“1. pro”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved1 July 2023
“2. pro”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved1 July 2023
FromProto-Italic*prō, from an innovative instrumental singular*próh₁ derived fromProto-Indo-European*pró(“toward”).Use with accusative nouns is originally by analogy toante, amplified in Late Latin due to the merger of other cases with the accusative.
“pro”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“pro”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"pro", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894),Latin Phrase-Book[4], London:Macmillan and Co.
to make up, stir up a fire:ignem excitare (pro Mur. 25. 51)
as well as I can; to the best of my ability:pro viribus orpro mea parte
as well as I can; to the best of my ability:pro virili parte (cf. sect. V. 22.)
to die for one's country:mortem occumbere pro patria
to shed one's blood for one's fatherland:sanguinem suum pro patria effundere orprofundere
to sacrifice oneself for one's country:vitam profundere pro patria
to sacrifice oneself for one's country:se morti offerre pro salute patriae
according to circumstances:pro re (nata), pro tempore
according to circumstances:pro tempore et pro re
to avoid no risk in order to..:nullum periculum recusare pro
to show gratitude (in one's acts):gratiam alicui referre (meritam, debitam) pro aliqua re
to thank a person (in words):gratias alicui agere pro aliqua re
to return good for evil:pro maleficiis beneficia reddere
according to a man's deserts:ex, pro merito
to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter:pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
this much I can vouch for:illud pro certo affirmare licet
to quote an argument in favour of immortality:argumentum immortalitatis afferre (notpro)
this goes to prove what I say:hoc est a (pro) me
the matter speaks for itself:res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
to translate literally, word for word (notverbo tenus):verbum pro verbo reddere
to be security for some one:sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo
to revenge oneself on another for a thing or on some one's behalf:ulcisci aliquem pro aliquo orpro aliqua re
to give some one satisfaction for an injury:satisfacere alicui pro (de) iniuriis
to tell lies:falsa (pro veris) dicere
a religious war:bellum pro religionibus susceptum
to sacrifice human victims:pro victimis homines immolare
to fight for hearth and home:pro ariset focis pugnare, certare, dimicare
to support a bill (before the people):pro lege dicere
to go to Cilicia as pro-consul:pro consule in Ciliciam proficisci
to give evidence on some one's behalf:testimonium dicere pro aliquo
to state as evidence:pro testimonio dicere
to defend a person:causam dicere pro aliquo
to punish some one:ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re)
to be on duty before the gates:stationes agere pro portis
pro inRamminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)),Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[5], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Bons fut li sècles al tens ancienur, si ert créḍance, dunt or n'i a nulprut. Tut est muḍez, perdut aḍ sa colur.
Good was the time of the ancients, as there was trust, in which nowadays there is noprofit. Everything has changed and has lost its color.
11th century, Chanson de Roland,221-222:
E dist al Rei : « Ja mar crerez bricun, / Ne mei ne altre, se de vostreprod nun. [...] »
(Ganelon speaks to Charlemaigne) And he said to the king, "You should never believe a madman: [believe] neither me nor anyone else, unless it is of youradvantage. [...]"
