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plunder

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Plunderandplünder

English

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Etymology

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Recorded since 1632 during the Thirty Years War, native British use since the Cromwellian Civil War. Borrowed fromGermanplündern(“to loot”), fromMiddle High German, fromMiddle Low Germanplunderen, from a noun originally meaning "household goods, bedding, clothing," of obscure ultimate origin. This is first attested in medieval records, and according to Gijsseling, is therefore attested too late to be considered a substrate word.[1] Due to the lack of obvious cognates in other languages from which it would have been loaned, it could have developed as some slang word inLower Saxony/theLow Countries.

Cognate withDutchplunderen,West Frisianplonderje,Saterland Frisianplunnerje. Probably denominal from a word for “household goods, clothes, bedding”; compareMiddle Dutchplunder, GermanPlunder(“stuff”),Dutch andWest Frisianplunje(“clothes”).

The Philippine definition originates with the Anti-Plunder Act (Republic Act No. 7080).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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plunder (third-person singular simple presentplunders,present participleplundering,simple past and past participleplundered)

  1. (transitive) Topillage, take or destroy all the goods of, by force (as in war); toraid,sack.
    Synonym:ravage
    The mercenariesplundered the small town.
    The shopkeeper wasplundered of his possessions by the burglar.
  2. (transitive) To take (goods) by pillage.
    The mercenariesplundered all the goods they found.
  3. (intransitive) To take by force or wrongfully; to commitrobbery orlooting, toraid.
    “Now toplunder, mateys!” screamed a buccaneer, to cries of “Arrgh!” and “Aye!” all around.
  4. (transitive) To makeextensive (over)use of, as if byplundering; to use oruse up wrongfully.
    The minersplundered the jungle for its diamonds till it became a muddy waste.
  5. (transitive) To take unexpectedly.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to take all the goods of, by force (as in war) (transitive)—see alsoloot,‎pillage,‎ransack
to take by force or wrongfully
to commit robbery or looting (intransitive)
to use or use up wrongfully
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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plunder (uncountable)

  1. An instance of plundering.
  2. Theloot attained by plundering.
    Synonyms:seeThesaurus:booty
    The Hessian kept his choicestplunder in a sack that never left his person, for fear that his comrades would steal it.
  3. (slang, dated)Baggage;luggage.
    • 1880,The Peterson Magazine, volumes77-78, page215:
      […] till a long-legged boy brought him out of his revery, by an offer to carry his “plunder,” in whatsoever direction he might desire to direct his steps.
  4. (Philippines, crime) The crime of amassingill-gotten wealth by publicofficials through acombination or series of overtcriminal acts.

Derived terms

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Translations

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instance of plundering
loot attained by plundering

See also

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References

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  1. ^Witczak, Krzysztof (1996): The Pre-Germanic Substrata and Germanic Maritime Vocabulary, p. 173

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutchplunder, further etymology unknown. See the verbplunderen.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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plunder c (pluralplunders,diminutiveplundertje n)

  1. one'sproperty, (collective)possessions
    Synonyms:have (engoed),huisraad
    1. notablyfurniture and other (mainly small)homeinventory
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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plunder

  1. inflection ofplunderen:
    1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
    3. imperative
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