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plündern

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanplundern,plunderen, fromMiddle Low Germanplunderen,plünderen,plünren, fromMiddle Low Germanplunder,plonder(robbery, plunder", originally "thing, stuff), related toMiddle Low Germanplunde,plünde(junk, stuff, rags, old clothes), of obscure ultimate origin. This is first attested in medieval records, which according to Gijsseling, is therefore too late to be considered a substrate word.[1] Due to the lack of obvious cognates in other languages from which it would have been loaned, it could have developed as some slang word inLower Saxony/theLow Countries.

CompareMiddle Low Germanplundich(raggedy, tattered, shabby). Cognate withDutchplunderen,West Frisianplonderje, and (by borrowing from Early Modern German)Englishplunder. Related also toGermanPlunder(stuff).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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plündern (weak,third-person singular presentplündert,past tenseplünderte,past participlegeplündert,auxiliaryhaben)

  1. (transitive or intransitive) toloot; toplunder; topillage; toraid(to steal large amounts (from), especially in a state of war or catastrophe)
  2. (colloquial, transitive) to take or buy a lot from (e.g. a refrigerator, a shop)

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofplündern (weak, auxiliaryhaben)
infinitiveplündern
present participleplündernd
past participlegeplündert
auxiliaryhaben
indicativesubjunctive
singularpluralsingularplural
presentichplündre
ichplündere
ichplünder
wirplünderniichplündere
ichplündre
wirplündern
duplünderstihrplündertduplünderest
duplündrest
ihrplünderet
ihrplündret
erplündertsieplündernerplündere
erplündre
sieplündern
preteriteichplündertewirplünderteniiichplünderte1wirplünderten1
duplündertestihrplündertetduplündertest1ihrplündertet1
erplündertesieplündertenerplünderte1sieplünderten1
imperativeplündre (du)
plünder (du)
plündere (du)
plündert (ihr)

1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative inwürde normally preferred.

Composed forms ofplündern (weak, auxiliaryhaben)
perfect
singularpluralsingularplural
indicativeichhabegeplündertwirhabengeplündertsubjunctiveichhabegeplündertwirhabengeplündert
duhastgeplündertihrhabtgeplündertduhabestgeplündertihrhabetgeplündert
erhatgeplündertsiehabengeplünderterhabegeplündertsiehabengeplündert
pluperfect
indicativeichhattegeplündertwirhattengeplündertsubjunctiveichhättegeplündertwirhättengeplündert
duhattestgeplündertihrhattetgeplündertduhättestgeplündertihrhättetgeplündert
erhattegeplündertsiehattengeplünderterhättegeplündertsiehättengeplündert
future i
infinitiveplündernwerdensubjunctive iichwerdeplündernwirwerdenplündern
duwerdestplündernihrwerdetplündern
erwerdeplündernsiewerdenplündern
indicativeichwerdeplündernwirwerdenplündernsubjunctive iiichwürdeplündernwirwürdenplündern
duwirstplündernihrwerdetplündernduwürdestplündernihrwürdetplündern
erwirdplündernsiewerdenplündernerwürdeplündernsiewürdenplündern
future ii
infinitivegeplünderthabenwerdensubjunctive iichwerdegeplünderthabenwirwerdengeplünderthaben
duwerdestgeplünderthabenihrwerdetgeplünderthaben
erwerdegeplünderthabensiewerdengeplünderthaben
indicativeichwerdegeplünderthabenwirwerdengeplünderthabensubjunctive iiichwürdegeplünderthabenwirwürdengeplünderthaben
duwirstgeplünderthabenihrwerdetgeplünderthabenduwürdestgeplünderthabenihrwürdetgeplünderthaben
erwirdgeplünderthabensiewerdengeplünderthabenerwürdegeplünderthabensiewürdengeplünderthaben

Related terms

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References

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  1. ^Witczak, Krzysztof (1996): The Pre-Germanic Substrata and Germanic Maritime Vocabulary, p. 173

Further reading

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=plündern&oldid=86932117"
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