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pole

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "pole"

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishpole,pal, fromOld Englishpāl(“a pole, stake, post; a kind of hoe or spade”), fromProto-West Germanic*pāl(“pole”), fromLatinpālus(“stake, pale, prop, stay”), perhaps fromOld Latin*paxlos, fromProto-Italic*pākslos, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*peh₂ǵ-(“to nail, fasten”).Doublet ofpeel,pale, andpalus.

Cognates

Cognate withScotspale,paill(“stake, pale”),North Frisianpul,pil(“stake, pale”), Saterland FrisianPool(“pole”),West Frisianpoal(“pole”),Dutchpaal(“pole”),GermanPfahl(“pile, stake, post, pole”),Danishpæl(“pole”),Swedishpåle(“pole”),Icelandicpáll(“hoe, spade, pale”),Old Englishfæc(“space of time, while, division, interval; lustrum”).

Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. Originally, astick; now specifically, along andslenderpiece ofmetal or (especially)wood, used forvariousconstruction orsupportpurposes.
    • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
      For a spell we done pretty well. Then there came a reg'lar terror of a sou'wester same as you don't get one summer in a thousand, and blowed the shanty flat and ripped about half of the weirpoles out of the sand.
    • 2019, Abby Chava Stein,Becoming Eve, Seal Press, page26:
      There she was, walking around with an IVpole, and we were only told that "Mommy isn't feeling so well, so she has to be connected to a special soda."
  2. A construction by which ananimal isharnessed to acarriage.
    Synonyms:carriage pole,beam,shaft,drawbar
    Meronyms:pole-guard,pole-hook,pole-hound,pole-pad,pole-pin,pole-pin-strap,pole-plate,pole-ring,pole-screen,pole-socket,pole-stop,pole-strap
  3. (fishing) A type of basicfishing rod.
  4. A long sports implement used forpole-vaulting; now made ofglassfiber orcarbon fiber, formerly alsometal,bamboo andwood have been used.
  5. (slang, spotting) Atelescope used to identify birds, aeroplanes or wildlife.
  6. (historical) A unit of length, equal to arod (1⁄4chain or 5+1⁄2yards).
  7. (motor racing) Apole position.
  8. (US, African-American Vernacular, slang) Arifle.
  9. (vulgar, slang) Apenis.
  10. (cricket, slang) Awicket, especially in the context of the number of wickets taken by a particularbowler.
    Only three cricketers have taken all 10poles in a Test innings.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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long and slender object for construction or support—see alsorod
carriage pole—seebeam
type of fishing rod
long and slender object for propelling a boat
implement for pole-vaulting
telescope
unit of length
motor racing: pole position—see alsopole position
(vulgar) penis

Verb

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pole (third-person singular simple presentpoles,present participlepoling,simple past and past participlepoled)

  1. Topropel by pushing with poles, to push with a pole.
    Huck Finnpoled that raft southward down the Mississippi because going northward against the current was too much work.
  2. To identify something quite precisely using a telescope.
    Hepoled off the serial of the Gulfstream to confirm its identity.
  3. (transitive) To furnish with poles for support.
    topole beans or hops
  4. (transitive) Toconvey on poles.
    topole hay into a barn
  5. (transitive) Tostir, as molten glass, with a pole.
  6. (transitive, baseball) To strike (the ball) very hard.
    • 2007, Tony Silvia,Baseball Over the Air:
      Long hadpoled the ball into the lower deck in right center.
  7. (transitive, metallurgy) To treat (copper) by blowing natural gas or other reducing agent through the molten oxide, burning off the oxygen.
    topole copper
Translations
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propel by pushing with poles

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Frenchpole,pôle, fromLatinpolus, fromAncient Greekπόλος(pólos,“axis of rotation”).

Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. Either of the two points on theearth's surface around which itrotates; also, similar points on any other rotating object.
  2. A point ofmagnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of amagnet (designated north and south).
  3. (figuratively, by extension) Any of a small set ofextremes; especially, either of two extremes that are possible or available.
    In discussing alternatives to the polar extremes, Professor Nguyen mentioned twopoles of a filthy floor versus a sterile surgical site.
    • 1929, Abraham Zevi Idelsohn,Jewish Music: Its Historical Development, page194:
      Genuine music is the offspring of profound emotion: of exaltation, pain, or joy. Music produced outside of a situation between thesepoles of the human heart is of banal character, bloodless, watery.
  4. (geometry) A fixedpoint relative to other points or lines.
  6. (electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as abattery) at which electric current enters or leaves.
  7. (complex analysis) For ameromorphic functionf(z){\displaystyle f(z)}, any pointa{\displaystyle a} for whichf(z)→∞{\displaystyle f(z)\rightarrow \infty } asz→a{\displaystyle z\rightarrow a}.
    The functionf(z)=1z−3{\displaystyle f(z)={\frac {1}{z-3}}} has a singlepole atz=3{\displaystyle z=3}.
  8. (obsolete) The firmament; the sky.
  9. Either of the states that characterize abipolar disorder.
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of“complex analysis”):zero
Derived terms
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Terms derived frompole (Etymology 2)
Translations
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extreme of an axis
magnetic point
contact on an electrical device
isolated point of a meromorphic function (complex analysis)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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pole (third-person singular simple presentpoles,present participlepoling,simple past and past participlepoled)

  1. (transitive) Toinducepiezoelectricity in (a substance) byaligning thedipoles.
Derived terms
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Anagrams

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Äiwoo

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Verb

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pole

  1. towork (in a garden or field)

References

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Alemannic German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanboln.

Verb

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pole

  1. (Uri) tomakenoise,clatter,rumble

References

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Czech

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CzechWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediacs

Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechpole, fromProto-Slavic*poľe.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole n

  1. (agriculture)field
  2. (physics)field
  3. (algebra)field
    Synonym:komutativní těleso
  4. (computing)field
  5. (programming)array

Declension

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Declension ofpole (soft neuter)
singularplural
nominativepolepole
genitivepolepolí
dativepolipolím
accusativepolepole
vocativepolepole
locativepolipolích
instrumentalpolempoli

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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pole

  1. inPolish

Estonian

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Etymology

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Contraction ofepole (Modern:eiole).ep is the old 3rd person singular form of the negative verb.

Verb

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pole

  1. contraction ofei +‎ole

Galician

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Etymology 1

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FromLatinpollen.

Noun

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pole m (pluralpoles)

  1. pollen
  2. (motor racing)pole position
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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pole

  1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofpulir

Latin

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Noun

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pole

  1. vocativesingular ofpolus

References

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  • "pole", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • “pole”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishpāl, fromLatinpālus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pole (pluralpoles)

  1. pole,stake,staff

Descendants

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References

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Nubi

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromSwahilipole.

Interjection

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póle

  1. sorry
    pole ma kasul!
    sorry for washing (the clothes)!

References

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Old Czech

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Alternative forms

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  • poľe(alternative writing)

Etymology

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Etymology tree

    Inherited fromProto-Slavic*pȍľe.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pole n

    1. field(land area; wide open space)
      polem / napoli ―outside
      přěspole přějěti/jězditi ―to have sex
    2. plain
    3. battlefield,battleground
      polem / vpoli ležěti ―(please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Declension

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    Declension ofpole (soft o-stem)
    singulardualplural
    nominativepolepolipole
    genitivepolepoľúpolí
    dativepoľupoľomapoľóm
    accusativepolepolipole
    vocativepolepolipole
    locativepoli,poľupoľúpolích
    instrumentalpolempoľomapoli
    This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Further reading

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    Old Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree

      Inherited fromProto-Slavic*pȍľe. First attested in 1250.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/pɔlʲɛ/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE)/pɔlʲɛ/

      Noun

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      pole n (related adjectivepolny)

      1. field(arable land)
        • 1930 [c.1455], “Ex”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎transliteration,transcription,9, 25:
          Zbyl gest grad we wszey szemy egipskyey wszitko, czsosz bilo napolyech (in agris)
          [Zbił jest grad we wszej ziemi ejipskiej wszytko, csoż było napolech (in agris)]
        • 1962 [c.1420], Stanisław Urbańczyk, editor,Wokabularz trydencki‎[2], number 7:
          Ruspole, inde rusticus
          [Ruspole, inde rusticus]
      2. (figuratively, attested in Sieradz-Łęczyca, Greater Poland)crops from afield
      3. (attested in Lesser Poland)field(open land)
        • 1930 [c.1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎transliteration,transcription,4, 8:
          A gdisz napolu (in agro) bilasta, podnosl szø Kayn ku Ablowy
          [A gdyż napolu (in agro) byłasta, podniosł się Kain ku Ablowi]
        • 1962-1975 [1439], Stanisław Kuraś, Irena Sułkowska-Kuraś, editors,Zbiór dokumentów małopolskich [A collection of documents from Lesser Poland]‎[4], volume II,Lesser Poland, page311:
          Quia ex recognicione fratrum predictorum... cessit castrum Bankowecz cum villis..., item in campo al. wpolyu ville Gebolthow, et utraque Cowalicow, Maloschow... de his fratri predicto iuniori cesserunt
          [Quia ex recognicione fratrum predictorum... cessit castrum Bąkowiec cum villis..., item in campo al. wpolu ville Giebołtow, et utraque Kowalikow, Małoszow... de his fratri predicto iuniori cesserunt]
        • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scantransliteration,transcription, numbers131, 6,Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
          Naleszly gesmy gy wpolech (in campis) lassa
          [Naleźli jeśmy ji wpolech (in campis) lasa]
        • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎scantransliteration,transcription, numbers103, 12,Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament]:
          Pycz bødzye wszytek zwyerzpola (agri)
          [Pić będzie wszytek źwierzpola (agri)]
      4. (attested in Masovia)campsite;battlefield
      5. outside(area not in a building)
        • Middle of the 15th century,Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎[5], page132:
          Vyschly napolye (ad campum), nalyezly Yesvsa chodzącz y tam, y szam
          [Wyszli napole i naleźli Jesusa chodząc i tam i sam]
      6. (heraldry)background
        • 1856-1870 [1455], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor,Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki‎[6], volume VII, number610:
          Niccolaus post awam suam est de sangwine et armis ipsorum dictis Stanczowye, proclamacio autem ipsorum Nabra, deferentes in clipeo tres lineas vlg. trzy *polye in longitudine clipei
          [Niccolaus post awam suam est de sangwine et armis ipsorum dictis Stańcowie, proclamacio autem ipsorum Nabra, deferentes in clipeo tres lineas vlg. trzypola in longitudine clipei5]
      7. (attested in Greater Poland)corruption ofopole
        • 1840 [1252], Edward Raczyński, editor,Kodex dyplomatyczny Wielkiej Polski zawierający bulle papieżów, nadania książąt, przywileje miast, klasztorów i wsi, wraz z innemi podobnej treści dyplomatami tyczącemi się historyi tej prowincyi od roku 1136 do roku 1597‎[7],Greater Poland, page257:
          Dedimus omnimodam libertatem... a podworowe, abpole, a bove et vacca annuali
          [Dedimus omnimodam libertatem... a podworowe, abpole, a bove et vacca annuali]

      Derived terms

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      nouns
      verbs

      Descendants

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      References

      [edit]
      • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “pole”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
      • Mańczak, Witold (2017), “pole”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
      • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “pole”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
      • B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pole”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

      Polish

      [edit]
      PolishWikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipediapl
      pole

      Pronunciation

      [edit]
       

      Etymology 1

      [edit]
      Etymology tree

        Inherited fromOld Polishpole.Doublet ofpolje.

        Noun

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        pole n (diminutivepólkoorpoletko,related adjectivepolny)

        1. (countable, agriculture)field(land for cultivation)
          Synonyms:łan,niwa
        2. (countable)field(land designated for some activity)
        3. field(area characterized by some activity, i.e. battle)
          Synonym:teren
        4. (uncountable, Kraków, Żywiec)outside(area not inside a building)
          Synonym:dwór
        5. (countable, sports)field.ground,pitch
        6. (countable)field(part of some surface)
        7. (countable)field(extent of someone's interest or activities)
          Synonym:dziedzina
        8. (uncountable)field(freedom of action or choice) [withdo(+genitive)‘for what’]
          Synonym:możliwość
        9. (countable, physics)field(physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region)
        10. (uncountable, mathematics)field(number that expresses the area of a given geometric figure in square units)
          Synonym:powierzchnia
        11. (computing)field(area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)
        12. (obsolete)background(part of an image that is not the main part)
        13. (obsolete, anatomy)group of nerve cells located close to each other in the central nervous system and performing the same function
        14. (obsolete, hunting)hunting ground
          Synonym:łowisko
        15. (obsolete)measure of land
        16. (Middle Polish, chess)field(area on a chessboard)
        17. (Middle Polish)The meaning of this term is uncertain.
          • 1564, J. Mączyński,Lexicon‎[8], page 9a:
            Fortuna anatina et anataria, Szcżeśćie ná káczepole.
            [Fortuna anatina et anataria, Szczęście na kaczepole.]
        18. (Near Masovian)strip ofclothing
          Synonym:bryt
        Declension
        [edit]
        Declension ofpole
        singularplural
        nominativepolepola
        genitivepolapól
        dativepolupolom
        accusativepolepola
        instrumentalpolempolami
        locativepolupolach
        vocativepolepola
        Derived terms
        [edit]
        nouns
        verbs
        verbs

        Trivia

        [edit]

        According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),pole is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 40 times in scientific texts, 6 times in news, 17 times in essays, 28 times in fiction, and 17 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 108 times, making it the 581st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

        Etymology 2

        [edit]

          Seepodle.

          Preposition

          [edit]

          pole

          1. (Kuyavia, Central Greater Poland)alternative form ofpodle(“next to,near”)

          Etymology 3

          [edit]

          See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

          Noun

          [edit]

          pole f

          1. dative/locativesingular ofpoła

          References

          [edit]
          1. ^Ida Kurcz (1990), “pole”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page395

          Further reading

          [edit]
          • pole inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
          • pole in Polish dictionaries at PWN
          • Maria Renata Mayenowa;Stanisław Rospond;Witold Taszycki;Stefan Hrabec;Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “pole”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
          • Dorota Adamiec (25.03.2019), “POLE”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
          • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego
          • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
          • A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “pole”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page525
          • Oskar Kolberg (1867), “pole”, inDzieła wszystkie: Kujawy (in Polish), page275
          • Zygmunt Wasilewski (1889), “pole”, inJagodne: wieś w powiecie łukowskim, gminie Dąbie: zarys etnograficzny‎[9] (in Polish), Warsaw: M. Arct, page245
          • Oskar Kolberg (1877), “pole”, in “Rzecz o mowie ludu wielkopolskiego”, inZbiór wiadomości do antropologii krajowéj (in Polish), volume 1, III (Materyjały etnologiczne), page22
          • Stanisław Ciszewski (1916), “pole”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, inPrace Filologiczne‎[10] (in Polish), volume8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page97
          • Izydor Kopernicki (1875), “pole”, in “Spostrzeżenia nad właściwościami językowémi w mowie Górali Bieskidowych z dodatkiem słowniczka wyrazów góralskich”, inRozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (I)‎[11], volume 3, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page374

          Serbo-Croatian

          [edit]

          Noun

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          pole (Cyrillic spellingполе)

          1. vocativesingular ofpol

          Silesian

          [edit]

          Etymology

          [edit]
          Etymology tree
          Proto-Slavic*pȍľe
          Old Polishpole
          Silesianpole

            Inherited fromOld Polishpole.

            Pronunciation

            [edit]

            Noun

            [edit]

            pole n (related adjectivepolny)

            1. field(open earth, especially for cultivation)
            2. (computing)field(area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls)
            3. (Cieszyn)(singular only)outside
              Synonyms:dwōr,plac
              Idym napole. ―I'm going outside.

            Declension

            [edit]
            Declension ofpole
            singularplural
            nominativepolepola
            genitivepolapolōw
            dativepolupolōm
            accusativepolepola
            instrumentalpolympolami/polōma
            locativepolupolach
            vocativepolepola

            Further reading

            [edit]
            • pole in dykcjonorz.eu
            • pole in silling.org

            Slovak

            [edit]
            SlovakWikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipediask

            Etymology

            [edit]

            Inherited fromProto-Slavic*poľe. First attested in the 12th century.[1]

            Pronunciation

            [edit]
            • IPA(key): /pɔʎe/,(high register)[ˈpɔʎe],(common)[ˈpɔle]
            • Rhymes:-ɔʎe
            • Hyphenation:po‧le

            Noun

            [edit]

            pole n (relational adjectivepoľný,diminutivepolíčko)

            1. field

            Declension

            [edit]
            Declension ofpole
            (patternsrdce)
            singularplural
            nominativepolepolia
            genitivepoľapolí
            dativepoľupoliam
            accusativepolepolia
            locativepolipoliach
            instrumentalpoľompoľami

            References

            [edit]
            1. ^Králik, Ľubor (2016), “pole”, inStručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV,→ISBN, page454

            Further reading

            [edit]
            • Peciar, Štefan, editor (1959–1968), “pole”, inSlovník slovenského jazyka [Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–6 (A – Ž; Doplnky, Dodatky), Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo SAV,→OCLC
            • “pole”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2026

            Spanish

            [edit]

            Etymology 1

            [edit]

            Borrowed fromEnglishpole position.

            Noun

            [edit]

            pole m (pluralpoles)

            1. (motor racing)pole position
              Synonym:primera posición

            Etymology 2

            [edit]

            Verb

            [edit]

            pole

            1. inflection ofpolir:
              1. third-personsingularpresentindicative
              2. second-personsingularimperative

            Swahili

            [edit]

            Etymology

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            Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
            Particularly: “Nurse and Hinnebusch (1993) p638 suggest ultimately from Common Bantu *póda to become quiet, see BLR 2589”

            Pronunciation

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            Interjection

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            pole (pluralpoleni)

            1. sorry

            See also

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            Adjective

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            -pole (declinable)

            1. calm,gentle

            Declension

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            Inflected forms of-pole
            Noun classsingularplural
            m-wa class(I/II)mpolewapole
            m-mi class(III/IV)mpolemipole
            ji-ma class(V/VI)polemapole
            ki-vi class(VII/VIII)kipolevipole
            n class(IX/X)polepole
            u class(XI)mpoleseen(X) orma(VI) class
            pa class(XVI)papole
            ku class(XVII)kupole
            mu class(XVIII)mupole

            Derived terms

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            Descendants

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