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pra-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "pra"

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechpra-(“before (in time)”), fromProto-Slavic*pra-.^[1]

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [pra ]

Prefix

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pra-

great-(removed by one generation from)
‎pra- + ‎dědeček → ‎pradědeček(“great-grandfather”)
‎pra- + ‎babička → ‎prababička(“great-grandmother”)
fore-(ancestor)
‎pra- + ‎otec → ‎praotec(“forefather”)
‎pra- + ‎máti → ‎pramáti(“foremother”)
primaeval,primary
‎pra- + ‎les → ‎prales(“primaeval forest”)
‎pra- + ‎člověk → ‎pračlověk(“primaeval man”)
‎pra- + ‎hmota → ‎prahmota(“primary matter”)
(linguistics)proto-
Synonym:proto-
‎pra- + ‎čeština → ‎pračeština(“Proto-Czech”)
‎pra- + ‎slovanština → ‎praslovanština(“Proto-Slavic”)
very,extremely(intensifying the meaning of the original adjective)
‎pra- + ‎podivný → ‎prapodivný(“very strange”)
‎pra- + ‎malý → ‎pramalý(“extremely small”)

Derived terms

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Czech terms prefixed with pra-

Related terms

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(very):prach-

References

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^Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “pra-”, inČeský etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA,→ISBN, page545

Esperanto

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromRussianпра-(pra-) andPolishpra-.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /pra/
Rhymes:-a
Hyphenation: pra

Prefix

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pra-

ur-;primitive;primordial;prehistoric
‎pra- + ‎arbaro(“forest”) → ‎praarbaro(“primordialforest”)
‎pra- + ‎besto(“animal”) → ‎prabesto(“prehistoric animal”)
‎pra- + ‎homo(“human being”) → ‎prahomo(“primitiveman”)
fore-
‎pra- + ‎patroj(“fathers”) → ‎prapatroj(“forefathers”)
‎pra- + ‎ulo(“person”) → ‎praulo(“ancestor”)
great-
‎pra- + ‎avo(“grandfather”) → ‎praavo(“great-grandfather”)
‎pra- + ‎onklino(“aunt”) → ‎praonklino(“great-aunt”)
‎pra- + ‎nepo(“grandson”) → ‎pranepo(“great-grandson”)

Derived terms

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praa(“ancient”)
praulo(“ancestor”)

Esperanto terms prefixed with pra-

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromOld Javanesepra-, fromSanskritप्र-(pra-), fromProto-Indo-Aryan*pra-, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*pra-, fromProto-Indo-European*pro-.

Prefix

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pra-

pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand
prasekolah ―preschool
prasejarah ―prehistory
prakata ―preface

Derived terms

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Indonesian terms prefixed with pra-

Malay

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Etymology

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There are two theories as to whence the prefix came:

Frompera- fromSanskritप्र-(pra-) (either viaThaiประ(bprà)^[1] orOld Javanesepra-) fromProto-Indo-Aryan*pra-, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*pra-, fromProto-Indo-European*pro-; later callibration of spelling in post-independent Malayan and Malaysian standard with Indonesian counterpart which directly borrowed from modern Javaneseꦥꦿ-(pra-)
Learned borrowing fromLatinprae-.^[2]

Older Sanskrit loans likeperdana (from प्रधानpradhāna) andperkara (from प्रकारprakāra) are more likely to suffix withper-.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [pra-]
Hyphenation:pra-

Prefix

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pra- (Jawi spellingڤرا‌‌ -)

Before; earlier in time;beforehand;pre-.
Antonym:pasca-
prasekolah ―preschool

Derived terms

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Malay terms prefixed with pra-

References

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^Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “pĕra”, inA Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page507
^Asmah Haji Omar (1978) “The Role of Language Standardisation in the Coining of Technical Terms in Bahasa Malaysia”, inPapers from the Conference on the Standardisation of Asian Languages, Manila, Philippines, December 16-21, 1974‎^[1], page235: “In this way, such affixes prove that their existence can be regarded as indispensable regardless of their language contexts. Examples of this are-ism,pra- (Latinprae-),pro-,anti-,sub-,supra-,super- etc.”

Old Javanese

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromSanskritप्र-(pra-), fromProto-Indo-Aryan*pra-, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*pra-, fromProto-Indo-European*pro-.

Prefix

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pra-

apart of.

Alternative forms

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par-

Descendants

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→ Indonesian:pra-(learned)
- → Malay:pra-(learned)

Etymology 2

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Prefix

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pra-

Alternative spelling ofpara-

Derived terms

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Old Javanese terms prefixed with pra-

pranūsa

prajurit

Polish

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European*per-

Proto-Indo-European*preh₂-der.

Proto-Slavic*pra-

Polishpra-

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*pra-.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /pra/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-a
Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]

Prefix

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pra-

proto-,pre-,ur-
‎pra- + ‎porządek → ‎praporządek(“preorder”)
‎pra- + ‎język → ‎prajęzyk(“proto-language”)
‎pra- + ‎stary → ‎prastary(“ancient”)
prepended toancestors beforegrandparents;great-
‎pra- + ‎dziadek → ‎pradziadek(“great-grandfather”)
‎pra- + ‎babcia → ‎prababcia(“great-grandmother”)
prepended todescendants aftergrandchildren;great-
‎pra- + ‎wnuk → ‎prawnuk(“great-grandson”)
‎pra- + ‎wnuczka → ‎prawnuczka(“great-granddaughter”)