1902, Ernest Howard Adye, “Radio-active Elements”, inFrank Rutley,Mineralogy (Murby’s “Science and Art Department” Series of Text-books), 15th revised and corrected edition, London: Thomas Murby & Co.,[…],→OCLC,page234:
Madame[Marie] Curie, working with her distinguished husband, isolated and first traced to its true origin the source of the marvellous power which has thus commenced to revolutionise our philosophy of physics. This new element has appropriately been named "Radium;" but it has also been shown that there are many other, though less powerful, radio-active elements, details of which are recorded in the sequel. To be precise,radium,per se, has not yet been isolated as a metal, but only in the form of salts,—chlorides and bromides. [...] It is supposed that the molecules ofradium (composed of similar atoms) during their decomposition into those of the gas helium, are also frittered down into heat and, in part, are liberated as radio-activity.
The persistence of radio-activity on glass vessels which have containedradium is remarkable. Filters, beakers, and dishes used in the laboratory for operations withradium, after having been washed in the usual way, remain radio-active: a piece of blende screen held inside the beaker or other vessel immediately glowing with the presence ofradium.
The object of this work is to determine how theradiumsD,E, andF are separated from the substance known as radio-lead by certain chemical reactions. Recrystallisation of the nitrate from a neutral solution gradually removes theradium-F (polonium), which remains in the mother liquor, but does not appreciably influence the amounts ofradiumsD andE in the crystals.
Radium is formed by the breaking up of atoms of another element called uranium, butradium shows this breaking up process in its own atoms more distinctly than does uranium or any other element we know, and it is this breaking up that givesradium its astonishing properties such as the production of heat, electricity, and wave motions in the ether which are similar to the wave motions which produce the sensation of light to our eyes.
As for myself, I had to devote again a great deal of time to the preparation of several decigrammes of very pureradium chloride. With this I achieved, in 1907, a new determination of the atomic weight ofradium, and in 1910 I was able to isolate the metal.
1923 September, Dewell Gann, “The Review of Forty Consecutive Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix”, inThe Urologic and Cutaneous Review, volume XXVII, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: Urologic and Cutaneous Press,→OCLC,page564, column 1:
Of the total, fifteen cases were treated surgically, seventeen byradium, one by a combination of the two methods, three byradium and X-ray, one by the Percy cautery, two by the cautery, and two by the cautery preceding the application ofradium.
1936, Wyndham E. B. Lloyd, “Radium”, inA Hundred Years of Medicine, London:Duckworth[…], published1939, part II (Scientific Discovery in the Last Hundred Years),page208:
As soon as it had been shown that skin burns could be caused byradium, medical men began to experiment in order to find out if malignant growths of the skin could be destroyed by the same agency. [...] Immense strides have been made in the technique of applying theradium to kill cancers.
Well, remember how the children of the State Orphanage became mysteriously ill? The doctors diagnosed it asradium poisoning, but how it happened was a first class mystery to them. There's noradium factory within miles of the orphanage.
2010, Charles L. Sanders, “Accidents, Tests, and Incidents”, inRadiation Hormesis and the Linear-No-Threshold Assumption, Heidelberg, Dordrecht:Springer-Verlag,→DOI,→ISBN,page43:
The U.S.radium dial painters of the 1920s comprised an early cohort of several thousand workers at increased risk of developing radiation induced cancers.
2015, Luis A. Campos, “Transmutations and Disintegrations”, inRadium and the Secret of Life, Chicago, Ill., London:University of Chicago Press,→ISBN,page247:
Even as X-rays vied withradium as the preferred tool for biological experimentation in later decades,[Hermann Joseph] Muller continued to rely onradium not only as a mutagen, but also as an important conceptual tool, seeingradium and life as somehow intimately connected analogically, discursively, evolutionarily, mechanistically, and metaphysically.
1913 January 11, “[Dress Fabrics[…]] Silks Moving Well: An Excellent Business Assured for the Coming Spring Season”, inDry Goods Economist, volume67, number3575, New York, N.Y.: The Textile Publishing Co.,→OCLC,page33, column 1:
City retailers are doing well with high-classradiums printed in bright greens, brilliant purples and strong yellows. Such are the high novelties.
1920 June, “Many Novelties in French Silks”, in C. R. Clifford, editor,The American Silk Journal, volume XXXIX, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Clifford & Lawton,→ISSN,→OCLC,page57, column 2:
In printed silks for outer garments and linings there are crêpe de chines, silk and cotton crêpes, georgettes,radiums and mousselines de soie. [...] [O]nradiums; Japanese print designs, silhouetted with parasols or flowers and shrubs, treated in Japanese style, on dark grounds, are employed. There are also a number of futuristic figures printed onradiums.
1922 November 18, “[Silk Goods Markets] Printed Crepes to be Leader for Spring: Radium Satins and Taffetas Will also Show Their Vantage Points”, inTextile World, volume LXII, number21, New York, N.Y.: Bragdon, Lord & Nagle Co.,→OCLC,page 73 (page 2927 overall), column 3:
Radium satins will also be used extensively in the spring season.
Radium, a term rather loosely applied to the bulk of domestic cloths of this class, includes goods of two fairly distinct types. [...] It is often tightly woven under high tension and so finished as to produce a highly lustrous appearance. But high luster is not essential, for many high-graderadiums are given a more or less dull finish. Of whatever finish, various cloths of this type are manufactured sometimes under the designationradium and sometimes under special copyrighted names.
1904 June, “Verbs Needed”, in A. H. McQuilkin, editor,The Inland Printer: The Leading Trade Journal of the World in the Printing and Allied Industries, volume XXXIII, number 3, Chicago, Ill.: The Inland Printer Company,→OCLC,page359, column 2:
We want popular verbs for several operations introduced by modern science. The X-rays, the Finsen treatment for lupus, the operation of radium for cancer, and what not—what are the words for these? A man is guillotined or hanged; his leg is amputated; he is trepanned. What is it when he is rayed, Finsened,radiumed? [From theSt. James's Gazette.]
1914 April,Leonard Williams, “The Byways of Thyroid Deficiency”, in H. Edwin Lewis, Charles E. Woodruff, editors,American Medicine, volume IX (New Series; volume XX overall), number 4, Burlington, Vt., New York, N.Y.: American Medical Publishing Company,→OCLC,page272:
The victims thereof [i.e., of rheumatism] are drenched with salicylates and iodides; they are sent to spas to be bombarded by the doucheur and spanked by the masseur; they are subjected to electrical ecstasies and suffer Zander contortions; they are cataphoresed, vaccinated, serummed,radiumed and dieted, with results which vary from the sublime to the pathetic.
The problem that we have to face inradiuming tumors is very complicated. [...] [T]he problem of distribution is to distribute throughout the territory irradiated an even dose, and we have found that that is a very difficult thing.
Towards the end he was attended by Dr. Hymie Rubin. The great specialists with their fabulous bills had cut andradiumed to the tune of tumbling doubloons. [...] But the priceless surgeons said—too late: they could not repair the digestive engine after it had been knocked to pieces by years of neglect and abuse …
“radium”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved2023-07-03
, Oxford:Oxford University Press,June 2008;“radium,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
radium on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
