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rock

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Rockandröck
Languages (13)
English
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English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishrocke,rokke(rock formation), fromOld English*rocc(rock), as inOld Englishstānrocc(high stone rock, peak, obelisk), and also later fromAnglo-Normanroque, (compare ModernFrenchroc,roche,rocher), fromMedieval Latinrocca (attested 767), of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be ofCeltic (in particular, perhapsGaulish) origin (compareBretonroc'h).[1] Related also toMiddle Low Germanrocke(rock ledge). One suggestion is that it derives from Vulgar Latin *rupica, fromrupes (comparerupico).[2]

Noun

[edit]

rock (countable anduncountable,pluralrocks)

Solid mineral aggregate.
A boulder.
A yellow diamond.
Several rocks of crack cocaine.
  1. A formation ofminerals, specifically:
    1. (uncountable) The naturally occurringaggregate of solidmineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.
      Synonym:stone
      The face of the cliff is solidrock.
      • 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, inThe Economist[1], volume407, number8842, archived fromthe original on1 November 2020, page28:
        Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale.[]Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.
      • 2018 July 17, Autumn Spanne, “Check out these crazy rock formations across the United States”, inCNN[2]:
        This park’s strange and beautifulrock formations were formed by the Yellowstone River and various streams that have cut through therock over millions of years, carving out hoodoos, spires and caprocks. The name Makoshika comes from a Lakota word for badlands.
    2. A mass of stone projecting out of theground orwater.
      The ship crashed on therocks.
      • 2018 July 17, Autumn Spanne, “Check out these crazy rock formations across the United States”, inCNN[3]:
        This enormous, 1.7 million acre property offers hikes to spectacular formations like Metate Arch in Devil’s Garden and the Wahweap Hoodoos, slender, ghostlyrocks that can reach several stories high.
    3. (chiefly UK, Ireland) Aboulder or largestone; or(US, Canada) a smaller stone; apebble.
      Some fool has thrown arock through my window.
    4. (geology) Any natural material with a distinctive composition of minerals.
    5. (colloquial) A preciousstone orgem, especially adiamond.
      Look at the size of thatrock on her finger!
      • 1997, “Mo Money Mo Problems”, inLife After Death, performed byThe Notorious B.I.G. ft. Ma$e and Diddy:
        I call all the shots, rip all the spots / Rock all therocks, cop all the drops
      • 2025 June 27,Marina Hyde, “Anna Wintour has spent decades dictating a certain look for the super-rich. Then along came Lauren”, inThe Guardian[4],→ISSN:
        Here she is, a billionaire’s wife, yet gripped by constant social anxiety, forever agonising that she’d worn her bestrocks to an event that actually called for “patio jewellery” (necklaces $1m or under).
      • 2025 August 12, Sadiba Hasan, “Cristiano Ronaldo and Georgina Rodríguez Are Engaged. All Eyes Are on the Ring.”, inThe New York Times[5], New York, N.Y.:The New York Times Company,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on12 August 2025:
        In an Instagram post on Monday, Georgina Rodríguez, the longtime girlfriend of the soccer superstar Cristiano Ronaldo, shared a photo of a giganticrock on her ring finger.
  2. A large hill or island having no vegetation.
    PearlRock near Cape Cod is so named because the morning sun makes it gleam like a pearl.
  3. (figuratively) Something that is strong, stable, and dependable; a person who provides security or support to another.
  4. A lump orcube ofice.
    I'll have a whisky on therocks, please.
  5. (British, uncountable) A type ofconfectionery made from sugar in the shape of a stick, traditionally having some text running through its length.
    While we're in Brighton, let's get a stick ofrock!
    • 2009, Michela Wrong,It’s Our Turn to Eat: The Story of a Kenyan Whistle Blower:
      Most Kenyans blithely assumed that if the British high commissioner said something, it represented British policy, a thought-through position running from one end of government to the other, like the lettering in a stick of Brightonrock.
  6. (US, slang) Acrystallized lump ofcrack cocaine.
    Synonyms:crack rock,candy
    • 1995, “Dear Mama”, inMe Against the World, performed by 2Pac:
      I ain't guilty, ‘cause even though I sellrocks / It feels good puttin' money in your mailbox
    • 2014, Russell Brand, “Prologue”, inRevolution,→ISBN, page xiii:
      When I necked five-quid bottles of vodka, I did not read the label. When I scoredrocks and bags off tumbleweed hobos blowing through the no-man's-land of Hackney estates, I conducted no litmus test.
  7. (US, slang) An unintelligent person, especially one who repeats mistakes.
  8. (South Africa, slang, derogatory) AnAfrikaner.
  9. (US poker slang) An extremelyconservative player who is willing to play only the verystrongest hands.
  10. Any of severalfish:
    1. Thestriped bass.
    2. Thehuss orrock salmon.
      We orderedrock and chips to take away.
  11. (US, basketball, slang) Abasketball.
    Yo homie, pass therock!
    • 2021 July 14, A. A. Dowd, “Space Jam: A New Legacy is one big, witless commercial forWarner Bros. properties”, inThe A.V. Club[6]:
      It [the originalSpace Jam limped to 88 minutes with detours into Jordan’s swanky mansion and forced its cartoon cavalry to compete for screen time against Wayne Knight and a bunch of basketball players who delivered their lines much less confidently than they put therock through the net.
  12. (US, baseball, slang) Amistake.
    • 2014, Joe Morgan, Richard Lally,Baseball For Dummies, page227:
      Now, you should never make the last out of an inning at third, and when a player does it, everyone knows he pulled arock.
  13. (curling)Synonym ofstone.
  14. (rock paper scissors) A closedhand (ahandshape resembling a rock), that beatsscissors and loses topaper. It beatslizard and loses toSpock inrock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.
  15. (informal, cricket) Acricket ball, especially a new one that has not been softened by use
  16. (CB radio slang) Acrystal used to control the radiofrequency.
    • 1980, Joseph J. Carr,The Complete Handbook of Radio Receivers, page199:
      It was easily possible to double the cost of a CB rig just by adding all of the "rocks" necessary to do the job.
Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Terms derived fromrock (etymology 1)
Translations
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natural mineral aggregate
mass of projecting rock
large stone or boulder
(US) smaller stone; pebbleseepebble
hill or island without vegetation
something strong, stable, and dependable
distinctive composition of minerals
precious stone or gem
lump of ice
confectionery made from sugar
crystallized lump of crack cocaine
unintelligent person
derogative: Afrikaner (for non-derogative terms, see Afrikaner)
poker: extremely conservative player
closed hand in rock paper scissors
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “rock”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^https://www.etymonline.com/word/rock

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishrokken, fromOld Englishroccian, fromProto-West Germanic*rokkōn, fromProto-Germanic*rukkōną, fromProto-Germanic*rukkōną, fromProto-Indo-European*h₃ruknéh₂ti, from*h₃rewk-,*h₃runk-.

See also obsoleteDutchrokken,Middle High Germanrocken(to drag, jerk), ModernGermanrücken(to move, shift),Icelandicrukka(to yank); alsoLatinruncāre(to weed),Latvianrũķēt(to toss, dig).

Verb

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rock (third-person singular simple presentrocks,present participlerocking,simple past and past participlerocked)

  1. (transitive and intransitive) Tomove gentlyback and forth.
    Rock the baby to sleep.
    The empty swingrocked back and forth in the wind.
  2. (transitive) To cause toshake orsway violently.
    Don'trock the boat.
    • 1700,[John] Dryden, “Theodore and Honoria, fromBoccace”, inFables Ancient and Modern; [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [],→OCLC:
      A rising earthquakerocked the ground.
    • 1958 February, Arthur F. Beckenham, “A Journey in the Belgian Congo”, inRailway Magazine, page93:
      The lights ofLuluabourg disappeared, and we were in the blackness of the African night, which was continuously pierced by the showers of red sparks ejected skywards and red hot ashes deposited on the track as the firemanrocked his fire.
  3. (intransitive) To sway ortilt violently back and forth.
    The boatrocked at anchor.
  4. (transitive and intransitive, ofore etc.) To bewashed andpanned in acradle or in arocker.
    The ores had beenrocked and laid out for inspection.
  5. (transitive) Todisturb theemotionalequilibrium of; todistress; to greatlyimpact (most often positively).
    Downing Street has beenrocked by yet another sex scandal.
    Sherocked my world.
  6. (intransitive) Todo well or to be operating at highefficiency.
    • 2012 April 24, Phil Dawkes, “Barcelona 2-2 Chelsea”, inBBC Sport:
      The Blues' challenge had beenrocking at that point, with Terry's centre-back partner Gary Cahill lost to injury and Barca having just levelled the tie through Busquets's neat, close-range finish from Isaac Cuenca's pull-back.
  7. (intransitive, stative) To becool.
    That bandrocks!
  8. (slang, ambitransitive, euphemistic) Tomake love to orhave sex (with).
    I wannarock!
    • 1973, Noddy Holder, Jim Lea, “Cum On Feel the Noize”, performed bySlade:
      Cum on feel the noize, girls,rock your boys.
    • 1974,Andy Kim, “Rock Me Gently”:
      Rock me gently,rock me slowly, take it easy, don't you know, that I have never been loved like this before.
    • 1974, Harry Wayne Casey, Richard Finch, “Rock Your Baby”, performed byGeorge McCrae:
      Open up your heart / And let the loving start / Oh, woman, take me in your arms /Rock your baby.
    • 1980, Jonah Ellis, Alisa Peoples, Cavin Yarbrough, “Don't Stop the Music”, inThe Two of Us, performed byYarbrough and Peoples:
      I just wannarock you, all night long.
    • 1999,Harry Connick Jr., “Come By Me”:
      Try me out, and if you get excited
      Take me home, I'd love to be invited
      Once we're there, I'm sure you'll be delighted
      We couldrock all night
  9. (intransitive) To sway one's body as astim.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Terms derived fromrock (etymology 2)
Translations
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move gently back and forth
cause to shake or sway violently
sway or tilt violently back and forth
be washed and panned
disturb the mental or emotional equilibrium
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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rock (pluralrocks)

  1. An act of rocking; a rocking motion; asway.
Translations
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act of rockingsee alsorocking
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 3

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    Shortened fromrock and roll. Since the meaning ofrock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern,metal-like genre,rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably moreswing-oriented style.

    Noun

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    rock (uncountable)

    1. (music) A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally4/4riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar,bass guitar, drums, keyboards (often), and vocals.
    Hyponyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    style of music

    Verb

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    rock (third-person singular simple presentrocks,present participlerocking,simple past and past participlerocked)

    1. (intransitive) To play, perform, or enjoy rock music, especially with a lot of skill or energy.
      Let'srock!
    2. (intransitive, slang) To be veryfavourable orskilful;excel; befantastic.
      Synonyms:bang,rule;see alsoThesaurus:excel
      Antonyms:stink,suck
      Chocolaterocks.
      My holidays in Ibizarocked! I can't wait to go back.
    3. (transitive) Tothrill orexcite, especially with rock music.
      Let'srock this joint!
    4. (intransitive) To have people dancing and enjoying rock music.
      • 1962, “Monster Mash”,Bobby "Boris" Pickett andLenny Capizzi (lyrics), performed by Bobby (Boris) Pickett and The Crypt-Kickers:
        The scene wasrocking, all were digging the sounds
        Igor on chains, backed by his baying hounds
        The coffin-bangers were about to arrive
        With their vocal group, The Crypt-Kicker Five.
    5. (transitive) Todo something with excitement yet skillfully.
      I need torock a piss.
    6. (transitive) Towear (a piece of clothing, outfit etc.) successfully or with style; tocarry off (a particular look, style).
      Synonym:sport
      • 1997, “Mo Money Mo Problems”, inLife After Death, performed byThe Notorious B.I.G. ft. Ma$e and Diddy:
        I call all the shots, rip all the spots /Rock all the rocks, cop all the drops
      • 2011 April 29, Tim Jonze, “Nerdy but nice”, inThe Guardian[7]:
        Take today, where she'srocking that well-known fashion combo – a Tory Burch outfit offset with a whacking great bruise attained by smacking her head on a plane's overhead lockers.
      • 2012 May 8, “Rhianna dazzles at the Met Gala”, inThe Sun newspaper[8]:
        Rihanna was the pick of the best bunch,rocking a black backless crocodile dress from Tom Ford’s Autumn 2012 collection
    Related terms
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    Translations
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    to play, perform, or enjoy rock music
    slang: to be very favourable or skilful
    to thrill or excite

    Etymology 4

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    FromMiddle Englishrok,rocke,rokke, perhaps fromMiddle Dutchrocke (whenceDutchrokken),Middle Low Germanrocken, orOld Norserokkr (whenceIcelandic /Faroeserokkur,Danishrok,Swedishspinnrock(spinning wheel)). Cognate withOld High Germanrocko(distaff).

    Noun

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    rock (countable anduncountable,pluralrocks)

    1. (countable)Distaff.
      • 1596,Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto II”, inThe Faerie Queene. [], London: [] [John Wolfe] forWilliam Ponsonbie,→OCLC, stanza 48:
        Sad Clotho held therocke, the whiles the thread / By grisly Lachesis was spun with pain, / That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid.
      • 1899, T Frank Waters,The Development of Our Town Government:
        By order of the General Court in 1642, the "prudentiall" men of each town were instructed "to take care of such [children] as are sett to keep cattle be set to some other employment withal, as spinning upon therock, knitting, weaving tape, etc., and that boys and girls be not suffered to converse together so as may occasion any wanton, dishonest or immodest behavior.
      • 1902, Day Otis Kellogg, Thomas Spencer Baynes, William Robertson Smith,The Encyclopaedia Britannica, page664:
        A prepared end of yarn being fixed into the notch, the spinster, by a smart rolling motion of the spindle with the right hand against the right leg, threw it out from her, spinning in the air, while, with the left hand, she drew from therock an additional supply of fibre which was formed into a uniform and equal strand with the right.
      • 1920, John Horner,The Linen Trade of Europe During the Spinning-wheel Period, page32:
        It is true that in Ireland, even in recent years, the flax, before being placed on therock or distaff, was tangled into a mass, or, as Cormmelin expresses it, “drawn out in a flat cake.”
    2. (uncountable) Theflax orwool on adistaff.
    Translations
    [edit]
    distaffseedistaff
    flax or wool on a distaff

    Etymology 5

    [edit]

    Noun

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    rock (pluralrocks)

    1. Archaic form ofroc(mythical bird).

    Anagrams

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    Catalan

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock m (uncountable)

    1. rock,rock music

    Further reading

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    Czech

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock inan

    1. rock(style of music)

    Declension

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    Declension ofrock (velar masculine inanimate)
    singularplural
    nominativerockrocky
    genitiverockurocků
    dativerockurockům
    accusativerockrocky
    vocativerockurocky
    locativerockurocích,rockách
    instrumentalrockemrocky

    Derived terms

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    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.Doublet ofrots.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock m (uncountable,nodiminutive)

    1. rock(style of music)

    Derived terms

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    Finnish

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈrok/,[ˈro̞k]
    • Rhymes:-ok
    • Syllabification(key):rock
    • Hyphenation(key):rock

    Noun

    [edit]

    rock

    1. rock(style of music)

    Declension

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    Inflection ofrock (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
    nominativerockrockit
    genitiverockinrockien
    partitiverockiarockeja
    illativerockiinrockeihin
    singularplural
    nominativerockrockit
    accusativenom.rockrockit
    gen.rockin
    genitiverockinrockien
    partitiverockiarockeja
    inessiverockissarockeissa
    elativerockistarockeista
    illativerockiinrockeihin
    adessiverockillarockeilla
    ablativerockiltarockeilta
    allativerockillerockeille
    essiverockinarockeina
    translativerockiksirockeiksi
    abessiverockittarockeitta
    instructiverockein
    comitativeSee the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms ofrock(Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singularplural
    nominativerockinirockini
    accusativenom.rockinirockini
    gen.rockini
    genitiverockinirockieni
    partitiverockianirockejani
    inessiverockissanirockeissani
    elativerockistanirockeistani
    illativerockiinirockeihini
    adessiverockillanirockeillani
    ablativerockiltanirockeiltani
    allativerockillenirockeilleni
    essiverockinanirockeinani
    translativerockiksenirockeikseni
    abessiverockittanirockeittani
    instructive
    comitativerockeineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singularplural
    nominativerockisirockisi
    accusativenom.rockisirockisi
    gen.rockisi
    genitiverockisirockiesi
    partitiverockiasirockejasi
    inessiverockissasirockeissasi
    elativerockistasirockeistasi
    illativerockiisirockeihisi
    adessiverockillasirockeillasi
    ablativerockiltasirockeiltasi
    allativerockillesirockeillesi
    essiverockinasirockeinasi
    translativerockiksesirockeiksesi
    abessiverockittasirockeittasi
    instructive
    comitativerockeinesi

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    compounds

    Further reading

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    French

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock m (uncountable)

    1. rock(style of music)

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Hungarian

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): [ˈrokː]
    • Hyphenation:rock

    Noun

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    rock (pluralrockok)

    1. (music)rock(style of music)
      Synonym:rockzene

    Declension

    [edit]
    Inflection (stem in-o-, back harmony)
    singularplural
    nominativerockrockok
    accusativerockotrockokat
    dativerocknakrockoknak
    instrumentalrockkalrockokkal
    causal-finalrockértrockokért
    translativerockkárockokká
    terminativerockigrockokig
    essive-formalrockkéntrockokként
    essive-modal
    inessiverockbanrockokban
    superessiverockonrockokon
    adessiverocknálrockoknál
    illativerockbarockokba
    sublativerockrarockokra
    allativerockhozrockokhoz
    elativerockbólrockokból
    delativerockrólrockokról
    ablativerocktólrockoktól
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular
    rockérockoké
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural
    rockéirockokéi
    Possessive forms ofrock
    possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
    1st person sing.rockomrockjaim
    2nd person sing.rockodrockjaid
    3rd person sing.rockjarockjai
    1st person pluralrockunkrockjaink
    2nd person pluralrockotokrockjaitok
    3rd person pluralrockjukrockjaik

    Derived terms

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    Compound words
    Expressions

    Related terms

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    Italian

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock m (uncountable)

    1. rock(style of music)

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • rock in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

    Polish

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    PolishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapl

    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    rock inan

    1. rock(style of music)

    Declension

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    Declension ofrock
    singular
    nominativerock
    genitiverocka
    dativerockowi
    accusativerocka
    instrumentalrockiem
    locativerocku
    vocativerocku

    Derived terms

    [edit]
    adjective
    noun

    Related terms

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    nouns

    Further reading

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    • rock inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
    • rock in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

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    PortugueseWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediapt

    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
     

    Noun

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    rock m (uncountable)

    1. rock(style of music)
      Synonym:rock and roll

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    Romanian

    [edit]

    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Noun

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    rock n (pluralrockuri)

    1. rock

    Declension

    [edit]
    singularplural
    indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
    nominative-accusativerockrockulrockurirockurile
    genitive-dativerockrockuluirockurirockurilor
    vocativerockulerockurilor

    Spanish

    [edit]
    SpanishWikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipediaes

    Etymology

    [edit]

    Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishrock.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • IPA(key): /ˈrok/[ˈrok]
    • Rhymes:-ok
    • Syllabification:rock

    Noun

    [edit]

    rock m (pluralrocks)

    1. rock (music style)

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    According toRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    Further reading

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    Swedish

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    FromOld Swedishrokker, fromMiddle Low Germanrock, fromOld Saxonrok, fromProto-West Germanic*(h)rokk, fromProto-Germanic*rukkaz.

    Noun

    [edit]

    rock c

    1. acoat, anovercoat
    Declension
    [edit]
    Declension ofrock
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefiniterockrocks
    definiterockenrockens
    pluralindefiniterockarrockars
    definiterockarnarockarnas
    Synonyms
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    Related terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Borrowed fromEnglishrock.

    Noun

    [edit]

    rock c (uncountable)

    1. (music, uncountable)rock,rock and roll
    Declension
    [edit]
    Declension ofrock
    nominativegenitive
    singularindefiniterockrocks
    definiterockenrockens
    pluralindefinite
    definite
    Derived terms
    [edit]
    See also
    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=rock&oldid=88197410"
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