct form in this context as well (i.e.,(yo)sé a azúcar).

Conjugation ofsaber (irregular) (SeeAppendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			saber
gerund			sabiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sabido		sabida
		plural		sabidos		sabidas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sé	sabes^{^tú} sabés^{^vos}	sabe	sabemos	sabéis	saben
	imperfect	sabía	sabías	sabía	sabíamos	sabíais	sabían
	preterite	supe	supiste	supo	supimos	supisteis	supieron
	future	sabré	sabrás	sabrá	sabremos	sabréis	sabrán
	conditional	sabría	sabrías	sabría	sabríamos	sabríais	sabrían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sepa	sepas^{^tú} sepás^{^vos²}	sepa	sepamos	sepáis	sepan
	imperfect (ra)	supiera	supieras	supiera	supiéramos	supierais	supieran
	imperfect (se)	supiese	supieses	supiese	supiésemos	supieseis	supiesen
	future¹	supiere	supieres	supiere	supiéremos	supiereis	supieren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sabe^{^tú} sabé^{^vos}	sepa	sepamos	sabed	sepan
	negative		no sepas	no sepa	no sepamos	no sepáis	no sepan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayanvoseo prefers thetú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms ofsaber (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitivesaber	dative	saberme	saberte	saberle,saberse	sabernos	saberos	saberles,saberse
with infinitivesaber	accusative	saberme	saberte	saberlo,saberla,saberse	sabernos	saberos	saberlos,saberlas,saberse

with gerundsabiendo	dative	sabiéndome	sabiéndote	sabiéndole,sabiéndose	sabiéndonos	sabiéndoos	sabiéndoles,sabiéndose
with gerundsabiendo	accusative	sabiéndome	sabiéndote	sabiéndolo,sabiéndola,sabiéndose	sabiéndonos	sabiéndoos	sabiéndolos,sabiéndolas,sabiéndose

with informal second-person singulartú imperativesabe	dative	sábeme	sábete	sábele	sábenos	not used	sábeles
with informal second-person singulartú imperativesabe	accusative	sábeme	sábete	sábelo,sábela	sábenos	not used	sábelos,sábelas

with informal second-person singularvos imperativesabé	dative	sabeme	sabete	sabele	sabenos	not used	sabeles
with informal second-person singularvos imperativesabé	accusative	sabeme	sabete	sabelo,sabela	sabenos	not used	sabelos,sabelas

with formal second-person singular imperativesepa	dative	sépame	not used	sépale,sépase	sépanos	not used	sépales
with formal second-person singular imperativesepa	accusative	sépame	not used	sépalo,sépala,sépase	sépanos	not used	sépalos,sépalas

with first-person plural imperativesepamos	dative	not used	sepámoste	sepámosle	sepámonos	sepámoos	sepámosles
with first-person plural imperativesepamos	accusative	not used	sepámoste	sepámoslo,sepámosla	sepámonos	sepámoos	sepámoslos,sepámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperativesabed	dative	sabedme	not used	sabedle	sabednos	sabeos	sabedles
with informal second-person plural imperativesabed	accusative	sabedme	not used	sabedlo,sabedla	sabednos	sabeos	sabedlos,sabedlas

with formal second-person plural imperativesepan	dative	sépanme	not used	sépanle	sépannos	not used	sépanles,sépanse
with formal second-person plural imperativesepan	accusative	sépanme	not used	sépanlo,sépanla	sépannos	not used	sépanlos,sépanlas,sépanse

Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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^Kathryn Henn-Reinke (2012) “Riverview Elementary School, San Diego, California: Education in Spanish, English, and Mandarin Chinese”, inConsidering Trilingual Education (Routledge Research in Education), New York, N.Y., London:Routledge,→ISBN, page149: “The correct response is <<Yo sé>>, but the error in generalization of this irregular verb is also typical of children who are native speakers of Spanish.”

Noun

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saber m (pluralsaberes)

knowledge

Derived terms

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Descendants

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→ English:savvy(via some creole or pidgin)
→ Ido:savar
→ Sabir:sabir

Movatterモバイル変換

English

Pronunciation

Noun

Verb

Translations

Anagrams

Asturian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

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Catalan

Alternative forms

Etymology

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Verb

Conjugation

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Noun

See also

References

Galician

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

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See also

Noun

References

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

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Etymology 2

Noun

Further reading

Occitan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

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Old Occitan

Etymology

Verb

Noun

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Descendants

References

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Quotations

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Descendants

Noun

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Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

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Related terms

References

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants