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reason

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Reason

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishresoun,reson, fromAnglo-Normanraisun (Old Frenchraison), fromLatinratiō, fromratus, past participle ofreor(reckon), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₂reh₁-(to think), reanalysed root of*h₂er-(to put together). Displaced nativeMiddle Englishreden(found in compounds), fromOld Englishrǣden(condition, stipulation, calculation, direction), from the same Proto-Indo-European source (compareWest Frisianreden(reason),Dutchreden(reason)).Doublet ofration andratio.

Noun

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reason (countable anduncountable,pluralreasons)

  1. Acause:
    Synonym:occasion
    1. That whichcauses something: anefficient cause, aproximate cause.
      Thereason this tree fell is that it had rotted.
      • 1996,Daniel Clement Dennett,Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, page198:
        There is areason why so many should be symmetrical: The selective advantage in a symmetrical complex is enjoyed by all the subunits[]
    2. Amotive for an action or a determination.
      He madereason with his boss about taking aday off.
      Thereason I robbed the bank was that I needed the money.
      If you don't give me areason to go with you, I won't.
      • 1806, Anonymous, Select Notes to Book XXI, in,Alexander Pope, translator,TheOdyssey ofHomer, volume 6 (London, F.J. du Roveray), page 37:
        This is thereason why he proposes to offer a libation, to atone for the abuse of the day by their diversions.
      • 1908,Henry James, chapter 10, inThe Portrait of a Lady (The Novels and Tales of Henry James), New York edition, volume(please specify |volume=I or II), Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.:Charles Scribner’s Sons,→OCLC; republished asThe Portrait of a Lady (EBook #283), United States:Project Gutenberg, 1 September 2001:
        Ralph Touchett, forreasons best known to himself, had seen fit to say that Gilbert Osmond was not a good fellow[]
    3. Anexcuse: athought or aconsideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
    4. (logic) Apremise placed after itsconclusion.
  2. (uncountable)Rationalthinking (or thecapacity for it); thecognitivefaculties, collectively, ofconception,judgment,deduction andintuition.
    Mankind should developreason above all other virtues.
    • 1898,H.G. Wells,The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page113:
      The tremendous tragedy in which he had been involved - it was evident he was a fugitive from Weybridge - had driven him to the very verge of hisreason.
    • 1970,Hannah Arendt,On Violence,→ISBN, page62:
      And the specific distinction between man and beast is now, strictly speaking, no longerreason (thelumen naturale of the human animal) but science[]
    • 2014 June 21, “Magician’s brain”, inThe Economist, volume411, number8892:
      The [Isaac] Newton that emerges from the [unpublished] manuscripts is far from the popular image of a rational practitioner of cold and purereason. The architect of modern science was himself not very modern. He was obsessed with alchemy.
  3. (obsolete) Somethingreasonable, in accordance with thought;justice.
    • 16th centuryEdmund Spenser,Lines on his Promised Pension
      I was promised, on a time, To havereason for my rhyme.
  4. (mathematics, obsolete)Ratio;proportion.
    • 1734, Isaac Barrow, “Lecture XVII. Of the Names and Diversities of the Twofold Kind of Reason or Proportion, viz. Arithmetical and Geometrical”, in John Kirkby, transl.,The Usefulness of Mathematical Learning Explained and Demonstrated: Being Mathematical Lectures Read in the Publick Schools at the University of Cambridge. [], London: [] Stephen Austen, [],→OCLC,pages323–324:
      [I]f two Quantities repreſented by the Numbers 20 and 4 be compared, by dividing theAntecedent 20 by theConſequent 4, theQuotient is 5; but inverting the Terms, by dividing 4 by 20 theQuotient is420=15{\displaystyle {\tfrac {4}{20}}={\tfrac {1}{5}}}. By whichQuotients are declared theGeometricalReaſons of the propoſed Quantities, becauſe if theQuotient found be multiplied by theConſequent, theProduct is equal to theAntecedent; for in the former Compariſon5×4=20{\displaystyle 5\times 4=20}, in the latter15×20=4{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{5}}\times 20=4}; as Things again are referred toEquality.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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that which causes: a cause
motive for an action or determination
excuse, explanation: thought or consideration offered in support of a determination
(the capacity of the human mind for) rational thinking
something reasonable
math: ratio, proportionseeratio
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "translations to be checked: "due exercise of the reasoning faculty""
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "basic meaning "cause""

Verb

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reason (third-person singular simple presentreasons,present participlereasoning,simple past and past participlereasoned)

  1. (intransitive) Todeduce or come to a conclusion by beingrational.
    • 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle,The Adventure of the Speckled Band:
      "I had," said he, "come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is toreason from insufficient data.[]"
  2. (intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order toconvince or toconfute; toargue.
  3. (intransitive, obsolete) Toconverse; to compareopinions.
  4. (ambitransitive) To arrange and present the reasons for or against; toexamine ordiscuss by arguments; todebate or discuss.
    Ireasoned the matter with my friend.
    • 1901, Ralph Connor, chapter 9, inThe Man from Glengarry:
      The talk was mainly between Aleck and Murdie, the others crowding eagerly about and putting in a word as they could. Murdie wasreasoning good-humoredly, Aleck replying fiercely.
  5. (transitive, rare) To support with reasons, as arequest.
  6. (transitive) Topersuade by reasoning or argument.
    toreason one into a belief; toreason one out of his plan
    • 1815 December (indicated as1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 10, inEmma: [], volume(please specify |volume=I to III), London: [] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] forJohn Murray,→OCLC:
      That she was not immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she mustreason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again.
  7. (transitive, withdown) Toovercome orconquer byadducing reasons.
    toreason down a passion
  8. (transitive, usually without) To find bylogicalprocess; toexplain orjustify by reason or argument.
    toreason out the causes of the librations of the moon
Derived terms
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Terms derived from the verb “reason”
Translations
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to deduce by being rational
to perform a process of deduction or of induction
to converse; to compare opinions
to arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine, debate, discussseedebate
to persuade by reasoning
to find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argumentseereason out
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishreason,reson,resen,rasen, fromOld Englishræsn(beam, rafter, ceiling, wall panel), probably fromProto-West Germanic*raʀn(house), fromProto-Germanic*razną(house, dwelling), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁erh₁-(to rest).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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reason (pluralreasons)

  1. Awall plate.
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Anagrams

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