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ruga

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Ruga,rugá,rugă,rugą,ruĝa,rú ga,andrũga

English

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinrūga(“a crease in the face, wrinkle”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ruga (pluralrugae)

  1. (anatomy, zootomy, botany, usually in theplural) Afold,crease orwrinkle.
    • 1980, Joseph Kenneth Jonathan,The Isotima-complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), page83:
      Female: Face subpolished, weakly rugose,rugae somewhat diverging, at sides sparsely and shallowly punctate;[…]
    • 1997,Thomas Pynchon,Mason & Dixon:
      the deadly water-snakes coil’d together like theRugæ of a single great Brain, the gray and even illumination from the Sky

Derived terms

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Translations

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crease, wrinkle

References

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Anagrams

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Afar

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Ruga (1).

Pronunciation 1

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  • IPA(key): /ˈruɡa/ [ˈɾʊɡʌ]
  • Hyphenation:ru‧ga

Noun

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rúga m (pluralrugaagí f)

  1. malecalf
Declension
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        Declension ofrúga      
absolutiverúga
predicativerúga
subjectiverugí
genitiverugí
  Postpositioned forms
l-caserúgal
k-caserúgak
t-caserúgat
h-caserúgah
Derived terms
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Pronunciation 2

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  • IPA(key): /ruˈɡa/ [ɾʊˈɡʌ]
  • Hyphenation:ru‧ga

Noun

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rugá f (pluralrugaagí f)

  1. femalecalf
Declension
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        Declension ofrugá      
absolutiverugá
predicativerugá
subjectiverugá
genitiverugá
  Postpositioned forms
l-caserugál
k-caserugák
t-caserugát
h-caserugáh

References

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  • E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985),An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN, page183
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015),L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ruga f (pluralrugues)

  1. alternative form ofarruga(“wrinkle”)

Italian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatinruga, fromProto-Indo-European*krewp-(“to become encrusted”), extension of*krew-(“scab”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ruga f (pluralrughe)

  1. wrinkle,line

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Kikuyu

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ruga (infinitivekũruga)

  1. tocook

Derived terms

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(Nouns)

(Verbs)

(Proverbs)

References

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Latin

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Etymology

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FromProto-Italic*rougā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁roug-h₂-(“wrinkle”), related to*h₁rewg-(“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be "to belch" → "to undulate"[1] → "to be rugged" → "crease, wrinkle".[2] Compareructo(“I belch, bring up noisily”). For the development to“street”, compare alsorupta via(literally“path made by force”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rūga f (genitiverūgae);first declension

  1. (usually in theplural) acrease in theface,wrinkle
  2. (transferred sense) acrease,fold,plait,wrinkle,corrugation of any kind
    1. afemalescrew (nut (that fits on a bolt))(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
  3. (EarlyMedieval Latin) astreet[3]
Request for quotationsThis entry needsquotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting,durably archived quotes, then please add them!

Inflection

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First-declension noun.

singularplural
nominativerūgarūgae
genitiverūgaerūgārum
dativerūgaerūgīs
accusativerūgamrūgās
ablativerūgārūgīs
vocativerūgarūgae

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Descendants

References

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  1. ^De Vaan, Michiel (November 2000), “Reconsidering Dutch rups, German Raupe 'caterpillar'”, inAmsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik, volume54, number 1,Brill Publishers, page160:
    The connection between 'to belch' and 'caterpillar' may be the way in which a caterpillar moves forward, viz. by slowly pushing itself foward (sic), first with its hind legs, thus raising the central part of its body to a curve, which is lowered again when the front legs move forward. This movement may easily call into mind the lowering and raising of the Adam's apple when people belch, or retching movements of the throat when vomiting.
  2. ^De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ruga”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages528-29
  3. ^Coromines, Joan;Pascual, José Antonio (1984), “arruga”, inDiccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Spanish), volume I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos,→ISBN, page360

Further reading

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  • “ruga”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ruga”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "ruga", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “ruga”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Polish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈru.ɡa/
  • Rhymes:-uɡa
  • Syllabification:ru‧ga

Etymology 1

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Deverbal fromrugać.

Noun

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ruga f

  1. (colloquial)scolding,slating(criticism)
    Synonym:reprymenda
Declension
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Declension ofruga
singularplural
nominativerugarugi
genitiverugirug
dativerudzerugom
accusativerugęrugi
instrumentalrugąrugami
locativerudzerugach
vocativerugorugi
Related terms
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verbs

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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ruga

  1. third-personsingularpresent ofrugać

Further reading

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  • ruga in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinruga.Doublet ofrua(“street”).

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation:ru‧ga

Noun

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ruga f (pluralrugas)

  1. wrinkle
  2. crease
Related terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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ruga

  1. inflection ofrugar:
    1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatinrogāre, fromProto-Indo-European*h₃roǵ-, ablaut of*h₃reǵ-.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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a ruga (third-person singular presentroagă,past participlerugat,third-person subjunctiveroage) 1st conjugation

  1. (transitive or (obsolete)reflexive) toask politely, to sayplease
    Rugăm pasagerii să își pună centurile de siguranță.
    Weask the passengers to fasten their seatbelts.
  2. (reflexive) topray [withdativeorla‘to’]
  3. (reflexive, informal) to insistently, repeatedly or demeaninglyask,beg[withde‘of’]
    Seroagă de colegi să îi dea tema.
    He isbegging his classmates to give him the homework.
    Nu pot să îmi achit datoria acum; va trebui să mărog de creditori să mă amâne.
    I cannot pay off my debt now; I will have tobeg the creditors to grant me an extension.

Usage notes

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The request is expressed with a secondary clause and never with a direct or indirect object.

Conjugation

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    conjugation ofruga (first conjugation, no infix)
infinitivearuga
gerundrugând
past participlerugat
numbersingularplural
person1st person2nd person3rd person1st person2nd person3rd person
indicativeeutuel/eanoivoiei/ele
presentrogrogiroagărugămrugațiroagă
imperfectrugamrugairugarugamrugațirugau
simple perfectrugairugașirugărugarămrugarățirugară
pluperfectrugasemrugaseșirugaserugaserămrugaserățirugaseră
subjunctiveeutuel/eanoivoiei/ele
presentsărogsărogisăroagesărugămsărugațisăroage
imperative—tu——voi—
affirmativeroagărugați
negativenuruganurugați

Derived terms

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Related terms

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See also

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References

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Sardinian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinrūga.

Noun

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ruga f (pluralrugas)

  1. street
Alternative forms
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Etymology 2

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FromLatineruca.

Noun

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ruga f (pluralrugas)

  1. caterpillar

See also

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Spanish

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Verb

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ruga

  1. inflection ofrugar:
    1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Veps

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*ruka

Noun

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ruga

  1. resin

Inflection

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Inflection ofruga (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing.ruga
genitive sing.rugan
partitive sing.rugad
partitive plur.rugid
singularplural
nominativerugarugad
accusativeruganrugad
genitiveruganrugiden
partitiverugadrugid
essive-instructiveruganrugin
translativerugaksrugikš
inessiverugasrugiš
elativerugaspäirugišpäi
illativerugaharugihe
adessiverugalrugil
ablativerugalpäirugilpäi
allativerugalerugile
abessiverugatarugita
comitativerugankerugidenke
prolativerugadmerugidme
approximative Irugannorugidenno
approximative IIrugannoksrugidennoks
egressiverugannopäirugidennopäi
terminative Irugahasairugihesai
terminative IIrugalesairugilesai
terminative IIIrugassai—
additive Irugahapäirugihepäi
additive IIrugalepäirugilepäi

References

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  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “смола”, inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎[3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
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