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run

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "run"

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation ofEnglishKirundi.

Symbol

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run

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forKirundi.

English

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 Run on Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishrunnen,rennen(to run), alteration (due to the past participlerunne,runnen,yronne) ofMiddle Englishrinnen(to run), fromOld Englishrinnan,iernan(to run) andOld Norserinna(to run), both fromProto-Germanic*rinnaną(to run) (compare also*rannijaną(to make run)), fromProto-Indo-European*h₃reyH-(to boil, churn).

Cognate withScotsrin(to run),West Frisianrinne(to walk, march),Dutchrennen(to run, race),Alemannic Germanränne(to run),Germanrennen(to run, race),rinnen(to flow),Danishrende(to run),Swedishränna(to run),Swedishrinna(to flow),Icelandicrenna(to flow). Non-Germanic cognates includeAlbanianrend(to run, run after). Seerandom.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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A runner running (sense 1.7)
Women running (sense 1.7) in a 100-meter foot race

run (third-person singular simple presentruns,present participlerunning,simple pastran,past participlerunor(nonstandard, colloquial)ran)

  1. To move swiftly.
    1. (intransitive) Tomove forwardquickly upontwofeet by alternately making a shortjump off either foot.
      Coordinate term:walk
      Run, and you might still catch the train!
      • 1967,Barbara Sleigh,Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published1993,→ISBN, page122:
        Through the open front doorran Jessamy, down the steps to where Kitto was sitting at the bottom with the pram beside him.
      • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:run.
    2. (intransitive) Togo at afast pace; to movequickly.
      I have beenrunning all over the building looking for him.
      Sorry, I've got torun; my house is on fire!
    3. (transitive) To cover (a course or a distance) by running.
      I canrun a mile, but I can'trun the cross-country course.
    4. (transitive) To complete a running course or event in (a given time).
      I was hoping to make the team, but I didn'trun the qualifying time.
    5. (intransitive) To move briskly or smoothly with a motion of sliding, rolling, sweeping etc.
      The shuttleruns back and forth on these rollers.
      As its name suggests, the monorailruns on a single rail.
      I felt her fingersrunning over my cheek.
    6. (transitive) Tocause to movequickly orlightly.
      Every day Irun my dog across the field and back.
      I'll justrun the vacuum cleaner over the carpet.
      Run your fingers through my hair.
      Run a flag up (the pole/mast)
    7. (transitive or intransitive) Tocompete in arace.
      The horse willrun in the Preakness next year.
      I'm not ready torun a marathon.
      The car could not be repaired in time for the race and did notrun.
    8. (transitive) Totransport (someone or something), notionally at a brisk pace.
      Could yourun me over to the store?
      Pleaserun this report upstairs to director's office.
    9. (transitive, intransitive) Of a means of transportation: totravel (aroute).
      The bus (train, plane, ferry boat, etc)runs between Newport and Riverside.
      • 1997, Karl-Heinz Reger, Nelles Verlag Staff,Malaysia - Singapore - Brunei, Hunter Publishing, Inc,→ISBN, page91:
        Small planesrun between Alor and Langkawi. BUS: Express busses leave the bus terminal on the corner of Jl. Langgar and Jl. Stesyen for K. Kedah, []
      • 2013 April 15, Mary Ann Sternberg,Along the River Road: Past and Present on Louisiana's Historic Byway, LSU Press,→ISBN, page62:
        The first steam ferry or tug, the Little Minnie,ran the river in the 1870s. When vehicles were to cross, a barge was affixed to the Minnie to carry them.
    10. (transitive) To cause (a vehicle) to travel a route.
      • 202411, David Peter Alan, “NJ Transit Runs Special Trains to “Railroad Museum[for a day]””, inLackawanna Coalition Railgram[2]:
        This year, NJ Transit allowed nonmotorists[] to reach the event byrunning special trains every 2 hours 4 round trips). The location was the old Lackawanna Railroad freight house, about a 10-minute walk from the Boonton Station, which normally has service only during peak-commuting hours on weekdays.
    11. (transitive) Totransit (a length of a river), as inwhitewater rafting.
      • 1979, United States. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Region,Piedra River: Final Environmental Impact Statement & Wild & Scenic River Study, page74:
        To put it frankly, if you people had to hire others to run the river and survey it for you, if, in short, you can't evenrun it yourself, why do think you can decide who is and who is not competent? River running, as has been []
    12. (intransitive) Of fish, tomigrate forspawning.
    13. (American football, transitive or intransitive) To carry (afootball) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking.
      • 2019 December 29, Chad Finn, “24 thoughts on the Patriots’ loss to the Dolphins”, inBoston Globe[3]:
        Then, on their second possession, Isaiah Fordran for 11 yards after abandoning a flea flicker. [...] The Patriotsran the ball just 27 times despite averaging 5 yards per carry.
    14. (intransitive) Toflee from adanger or towards help.
      Whenever things get tough, she cuts andruns.
      When he's broke, heruns to me for money.
      When the alarm went off, the thief dropped the booty andran.
    15. (figurative, transitive) Topass (withoutstopping), typically a stopsignal,stop sign, orduty toyield theright of way.
      The car in front justran a red light.
      If you have a collision with a vehicle oncoming from the right, after havingrun priority to the right, you are at fault.
    16. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a patterncontinuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.
  2. (fluids) To flow.
    1. (intransitive) Of aliquid, toflow.
      The riverruns through the forest into the North Sea.
      There's bloodrunning down your leg.
    2. (intransitive, figuratively) To move orspread quickly.
      There's a strange storyrunning around the neighborhood that you had a miscarriage last year.
      The flu isrunning through my daughter's kindergarten.
    3. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquidflowing from it.
      Your nose isrunning and your forehead isrunning with sweat.
      Why is the hose stillrunning?
      I got tearsrunning down my cheeks because he smoke of cigars makes my eyesrun.
    4. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from or into an object.
      I can't stop my nose fromrunning snot down into my mouth.
      Could yourun a bath for me, please? You'll have torun the water a while before it gets hot.
    5. (intransitive) To becomeliquid; tomelt.
      • 1717 [a. 18CE], Ovid, translated byJoseph Addison,Ovid's Metamorphoses in fifteen books. Translated by the most eminent hands. Adorn'd with sculptures[4], Book the Third, The Story ofNarcissus, page92:
        As Wax dissolves, as Ice begins torun,
      • 1729,John Woodward,An Attempt Towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England, Tome I, page223:
        TheSussex oresrun pretty freely in the Fire for Iron-Ores; otherwise they would hardly be worth working.
    6. (intransitive) Toleak orspread in an undesirable fashion; tobleed (especially used ofdye orpaint).
      During washing, the red from the rugran onto the white sheet, staining it pink.
    7. Tofuse; toshape; tomould; tocast.
      torun bullets
      • 1718,Henry Felton,A Dissertation on Reading the Classics, and Forming a Just Style[5], page 6:
        But, my Lord, the fairest Diamonds are rough till they are polished, and the purest Gold must berun and washed, and sifted in the Oar.
  3. (nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction fromreaching or sailingclose-hauled.
  4. (transitive) Tocontrol ormanage; to be incharge of.
    My uncleran a corner store for forty years.
    Sheruns the fundraising.
    My parents think theyrun my life.
    He isrunning the candidate's expensive campaign.
    • 1972 December 29, Richard Schickel, “Masterpieces underrated and overlooked”, inLife, volume73, number25,page22:
      A friend of mine whoruns an intellectual magazine was grousing about his movie critic, complaining that though the fellow had likedThe Godfather (page 58), he had neglected to label it clearly as a masterpiece.
    • 2013 May 11, “What a waste”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8835, page12:
      India isrun by gerontocrats and epigones: grey hairs and groomed heirs.
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:run.
  5. (intransitive) To be acandidate in anelection.
    I have decided torun for governor of California.
    We're trying to find somebody torun against him next year.
  6. To make participate in certain kinds of competitions.
    1. (transitive) To make enter a race.
      Heran his best horse in the Derby.
      We'rerunning two cars in today's rally.
    2. (transitive) To make stand in an election.
      The Green Party isrunning twenty candidates in this election.
  7. To exert continuous activity; to proceed.
    torun through life; torun in a circle
  8. (intransitive) To bepresented in themedia.
    The story willrun on the 6-o'clock news.
    The latest Robin Williams movie isrunning at the Silver City theatre.
    Her pictureran on the front page of the newspaper.
  9. (transitive) Toprint orbroadcast in the media.
    run a story;run an ad
  10. (transitive) Tosmuggle (illegal goods).
    They arerunning guns to the rebels.
    • 1728, Jonathan Swift, “An answer to a paper, calledA memorial of the poor inhabitants, tradesmen, and labourers of the kingdom of Ireland”, inThe Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published1757, page175:
      [...]whereas in the business of laying heavy impositions two and two never made more than one ; which happens by lessening the import, and the strong temptation ofrunning such goods as paid high duties
  11. (transitive, agriculture) Tosort through a large volume ofproduce inquality control.
    Looks like we're gonna have torun the tomatoes again.
  12. To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
    1. (intransitive) Toextend inspace or through arange (often with a measure phrase).
      The borderruns for 3000 miles.
      The leashruns along a wire.
      The grain of the woodruns to the right on this table.
      Itran in quality from excellent to substandard.
    2. (intransitive) Toextend intime, tolast, tocontinue (usually with a measure phrase).
      The sale willrun for ten days.
      The contractruns through 2008.
      The meetingran late.
      The bookruns 655 pages.
      The speechruns as follows: …
    3. (transitive) To make (something) extend in space.
      I need torun this wire along the wall.
    4. (intransitive) Of amachine, including computerprograms, to beoperating orworking normally.
      My car stoppedrunning.
      That computerruns twenty-four hours a day.
      The buses don'trun on Sundays.
    5. (transitive) To make a machineoperate.
      It's full. You canrun the dishwasher now.
      Don'trun the engine so fast.
  13. (transitive) Toexecute orcarry out aplan,procedure, orprogram.
    Theyran twenty blood tests on me and they still don't know what's wrong.
    Our coach had usrunning plays for the whole practice.
    I willrun the sample.
    Don'trun that software unless you have permission.
    My computer is too old torun the new OS.
  14. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.
    torun from one subject to another
    • 1697, Joseph Addison, “An essay on the Georgics”, inThe Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Aeneis[6], byJohn Dryden:
      Virgil was so well acquainted with this Secret, that to set off his firstGeorgic, he hasrun into a set of Precepts, which are almost foreign to his Subject,
  15. (copulative) To becomedifferent in a way mentioned (usually to becomeworse).
    Our food supplies arerunning low because money isrunning short.
    They frequently overspent and soonran into debt.
    • 1712, Joseph Addison,Cato, a Tragedy, act IV, scene i:
      Have I not cause to rave, and beat my breast, / To rend my heart with grief andrun distracted?
    • 1968,Paul Simon, “The Boxer”:
      I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station /Running scared.
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:run.
  16. (transitive) Tocost an amount of money.
    Buying a new laptop willrun you a thousand dollars.
    Laptopsrun about a thousand dollars apiece.
  17. (intransitive) Ofstitches or stitched clothing, tounravel.
    My stocking isrunning.
  18. (transitive) To cause stitched clothing to unravel.
    • 1977-1980,Lou Sullivan, personal diary, quoted in2019, Ellis Martin, Zach Ozma (editors),We Both Laughed In Pleasure
      He took off the nylons & hadrunned one. He said "now Ireally look like a street whore!"
  19. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
    • 1692,Robert South, “Discourse I. The creation of man in God’s image”, inDiscourses on Various Subjects and Occasions[7], published1827, page 1:
      Torun the world back to its first original and infancy, and, as it were, to view nature in its cradle,
    • 1695,Jeremy Collier, “A Thought”, inMiscellanies upon Moral Subjects by Jeremy Collier[8], page88:
      Methinks, if it might be, I would gladly understand the Formation of a Soul,run it up to itsPunctum Saliens, and see it beat the firstconscious Pulse.
  20. To cause to enter; to thrust.
    torun a sword into or through the body; torun a nail into one's foot
    • 1814, SirWalter Scott,Waverley:
      “Yourun your head into the lion's mouth,” answered Mac-Ivor.
    • 1844,Charles Dickens,The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit:
      With that he took off his great-coat, and havingrun his fingers through his hair, thrust one hand gently in the bosom of his waistcoat
    • 1977,Agatha Christie, chapter 4, inAn Autobiography, part II, London:Collins,→ISBN:
      There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — norunning a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs; [].
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:run.
  21. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
    • 1611,The Holy Bible, [] (King James Version), London: [] Robert Barker, [],→OCLC,Acts27:41:
      Theyran the ship aground.
    • 1691,John Ray,The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation:
      [...]besides all this, a talkative person must needs be impertinent, and speak many idle words, and so render himself burdensome and odious to Company, and may perchancerun himself upon great Inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or other’s Secrets;
    • 1706,John Locke,Of the Conduct of the Understanding[9], Section 24. Partiality:
      [...]and others, accustomed to retired speculations,run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions and the abstract generalities of logic ;
  22. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.
    torun a line
  23. (transitive) To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).
    torun the risk of losing one's life
  24. (transitive, obsolete) To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
  25. (transitive, obsolete) To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
  26. To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
  27. To control or have precedence in a card game.
    Every three or four hands he wouldrun the table.
  28. To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
    • 1722 [1647],Robert Sanderson, translated by Thomas Lewis,A Preservative Against Schism and Rebellion, in the Most Trying Times[10], volume 1, translation ofDe juramenti promissorii obligatione, page355:
      Which Sovereignty, with us, ſo undoubtedly reſideth in the Perſon of the King, that his ordinary StylerunnethOur Sovereign Lord the King:[]
    • 1921,Ben Travers, chapter 5, inA Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.:Doubleday, Page & Company, published1925,→OCLC:
      The departure was not unduly prolonged. In the road Mr. Love and the driver favoured the company with a brief chantyrunning: “Got it?—No, I ain't, 'old on,—Got it? Got it?—No, 'old on sir.”
    • For more quotations using this term, seeCitations:run.
  29. (archaic) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
    • c.1685,William Temple,Upon the Gardens of Epicurus[11], published1908, page27:
      [...]great captains, and even consular men, who first brought them over, took pride in giving them their own names (by which theyrun a great while in Rome)
    • 1603,Richard Knolles,The Generall Historie of the Turkes, [], London: [] Adam Islip,→OCLC:
      Neither was he ignorant what reportran of himselfe.
  30. To have growth or development.
    Boys and girlsrun up rapidly.
    • 1707,J[ohn] Mortimer,The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. [], London: [] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock [], and J[onathan] Robinson [],→OCLC:
      or the Richness of the Ground cause them [turnips] torun too much to Leaves
  31. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
    • 1625,Francis [Bacon], “Of Nature in Men”, inThe Essayes [], 3rd edition, London: [] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret,→OCLC:
      A man's natureruns either to herbs or weeds.
    • 1708, Jonathan Swift, “The Sentiments of a Church-of-England Man with respect to Religion and Government”, inThe Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published1757, page235:
      It hath been observed, that the temperate climates usuallyrun into moderate governments, and the extremes into despotic power.
  32. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
    Certain covenantsrun with the land.
    • c.1665,Josiah Child,Discourse on Trade:
      Customsrun only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interestruns as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.
  33. Toencounter orsuffer (a particular, usually bad,fate ormisfortune).
  34. (golf) To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
  35. (video games, rare) Tospeedrun.
  36. (sports, especially baseball) Toeject from a game or match.
    Jackson got himselfrun in the top of the sixth for arguing a borderline strike three call.
  37. To press (a bank, etc.) with immediate demands for payment.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofrun
infinitive(to)run
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularrunran
2nd-personsingularrun,runnestran,ranst,rannest
3rd-personsingularruns,runnethran
pluralrun
subjunctiverunran
imperativerun
participlesrunningrun

Derived terms

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single words and hyphenated compounds
multiword phrases

Translations

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to move quickly on two feet
to move quickly
to move or spread quickly
to cause to move quickly
to be in charge of
to flow
to have a liquid flowing from
to make a liquid flow
to extend in space or through a range
to sail a boat with the wind coming from behind
to extend in time, to last, to continue
to make something extend in space
of a machine, to be operating normally
to make a machine operate
to execute or carry out a plan, procedure or program
to compete in a race
to be a candidate in an election
to make run in a race
to make run in an election
to be presented in the media
to print or broadcast in the media
to leak, spread or bleed in an undesirable fashion
to become different, usually worse
to pass without stopping or yielding
to transport someone or something
to smuggle illegal goodsseesmuggle
to cost a certain amount of money
of fish, to migrate for spawning
soccer: to carry a football down the field
of stitches, to unravel
to flee away from a danger or towards help
agriculture: to sort through
to control or have precedence in a card game
juggling: to juggle a pattern continuously
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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diagram of stairs, showing therun (sense 18.2)
Stockings with arun (sense 21) in them

run (pluralruns)

  1. Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
    I just got back from my morningrun.
    • 2012 June 9, Owen Phillips, “Euro 2012: Netherlands 0-1 Denmark”, inBBC Sport[12]:
      Krohn-Dehli took advantage of a lucky bounce of the ball after a battlingrun on the left flank by Simon Poulsen, dummied two defenders and shot low through goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg's legs after 24 minutes.
  2. Act or instance ofhurrying (to or from a place)(not necessarily on foot);dash orerrand,trip.
    I need to make arun to the store.
    • 1759, N. Tindal,The Continuation of Mr Rapin's History of England, volume 21 (continuation volume 9), page 92:
      [] and on the 18th of January this squadron put to sea. The first place of rendezvous was the boy of port St. Julian, upon the coast of Patagonia, and all accidents were provided against with admirable foresight. Theirrun to port St. Julian was dangerous []
    • 1987 April 25, Kim Westheimer, “A Black Gay Fireman's Story”, inGay Community News, page 1:
      Jackson said the white firefighters attempted to make him and other Black firefighters missruns by not waking them up along with everyone else.
  3. A pleasure trip.
    Let's go for arun in the car.
  4. Flight, instance orperiod offleeing.
    • 2006, Tsirk Susej,The Demonic Bible,→ISBN, page41:
      During hisrun from the police, he claimed to have a metaphysical experience which can only be described as “having passed through an abyss.”
  5. Migration offish.
  6. A group of fish that migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
  7. A literal or figurative path or course for movement relating to:
    1. A (regular)trip orroute.
      The bus on the Cherry Streetrun is always crowded.
      • 1977,Star Wars (film)
        You've never heard of the Millennium Falcon? It's the ship that made the KesselRun in less than twelve parsecs.
    2. Theroute taken while running or skiing.
      Whichrun did you do today?
    3. (skiing, bobsledding) A single trip down a hill, as inskiing andbobsledding.
    4. The distance sailed by a ship.
      a goodrun; arun of fifty miles
    5. Avoyage.
      arun to China
    6. Atrial.
      The data got lost, so I'll have to perform anotherrun of the experiment.
    7. (mathematics, computing) Theexecution of aprogram ormodel
      This morning'srun of the SHIPS statistical model gave Hurricane Priscilla a 74% chance of gaining at least 30 knots of intensity in 24 hours, reconfirmed by the HMON and GFS dynamical models.
    8. (video games, speedrunning) Aplaythrough, or attempted playthrough; a session of play.
      This was my first successfulrun without losing any health.
      That NPC bugged out and killed myrun.
  8. Unrestricted use.Only used inhave the run of.
    He can have therun of the house.
  9. Anenclosure for an animal; atrack orpath along which something can travel.
    He set up a rabbitrun.
  10. (Australia, New Zealand) Arurallandholding forfarming, usually forrunningsheep, andoperated by arunholder.
  11. State of being current; currency; popularity.
    • 1715 June 5 (Gregorian calendar),Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 45. Wednesday, May 25.[1715.]”, inThe Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; [], volume IV, London: [] Jacob Tonson, [], published1721,→OCLC:
      It is impossible for detached papers[...] to have a generalrun, or long continuance, if they are not diversified[...].
  12. Something continuous or sequential.
    1. A continuous period (of time) marked by a trend; a period marked by a continuing trend.
      I’m having arun of bad luck.
      He went to Las Vegas and spent all his money over a three-dayrun.
      • 1795–1797,Edmund Burke, “(please specify |letter=1 to 4)”, in[Letters on a Regicide Peace], London: [Rivington]:
        They who made their arrangements in the firstrun of misadventure [...] put a seal on their calamities.
      • 2011 June 28, Piers Newbery, “Wimbledon 2011: Sabine Lisicki beats Marion Bartoli”, inBBC Sport[13]:
        German wildcard Sabine Lisicki conquered her nerves to defeat France's Marion Bartoli and take her amazing Wimbledonrun into the semi-finals.
    2. A series of tries in a game that were successful.
      If our team can keep up their strong defense, expect them to make arun in this tournament.
    3. A production quantity (such as in a factory).
      Yesterday we did arun of 12,000 units.
      The book’s initial pressrun will be 5,000 copies.
    4. The period of showing of a play, film, TV series, etc.
      Therun of the show lasted two weeks, and we sold out every night.
      It is the last week of our French cinemarun.
    5. (slang) A period of extended (usuallydaily) drug use.
      • 1964,The Velvet Underground,Heroin:
        And I'll tell ya, things aren't quite the same / When I'm rushing on myrun.
      • 1975, Lloyd Y. Young, Mary Anne Koda-Kimble, Brian S. Katcher,Applied Therapeutics for Clinical Pharmacists:
        Frank Fixwell, a 25 year-old male, has been on a heroin "run" (daily use) for the past two years.
      • 1977, Richard P. Rettig, Manual J. Torres, Gerald R. Garrett,Manny: a criminal-addict's story, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH)→ISBN
        I was hooked on dope, and hooked bad, during this whole period, but I was also hooked behind robbery. When you're on a heroinrun, you stay loaded so long as you can score.
      • 2001, Robin J. Harman,Handbook of Pharmacy Health Education, Pharmaceutical Press,→ISBN, page172:
        This can develop quite quickly (over a matter of hours) during a cocainerun or when cocaine use becomes a daily habit.
      • 2010, Robert DuPont,The Selfish Brain: Learning from Addiction, Hazelden Publishing,→ISBN, page158:
        DA depletion leads to the crash that characteristically ends a cocainerun.
    6. (card games) A sequence ofcards in asuit in a card game.
    7. (music) Arapidpassage inmusic, especially along ascale.
  13. A flow ofliquid; aleak.
    The constantrun of water from the faucet annoys me.
    arun of must in wine-making
    the firstrun of sap in a maple orchard
  14. (chiefly eastern North Midland US, especially Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia) A smallcreek or part thereof.(Compare Southern USbranch and New York and New Englandbrook.)
    The military campaign near that creek was known as "The battle of BullRun".
  15. Aquickpace, faster than awalk.
    He broke into arun.
    1. (of horses) A fastgallop.
  16. (banking) A sudden series of demands on abank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.
    Financial insecurity led to arun on the banks, as customers feared for the security of their savings.
  17. Any sudden largedemand for something.
    There was arun on Christmas presents.
  18. Various horizontal dimensions or surfaces
    1. The top of astep on astaircase, also called atread, as opposed to therise.
    2. The horizontal length of a set of stairs
    3. (construction)Horizontaldimension of aslope.
  19. A standard or unexceptional group or category.
    He stood out from the usualrun of applicants.
  20. In sports
    1. (baseball) Ascore when arunner touches allbases legally; the act of a runner scoring.
    2. (cricket) The act of passing from onewicket to another; thepoint scored for this.
    3. (American football) A running play.
      [...]one of the greatestruns of all time.
      • 2003, Jack Seibold,Spartan Sports Encyclopedia, page592:
        Aaron Roberts added an insurance touchdown on a one-yardrun.
    4. (golf) The movement communicated to a golf ball by running it.
    5. (golf) The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.
    6. The distance drilled with abit, in oil drilling.
      • 1832,Records and Briefs of the United States Supreme Court, page21:
        Well, when you compare the cone type with the cross roller bit, you get a longerrun, there is less tendency of the bit to go flat while running in various formations. It cleans itself better.
  21. A line ofknitstitches that haveunravelled, particularly in anylonstocking.
    I have arun in my stocking.
    • 1975,Joni Mitchell, “The Boho Dance”, inThe Hissing of Summer Lawns:
      A camera pans the cocktail hour / Behind a blind of potted palms / And finds a lady in a Paris dress / Withruns in her nylons
  22. (nautical) Thestern of the underwater body of aship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.
  23. (mining) The horizontal distance to which adrift may be carried, either by licence of theproprietor of amine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which avein ofore or other substance takes.
  24. A pair or set ofmillstones.
  25. One’sgait while running; the way one runs.
    I think they only have a weirdrun because their leg hurts.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) ofhorizontal part of a step):rise,riser
  • (antonym(s) ofhorizontal distance of a set of stairs):rise

Derived terms

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Translations

[edit]
act of running
act or instance of hurrying to or from a place
pleasure trip
instance or period of fleeing
migration of fish
group of fish that migrate
regular trip or route
route taken while running
single trip down a hill
distance sailed by a ship
voyageseevoyage
trialseetrial
computing: execution of a program or model
video games: playthrough, session of play
unrestricted use
enclosure for animals
rural landholding for keeping sheep
state of being popular
continuous period of time marked by a trendsee alsostreak
successful series of tries in a game
production quantity
period of showing of a play, film, TV series, etc.
period of extended drug use
card games: sequence of cards in a suit
music: rapid passage along a scale
flow of liquid
creek
quick pace
fast gallop
sudden series of demands on a financial institution
sudden large demand for something
top of a step on a staircase
horizontal length of a set of stairs
construction: horizontal dimension of a slope
standard or unexceptional group or category
point scored in baseball, cricket or similar games
American football: running play
golf: movement communicated to a golf ball by running it
golf: distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke
distance drilled with a bit
line of unravelled stitches
stern of the underwater body of a ship
mining: horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried
pair or set of millstone
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Adjective

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run (notcomparable)

  1. In aliquid state;melted ormolten.
    Put somerun butter on the vegetables.
    • 1921, L. W. Ferris, H. W. Redfield, W. R. North, “The Volatile Acids and the Volatile Oxidizable Substances of Cream and Experimental Butter”, inJournal of Dairy Science, volume 4, page522:
      Samples of the regularrun butter were sealed in 1 pound tins and sent to Washington, where the butter was scored and examined.
  2. Cast in amould.
    • 1735, Thomas Frankz,A tour through France, Flanders, and Germany: in a letter to Robert Savil, page18:
      [...] the Sides are generally made of Holland's Tiles, or Plates ofrun Iron, ornamented variously as Fancy dictates, [...]
    • 1833,The Cabinet Cyclopaedia: A treatise on the progressive improvement and present state of the Manufactures in Metal, volume 2,Iron and Steel (printed in London), page 314:
      Vast quantities are cast in sand moulds, with that kind ofrun steel which is so largely used in the production of common table-knives and forks.
    • c. 1839, (Richard of Raindale,The Plan of my House vindicated, quoted by) T. T. B. in theDwelling of Richard of Raindale, King of the Moors, published inThe Mirror, number 966, 7 September 1839, page 153:
      For making tea I have a kettle,
      Besides a pan made ofrun metal;
      An old arm-chair, in which I sit well —
      The back is round.
  3. Exhausted;depleted(especially with "down" or "out").
  4. (of a zoology)Travelled,migrated; having made amigration or a spawningrun.
    • 1889, Henry Cholmondeley-Pennell,Fishing: Salmon and Trout, fifth edition, page 185:
      The temperature of the water is consequently much higher than in either England or Scotland, and many newlyrun salmon will be found in early spring in the upper waters of Irish rivers where obstructions exist.
    • 1986, Arthur Oglesby,Fly fishing for salmon and sea trout, page15:
      It may be very much a metallic appearance as opposed to the silver freshness of a recentlyrun salmon.
    • 2005, Rod Sutterby, Malcolm Greenhalgh,Atlantic Salmon: An Illustrated Natural History, page86:
      Thus, on almost any day of the year, a fresh-run salmon may be caught legally somewhere in the British Isles.
  5. Smuggled.
    run brandy

Verb

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run

  1. pastparticiple ofrin

Anagrams

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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run

  1. inflection ofrunnen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative

Gothic

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Romanization

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run

  1. romanization of𐍂𐌿𐌽

Mandarin

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Romanization

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run

  1. nonstandard spelling ofrún
  2. nonstandard spelling ofrùn

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Norman

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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run m (pluralruns)

  1. (nautical)beam(of a ship)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norserún f(rune, secret), fromProto-Norse*ᚱᚢᚾᚢ(*runu/⁠rūnu⁠/), fromProto-Germanic*rūnō. Akin toEnglishroun(secret; rune).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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run f (definite singularruna,indefinite pluralruner,definite pluralrunene)

  1. witchcraft
    takarun på einusewitchcraft on someone
    • 1911, Torkell Mauland,Trolldom [Witchcraft],page147:
      Han [Johan] hadde den hausten lege i trætta med Omund Horpestad um ein kvernastad, og daa hadde han truga med at han skulde takarun paa Omund. So sa i minsto Omund Horpestad daa han bad lensmannen, Mons Øksnavad, stemna Johans til Haugs-tinget ²⁷/₁₁ 1650.
      He [Johans] had that autumn been in a quarrel with Omund Horpestad about a milling place, and had then threatened with usingwitchcraft on Omund. This is at least what Omund Horpestad told when he asked the sheriff, Mons Øksnavad, to subpoena Johans to the Haugating at 27th November 1650.
  2. (chiefly in theplural):
    1. secret or magic aids
    2. rune(a letter of runic alphabet)
      Synonym:rune f

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Female given names:

Male given names:

References

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  • “Runer” in Ivar Aasen (1873)Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old English

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Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*rūnu. Cognate with theOld Saxonrūna,Old High Germanrūna (GermanRaun),Old Norserún, andGothic𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰(runa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rūn f

  1. whisper,counsel,consultation
    • 10th century,The Wanderer:
      Swā cwæð snottor on mōde, · ġesæt him sundor ætrūne.
      So said the wise in mind, sat alone withspeech to himself.
  2. rune,letter
  3. mystery,secret
  4. advice
  5. writing

Declension

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Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativerūnrūna,rūne
accusativerūnerūna,rūne
genitiverūnerūna
dativerūnerūnum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈrun/
  • Rhymes:-un
  • Syllabification:run

Noun

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run n

  1. genitiveplural ofruno

Noun

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run f

  1. genitiveplural ofruna

Anagrams

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Spanish

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Noun

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run m (pluralrunes)

  1. (Honduras)armadillo

Further reading

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Vietnamese

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Etymology

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FromProto-Vietic*-ruːn.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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run (,,,𢹈)

  1. totremble, toshiver (due to cold)

Derived terms

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Related terms

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  • rung(to shake)

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rùn

  1. tosmell; tostink

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rún

  1. tocrumble; toshatter
    Ó tirún wómúwómúIt has completelycrumbled
  2. tochew
    Mo fẹ́rún obìI want tochew a kola nut
  3. tocrinkle; to bewrinkled
    Ṣé ẹ̀wù mi tirún?Are my clothescreased?
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rún

  1. totan(leather)

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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run

  1. todestroy; toruin
  2. toperish
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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run

  1. (withinú) toache
    Inú ńrún un.Her stomach isaching.
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