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rideo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Latin

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Alternative forms

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rīdō(Late Latin)

Etymology

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Uncertain origin. Roberts assignsProto-Indo-European*wert- in the sense of turning the mouth to smile; De Vaan finds no credible Indo-European origin and rejects connections toSanskritव्रीडते(vrīḍate,“to be shy, bashful”).

Matasović connects this withProto-Germanic*wrītaną(“to scratch”).^[1]

Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈriː.de.oː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈriː.de.o]

Verb

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rīdeō (present infinitiverīdēre,perfect activerīsī,supinerīsum);second conjugation

(intransitive) tolaugh
Synonym:cachinnō
Antonym:fleō
(transitive) tolaugh at,ridicule,mock
Synonyms:lūdificō,ēlūdō,trādūcō
- 8CE,Ovid,Fasti2.356:
  rīdet amātōrem Lȳdā puella suum.
  The Lydian girllaughs at her [would-be] lover.
- 161BCE,Publius Terentius Afer,Eunuchus3.497:
  GNATHŌ: Hahahae.
  THRASŌ: Quidrīdēs?
  GNATHO: Hahaha!
  THRASO: What are youlaughing at?

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofrīdeō (second conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	rīdeō	rīdēs		rīdet	rīdēmus	rīdētis		rīdent
	imperfect	rīdēbam	rīdēbās		rīdēbat	rīdēbāmus	rīdēbātis		rīdēbant
	future	rīdēbō	rīdēbis		rīdēbit	rīdēbimus	rīdēbitis		rīdēbunt
	perfect	rīsī	rīsistī		rīsit	rīsimus	rīsistis		rīsērunt, rīsēre
	pluperfect	rīseram	rīserās		rīserat	rīserāmus	rīserātis		rīserant
	future perfect	rīserō	rīseris		rīserit	rīserimus	rīseritis		rīserint
passive	present	rīdeor	rīdēris, rīdēre		rīdētur	rīdēmur	rīdēminī		rīdentur
	imperfect	rīdēbar	rīdēbāris, rīdēbāre		rīdēbātur	rīdēbāmur	rīdēbāminī		rīdēbantur
	future	rīdēbor	rīdēberis, rīdēbere		rīdēbitur	rīdēbimur	rīdēbiminī		rīdēbuntur
	perfect	rīsus + present active indicative ofsum
	pluperfect	rīsus + imperfect active indicative ofsum
	future perfect	rīsus + future active indicative ofsum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	rīdeam	rīdeās		rīdeat	rīdeāmus	rīdeātis		rīdeant
	imperfect	rīdērem	rīdērēs		rīdēret	rīdērēmus	rīdērētis		rīdērent
	perfect	rīserim	rīserīs		rīserit	rīserīmus	rīserītis		rīserint
	pluperfect	rīsissem	rīsissēs		rīsisset	rīsissēmus	rīsissētis		rīsissent
passive	present	rīdear	rīdeāris, rīdeāre		rīdeātur	rīdeāmur	rīdeāminī		rīdeantur
	imperfect	rīdērer	rīdērēris, rīdērēre		rīdērētur	rīdērēmur	rīdērēminī		rīdērentur
	perfect	rīsus + present active subjunctive ofsum
	pluperfect	rīsus + imperfect active subjunctive ofsum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	rīdē		—	—	rīdēte		—
active	future	—	rīdētō		rīdētō	—	rīdētōte		rīdentō
passive	present	—	rīdēre		—	—	rīdēminī		—
passive	future	—	rīdētor		rīdētor	—	—		rīdentor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		rīdēre		rīdērī		rīdēns		—
future		rīsūrum esse		rīsum īrī		rīsūrus		rīdendus
perfect		rīsisse		rīsum esse		—		rīsus
future perfect		—		rīsum fore		—		—
perfect potential		rīsūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		rīdendī	rīdendō		rīdendum	rīdendō	rīsum		rīsū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Reflexes of the Late Latin variantrīdĕre:^[2]

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian:ridere,arriere,riere
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian:arãd,arãdu,ared
- Megleno-Romanian:rǫd
- Romanian:rîde,râde
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Corsican:rida
- Dalmatian:redro
- Istriot:reidi
- Italian:ridere
  - → Esperanto:ridi
- Neapolitan:ridere
- Sicilian:rìdiri,arrìdiri
- Venetan:rìdar,rìder
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian:ridi
- Ladino:reir
- Romansh:rir,reir(Surmiran),rier(Vallader)
Gallo-Italic:
- Emilian:rédder
- Ligurian:rîe
- Piedmontese:rije,rìe
Gallo-Romance:
- Northern:
  - Franco-Provençal:rire
  - Old French:rire,ridre(archaic)
    - Middle French:rire
      - French:rire
    - Norman:rithe
    - Walloon:rire
- Southern:
  - Catalan:riure
  - Old Occitan:rire,rider,ridre
    - Gascon:ríder,ríser,⇒arríder,arríser
    - Occitan:rire
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese:riure(Ribagorçan)

Reflexes of an assumed Vulgar Latin variant*rīdīre:^[3]

Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese:redir,reyir,⇒arreguir
- Asturian:rir
- Leonese:rire,reyire,riyire
- Old Galician-Portuguese:riir
  - Galician:rir
  - Portuguese:rir
- Spanish:reír

References

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^Matasović, Ranko (2024), “The etymology of Latin rīdeō and a new PIE root”, inGlotta, volume100, number 2,→DOI,→ISSN, pages327–331
^Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “rīdēre”, inFranzösisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume10: R,page399
^Williams, Edwin B. 1962.From Latin to Portuguese: Historical phonology and morphology of the Portuguese language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Page 232.