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robust

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromLatinrōbustus.

Pronunciation

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(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ɹəʊˈbʌst/,/ɹəˈbʌst/
- Audio(UK): (file)
- Audio(Southern England): (file)
(General American, Canada)IPA^(key): /ɹoʊˈbʌst/,/ɹəˈbʌst/
(General Australian)IPA^(key): /ɹəʉˈbɐst/,/ɹəˈbɐst/
(New Zealand)IPA^(key): /ɹɐʉˈbɐst/,/ɹəˈbɐst/
(Indic)IPA^(key): /rɵˈbəsʈ/,/ˈrobəsʈ/
Rhymes:-ʌst
Hyphenation:ro‧bust

Adjective

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robust (comparativemorerobustor(uncommon)robuster,superlativemostrobustor(uncommon)robustest)

Able towithstand adverse conditions.
Synonym:sturdy
Antonym:fragile
Evincingstrength andhealth;strong;(often, especially) bothlarge andhealthy.
He was arobust man of six feet four.
robust health
Arobust wall was put up.
- 1869,Anthony Trollope,Phineas Finn:
  She was stronger, larger, morerobust physically than he had hitherto conceived.
Requiring strength orvigor.
robust employment
Sensible (of intellect etc.);straightforward, not given to or confused byuncertainty orsubtlety.
robust findings
robust proof
robust explanation
robust lesson
(euphemistic)Rough;rude.
- 2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, inBBC Sport‎^[1]:
  As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whoserobust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.
(systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage.
(software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions.
(statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors.
(chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built;muscular; notgracile.

evincing strength

Albanian:ardhangët (sq)
Bulgarian:як (bg)(jak),здрав (bg)(zdrav),силен (bg)(silen)
Catalan:robust (ca)
Dutch:robuust (nl),degelijk (nl)
Finnish:jykevä (fi),vankka (fi),roteva (fi),vahva (fi),robusti (fi)
French:robuste (fr),costaud (fr)
Galician:robusto (gl),rufo (gl)
German:robust (de),widerstandsfähig (de),kräftig (de),zäh (de),herausfordernd (de),anspruchsvoll (de),grob (de),resilient (de),solide (de)
Greek:ρωμαλέος (el)(romaléos)
Hebrew:חסון (he)(chason),איתן (he)(ētán)
Hungarian:robusztus (hu),erős (hu),erőteljes (hu),masszív (hu),szilárd (hu)
Ido:robusta (io)
Indonesian:tegar (id)
Irish:urrúnta
Italian:robusto (it)
Latin:rōbustus
Macedonian:си́лен(sílen),здрав(zdrav),јак(jak),цврст(cvrst)
Malay:lasak,teguh (ms)
Maori:ruarangi,hiwa(referring to growth),whakapūioio,tōtōpū(of solid quality)
Mongolian:бөх (mn)(böx)
Norman:frîngant
Norwegian:
Bokmål:robust (no)
Nynorsk:robust
Polish:krzepki (pl),silny (pl),rozrosły,czerstwy (pl),wysportowany (pl)
Portuguese:robusto (pt)
Quechua:nanaq
Romanian:robust (ro),puternic (ro),vânjos (ro)
Russian:кре́пкий (ru)(krépkij),здоро́вый (ru)(zdoróvyj)
Scottish Gaelic:làidir
Slovene:robústen
Spanish:robusto (es)
Swedish:robust (sv)
Ukrainian:крі́пкий (uk)(krípkyj),здоро́вий(zdoróvyj)

Anagrams

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brotus,or bust,turbos

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinrōbustus. First attested inc. 1400.^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central)[ruˈβust]
IPA^(key): (Balearic)[ruˈbust]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[roˈbust]
Audio(Barcelona): (file)

Adjective

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robust (femininerobusta,masculine pluralrobustsorrobustos,feminine pluralrobustes)

robust(evincing strength and health)
Synonyms:fort,vigorós

Derived terms

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References

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^“robust”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025

German

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromLatinrōbustus.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ʁoˈbʊst/
Audio: (file)
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Hyphenation:ro‧bust
Rhymes:-ʊst

Adjective

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robust (strong nominative masculine singularrobuster,comparativerobuster,superlativeam robustesten)

robust

Declension

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Positive forms ofrobust

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istrobust	sie istrobust	es istrobust	sie sindrobust
strong declension (without article)	nominative	robuster	robuste	robustes	robuste
	genitive	robusten	robuster	robusten	robuster
	dative	robustem	robuster	robustem	robusten
	accusative	robusten	robuste	robustes	robuste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derrobuste	dierobuste	dasrobuste	dierobusten
	genitive	desrobusten	derrobusten	desrobusten	derrobusten
	dative	demrobusten	derrobusten	demrobusten	denrobusten
	accusative	denrobusten	dierobuste	dasrobuste	dierobusten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einrobuster	einerobuste	einrobustes	(keine)robusten
	genitive	einesrobusten	einerrobusten	einesrobusten	(keiner)robusten
	dative	einemrobusten	einerrobusten	einemrobusten	(keinen)robusten
	accusative	einenrobusten	einerobuste	einrobustes	(keine)robusten

Comparative forms ofrobust

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istrobuster	sie istrobuster	es istrobuster	sie sindrobuster
strong declension (without article)	nominative	robusterer	robustere	robusteres	robustere
	genitive	robusteren	robusterer	robusteren	robusterer
	dative	robusterem	robusterer	robusterem	robusteren
	accusative	robusteren	robustere	robusteres	robustere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derrobustere	dierobustere	dasrobustere	dierobusteren
	genitive	desrobusteren	derrobusteren	desrobusteren	derrobusteren
	dative	demrobusteren	derrobusteren	demrobusteren	denrobusteren
	accusative	denrobusteren	dierobustere	dasrobustere	dierobusteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einrobusterer	einerobustere	einrobusteres	(keine)robusteren
	genitive	einesrobusteren	einerrobusteren	einesrobusteren	(keiner)robusteren
	dative	einemrobusteren	einerrobusteren	einemrobusteren	(keinen)robusteren
	accusative	einenrobusteren	einerobustere	einrobusteres	(keine)robusteren

Superlative forms ofrobust

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istam robustesten	sie istam robustesten	es istam robustesten	sie sindam robustesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	robustester	robusteste	robustestes	robusteste
	genitive	robustesten	robustester	robustesten	robustester
	dative	robustestem	robustester	robustestem	robustesten
	accusative	robustesten	robusteste	robustestes	robusteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derrobusteste	dierobusteste	dasrobusteste	dierobustesten
	genitive	desrobustesten	derrobustesten	desrobustesten	derrobustesten
	dative	demrobustesten	derrobustesten	demrobustesten	denrobustesten
	accusative	denrobustesten	dierobusteste	dasrobusteste	dierobustesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einrobustester	einerobusteste	einrobustestes	(keine)robustesten
	genitive	einesrobustesten	einerrobustesten	einesrobustesten	(keiner)robustesten
	dative	einemrobustesten	einerrobustesten	einemrobustesten	(keinen)robustesten
	accusative	einenrobustesten	einerobusteste	einrobustestes	(keine)robustesten

Derived terms

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Robustheit

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromLatinrōbustus.

Adjective

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robust (neuter singularrobust,definite singular and pluralrobuste)

robust,sturdy

References

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“robust” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromLatinrōbustus.

Adjective

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robust (neuter singularrobust,definite singular and pluralrobuste)

robust,sturdy

References

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“robust” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchrobuste, fromLatinrōbustus.

Adjective

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robust m or n (feminine singularrobustă,masculine pluralrobuști,feminine/neuter pluralrobuste)

robust

Declension

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Declension ofrobust
		masculine	feminine	masculine	neuter
		singular		plural
nominative- accusative	indefinite	robust	robustă	robuști	robuste
nominative- accusative	definite	robustul	robusta	robuștii	robustele
genitive- dative	indefinite	robust	robuste	robuști	robuste
genitive- dative	definite	robustului	robustei	robuștilor	robustelor

Swedish

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Adjective

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robust (comparativerobustare,superlativerobustast)

robust

Declension

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Inflection ofrobust
Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative¹
common singular	robust	robustare	robustast
neuter singular	robust	robustare	robustast
plural	robusta	robustare	robustast
masculine plural²	robuste	robustare	robustast

Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular³	robuste	robustare	robustaste
all	robusta	robustare	robustaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.