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rau

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "rau"

Translingual

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Symbol

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rau

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forRaute.

See also

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Catalan

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rau

  1. inflection ofraure:
    1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. second-personsingularimperative

Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinreus. CompareItalianrio,Romanianrău.

Adjective

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rau (feminineraja)

  1. bad

Fijian

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Pronoun

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rau

  1. they two, those two

See also

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Fijian personal pronouns
singulardualpaucalplural
1st personaukeirau (exclusive)
kedaru (inclusive)		keitou (exclusive)
kedatou (inclusive)		keimami (exclusive)
keda (inclusive)
2nd personikokemudraukemudoukemuni
3rd personkoyarauiratouira

German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanrūch, fromOld High Germanrūh, fromProto-Germanic*rūhwaz. Though etymologically justified, the silenth was abolished in 1996 becauserauh was the only word in which it was used after the diphthong-au-. Cognate withDutchruig andruw,Englishrough (which see).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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rau (strong nominative masculine singularrauer,comparativerauer,superlativeamrauestenoramrausten)

  1. rough
    • 2010,Der Spiegel‎[1], number26/2010, page125:
      Tiere, die inrauem Klima leben, sind oft klüger als ihre Artgenossen aus gemäßigten Breiten, das legen verschiedene Studien nahe.
      Several studies suggest that animals which live inrough climates are often smarter than members of the same species from moderate latitudes.

Usage notes

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  • The spellingrau has been the prescribed spelling since theGerman spelling reform of 1996 (theRechtschreibreform). In the affected areas, the previous spelling (rauh) is now less common, and may be regarded as a misspelling.

Declension

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Positive forms ofrau
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristrausieistrauesistrausiesindrau
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerauerrauerauesraue
genitiverauenrauerrauenrauer
dativerauemrauerrauemrauen
accusativerauenrauerauesraue
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederrauedierauedasrauedierauen
genitivedesrauenderrauendesrauenderrauen
dativedemrauenderrauendemrauendenrauen
accusativedenrauendierauedasrauedierauen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinrauereineraueeinraues(keine)rauen
genitiveeinesraueneinerraueneinesrauen(keiner)rauen
dativeeinemraueneinerraueneinemrauen(keinen)rauen
accusativeeinenraueneineraueeinraues(keine)rauen
Comparative forms ofrau
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristrauersieistraueresistrauersiesindrauer
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerauererrauereraueresrauere
genitiverauerenrauererrauerenrauerer
dativeraueremrauererraueremraueren
accusativerauerenrauereraueresrauere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederraueredieraueredasraueredieraueren
genitivedesrauerenderrauerendesrauerenderraueren
dativedemrauerenderrauerendemrauerendenraueren
accusativedenrauerendieraueredasraueredieraueren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinrauerereinerauereeinraueres(keine)raueren
genitiveeinesrauereneinerrauereneinesraueren(keiner)raueren
dativeeinemrauereneinerrauereneinemraueren(keinen)raueren
accusativeeinenrauereneinerauereeinraueres(keine)raueren
Superlative forms ofrau
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristamrauesten
eristamrausten		sieistamrauesten
sieistamrausten		esistamrauesten
esistamrausten		siesindamrauesten
siesindamrausten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerauester
rauster		raueste
rauste		rauestes
raustes		raueste
rauste
genitiverauesten
rausten		rauester
rauster		rauesten
rausten		rauester
rauster
dativerauestem
raustem		rauester
rauster		rauestem
raustem		rauesten
rausten
accusativerauesten
rausten		raueste
rauste		rauestes
raustes		raueste
rauste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativederraueste
derrauste		dieraueste
dierauste		dasraueste
dasrauste		dierauesten
dierausten
genitivedesrauesten
desrausten		derrauesten
derrausten		desrauesten
desrausten		derrauesten
derrausten
dativedemrauesten
demrausten		derrauesten
derrausten		demrauesten
demrausten		denrauesten
denrausten
accusativedenrauesten
denrausten		dieraueste
dierauste		dasraueste
dasrauste		dierauesten
dierausten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeeinrauester
einrauster		eineraueste
einerauste		einrauestes
einraustes		(keine)rauesten
(keine)rausten
genitiveeinesrauesten
einesrausten		einerrauesten
einerrausten		einesrauesten
einesrausten		(keiner)rauesten
(keiner)rausten
dativeeinemrauesten
einemrausten		einerrauesten
einerrausten		einemrauesten
einemrausten		(keinen)rauesten
(keinen)rausten
accusativeeinenrauesten
einenrausten		eineraueste
einerauste		einrauestes
einraustes		(keine)rauesten
(keine)rausten

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “rau” inDigitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “rau” in Uni Leipzig:Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “rau” inDuden online

Hunsrik

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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rau

  1. rough

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “rau”, inDicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti:Riograndenser Hunsrickisch,page130

Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanrūhe, fromOld High Germanrūh, fromProto-Germanic*rūhaz. Cognate withGermanrau,Dutchruig,Englishrough,West Frisianrûch.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ræu̯/,[ʀæˑʊ̯]

Adjective

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rau (masculinerauen,neuterraut,comparativeméi rau,superlativeamrausten)

  1. rough
    D'Schuel vun dësem Bam ass ganzrau. ―The bark of this tree is veryrough.
  2. raw,harsh
    D'Antarktis huet eraue Klima. ―Antarctica has aharsh climate.
  3. hoarse,husky
    Si huet engrau Stëmm. ―She has ahusky voice.
  4. boorish,uncouth,rough
    Wat eraue Mann! ―What aboorish man!

Declension

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Declension ofrau
singularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativehien assrausi assrauet assrausi si(nn)rau
nominative /
accusative		attributive and/or after determinerrauenraurautrau
independent without determinerrauesrauer
dativeafter any declined wordrauenrauerrauenrauen
as first declined wordrauemrauem

References

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  • rau in theLëtzebuerger Online Dictionnaire

Maori

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Polynesian*rau, fromProto-Oceanic, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun(“leaf”) (compareMalaydaun).[1]

Sense of paper may have been from improvising leaves of thekorari (Phormium tenax) as writing media.[2][3][4]

Noun

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rau

  1. leaf
  2. sheet ofpaper[5]
    Synonym:pepa
  3. page of a book

Derived terms

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Related terms

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References

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  1. ^Ross, Malcolm D.; Pawley, Andrew; Osmond, Meredith (2008),The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 3: Plants, Canberra: Australian National University,→ISBN, pages103-4
  2. ^Haami, Bradford (2004),Maori and the written word, Huia Publishers,→ISBN, page19
  3. ^Crawford, James Coutts (1880),Recollections of Travel in New Zealand and Australia, Cambridge University Press,→ISBN, page31
  4. ^Ballantyne, Tony; Paterson, Lachy; Wanhalla, Angela (2020),Indigenous Textual Cultures: Reading and Writing in the Age of Global Empire, Duke University Press,→ISBN, page58
  5. ^Taiuru, Karaitiana N. (2006),A Dictionary of Māori Computer related terms,→ISBN, page224

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ʀatus, fromProto-Austronesian*ɣatus(“hundred”) (compareMalayratus).

Numeral

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rau

  1. hundred

References

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  • “rau” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011,→ISBN.
  • Tregear, Edward (1891),Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page401

Middle English

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Adjective

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rau

  1. alternative form ofraw

Mizo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*raaw.

Noun

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rau

  1. some kind ofmalignantspirit

Further reading

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Mo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun.

Noun

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rau

  1. leaf

References

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  • George W. Grace,Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, inOceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Mori Bawah

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Verb

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rau

  1. (stative) tobe over there, somewhere remote but at the same elevation as the speaker and hearer

References

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  • The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar (2013,→ISBN, page 695-6

Rapa Nui

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Polynesian*rau, fromProto-Oceanic, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun.

Noun

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rau

  1. leaf

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ʀatus,Proto-Austronesian*ɣatus. (compareMalayratus,Maorirau)

Numeral

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rau

  1. hundred
Synonyms
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Sobei

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun.

Noun

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rau

  1. leaf

References

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  • George W. Grace,Notes on the phonological history of the Austronesian languages of the Sarmi Coast, inOceanic Linguistics (1971, 10:11-37)

Ternate

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Etymology

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Likely fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun; compareMalaydaun,Sobeirau. Furthermore, Holton and Klamer reconstructProto-North Halmahera*soka(“leaf”), which this does not continue.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rau (Jawiراوو)

  1. leaf

Alternative forms

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References

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  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890),Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001),A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Vietnamese

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Etymology

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FromProto-Vietic*-raw.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rau• (蔞,婁)

  1. leafy greens,leaf vegetable

Derived terms

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White Hmong

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Hmong-Mien*kruk(“six”), ofSino-Tibetan origin. Cognate withIu Mienjuqv.[1]

White Hmong cardinal numbers
 <  567  > 
   Cardinal :rau

Numeral

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rau

  1. six

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Hmong*tru̯eiᶜ(“hoof, claw, nail”), probablyborrowed fromMiddle Chinese蹢 (MC drjek|tek, “hoof”).[1][2]

Noun

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rau(classifier:tus)

  1. nail,hoof,claw
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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FromProto-Hmong*trɔᶜ(“to put on, wear (shoes)”), probablyborrowed fromOld Chinese著 (OC*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ, “to put on, wear, place, apply”).[1][2]

Verb

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rau

  1. toplace, toput
    Rau qhov no. ―Put it here.
    Yuav muab rau qhov twg? ―Where shall I put it?
    Muab rau rau hauv. ―Put it inside.
  2. toput on orwear (shoes, etc.), toputin place
    Kuv rau khau. ―I put on shoes.
    Nws rau tshuaj. ―He applies medicine.
  3. toseason, toaddingredients
    Nws rau txuj lom rau cov nqaij. ―She adds ingredients to the meat.
Derived terms
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  • rau siab(“to apply oneself, persevere”)

Etymology 4

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Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Likely a semantic extension of Etymology 3, from "to put on, apply" > "do action towards" > "towards, in".”

Preposition

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rau

  1. toward,to,in,on,at
    Pub rau kuv. ―Give it to me.
    Kuv hais rau koj. ―I speak to you.
    Muab cov nqaij tso rau hauv tub yees. ―Put the meat in the freezer.
    Muab phau ntawv cia rau saum rooj. ―Put the book on the table.
    Nws taw rau daim paib. ―He points at the sign.

References

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  • Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979),White Hmong — English Dictionary‎[2], SEAP Publications,→ISBN, page275.
  1. ↑1.01.11.2Ratliff, Martha (2010),Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics,→ISBN, page282.
  2. ↑2.02.1https://web.archive.org/web/20101031002604/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/25
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