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Inflection ofperna (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		perna	pernat
genitive		pernan	pernojen
partitive		pernaa	pernoja
illative		pernaan	pernoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		perna	pernat
accusative	nom.	perna	pernat
accusative	gen.	pernan	pernat
genitive		pernan	pernojen pernain^rare
partitive		pernaa	pernoja
inessive		pernassa	pernoissa
elative		pernasta	pernoista
illative		pernaan	pernoihin
adessive		pernalla	pernoilla
ablative		pernalta	pernoilta
allative		pernalle	pernoille
essive		pernana	pernoina
translative		pernaksi	pernoiksi
abessive		pernatta	pernoitta
instructive		—	pernoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofperna(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pernani	pernani
accusative	nom.	pernani	pernani
accusative	gen.	pernani	pernani
genitive		pernani	pernojeni pernaini^rare
partitive		pernaani	pernojani
inessive		pernassani	pernoissani
elative		pernastani	pernoistani
illative		pernaani	pernoihini
adessive		pernallani	pernoillani
ablative		pernaltani	pernoiltani
allative		pernalleni	pernoilleni
essive		pernanani	pernoinani
translative		pernakseni	pernoikseni
abessive		pernattani	pernoittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pernoineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pernasi	pernasi
accusative	nom.	pernasi	pernasi
accusative	gen.	pernasi	pernasi
genitive		pernasi	pernojesi pernaisi^rare
partitive		pernaasi	pernojasi
inessive		pernassasi	pernoissasi
elative		pernastasi	pernoistasi
illative		pernaasi	pernoihisi
adessive		pernallasi	pernoillasi
ablative		pernaltasi	pernoiltasi
allative		pernallesi	pernoillesi
essive		pernanasi	pernoinasi
translative		pernaksesi	pernoiksesi
abessive		pernattasi	pernoittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pernoinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pernamme	pernamme
accusative	nom.	pernamme	pernamme
accusative	gen.	pernamme	pernamme
genitive		pernamme	pernojemme pernaimme^rare
partitive		pernaamme	pernojamme
inessive		pernassamme	pernoissamme
elative		pernastamme	pernoistamme
illative		pernaamme	pernoihimme
adessive		pernallamme	pernoillamme
ablative		pernaltamme	pernoiltamme
allative		pernallemme	pernoillemme
essive		pernanamme	pernoinamme
translative		pernaksemme	pernoiksemme
abessive		pernattamme	pernoittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pernoinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pernanne	pernanne
accusative	nom.	pernanne	pernanne
accusative	gen.	pernanne	pernanne
genitive		pernanne	pernojenne pernainne^rare
partitive		pernaanne	pernojanne
inessive		pernassanne	pernoissanne
elative		pernastanne	pernoistanne
illative		pernaanne	pernoihinne
adessive		pernallanne	pernoillanne
ablative		pernaltanne	pernoiltanne
allative		pernallenne	pernoillenne
essive		pernananne	pernoinanne
translative		pernaksenne	pernoiksenne
abessive		pernattanne	pernoittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pernoinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		pernansa	pernansa
accusative	nom.	pernansa	pernansa
accusative	gen.	pernansa	pernansa
genitive		pernansa	pernojensa pernainsa^rare
partitive		pernaansa	pernojaan pernojansa
inessive		pernassaan pernassansa	pernoissaan pernoissansa
elative		pernastaan pernastansa	pernoistaan pernoistansa
illative		pernaansa	pernoihinsa
adessive		pernallaan pernallansa	pernoillaan pernoillansa
ablative		pernaltaan pernaltansa	pernoiltaan pernoiltansa
allative		pernalleen pernallensa	pernoilleen pernoillensa
essive		pernanaan pernanansa	pernoinaan pernoinansa
translative		pernakseen pernaksensa	pernoikseen pernoiksensa
abessive		pernattaan pernattansa	pernoittaan pernoittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	pernoineen pernoinensa

Synonyms

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lien,splen(medical vocabulary)

Derived terms

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compounds

References

[edit]

^Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004)Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY,→ISBN

Galician

[edit]

Etymology

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseperna (13th century,Cantigas de Santa Maria), fromLatinperna. Cognate withPortugueseperna andSpanishpierna.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾna̝/

Noun

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perna f (pluralpernas)

leg
- 1435, A. López Carreira,Fragmentos de notarios, doc. E2-8:
  ... que aderençaran ao dito Goterre Afonso et que o dito Fernando de Mourelos que sacara a espada da beyna contra o dito Goterre Afonso por lo matar, et seus conpaneiros como lo viran sacar que o ajudaran contra o dito Goterre Afonso, do qual lle logo deran huna grande ferida en hunaperna esqerda, en que o feriran debayxo do gionllo ata o qualquanar
  ... they approached said Goterre Afonso and that the mentioned Fernando de Mourelos extracted the sword from its scabbard against said Goterre Afonso, for killing him; and his companions, as they saw this, helped him against said Goterre Afonso, and consequently he gave him a large wound in the leftleg, in which he injured him from under the knee till the heel
(anatomy)shin, the region between theknee andankle

References

[edit]

Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “perna”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “perna”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “perna”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “perna”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “perna”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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FromPortugueseperna. Cognate withKabuverdianuperna.

Noun

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perna

Ingrian

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Alternative forms

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perta

Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*përna. Cognates includeFinnishperna andEstonianpõrn.

Pronunciation

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(Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key): /ˈpernɑ/,[ˈpe̞rn]
(Soikkola)IPA^(key): /ˈpernɑ/,[ˈpe̞rnɑ]
Rhymes:-ern,-ernɑ
Hyphenation:per‧na

Noun

[edit]

perna

pancreas
- 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. J. Molotsova,Loonnontiito oppikirja alkușkoulua vart (toin osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page83:
  Vatsanmaost männöö pitkä hoikka sooli. Senen alkuossaa vootaa pernamahla, kumpa tekahuupernaas, vatsanmaon al.
  From the stomach stretches the long small intestine. Into its beginning part flows the pancreatic juice, which is formedin the pancreas, below the stomach.

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofperna (type 3/kana, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernat
genitive	pernan	pernoin
partitive	pernaa	pernoja
illative	pernaa	pernoi
inessive	pernaas	pernois
elative	pernast	pernoist
allative	pernalle	pernoille
adessive	pernaal	pernoil
ablative	pernalt	pernoilt
translative	pernaks	pernoiks
essive	pernanna,pernaan	pernoinna,pernoin
exessive¹⁾	pernant	pernoint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl) ^*) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka^? or-kä^? to thegenitive.

Derived terms

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pernamahla

References

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Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page399

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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FromPortugueseperna.

Noun

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perna

Latin

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Pronunciation

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(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): /ˈper.na/,[ˈpɛrnä]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): /ˈper.na/,[ˈpɛrnä]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Italic*persnā, fromProto-Indo-European*tpḗrsneh₂(“heel”). Cognate withAncient Greekπτέρνη(ptérnē),Sanskritपार्ष्णि(pā́rṣṇi),Gothic𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌽𐌰(fairzna,“heel”),Persianپاشنه(pâšne,“heel”).^[1]

Noun

[edit]

perna f (genitivepernae);first declension

Ahaunch orham together with the leg,gammon.
(of animals) Athigh-bone, with the meat upon it to the knee-joint, aleg of pork, aham orgammon of bacon.
a kind ofmussel

Declension

[edit]

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernae
genitive	pernae	pernārum
dative	pernae	pernīs
accusative	pernam	pernās
ablative	pernā	pernīs
vocative	perna	pernae

Derived terms

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pernārius
>? Medieval Latin:*pernula – seeperula for possible descendants of*pernula

Descendants

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Ancient Greek:πέρνα(pérna)
Asturian:pierna
Catalan:perna
Italian:perno
Mirandese:pierna
Old Galician-Portuguese:perna
- Fala:perna,pelna
- Galician:perna
- Portuguese:perna (see there for further descendants)
Sicilian:perna
Spanish:pierna
→ Translingual:Perna

Etymology 2

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Seeperula.

Noun

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perna f (genitivepernae);first declension

Alternative form ofperula

Declension

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First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	perna	pernae
genitive	pernae	pernārum
dative	pernae	pernīs
accusative	pernam	pernās
ablative	pernā	pernīs
vocative	perna	pernae

References

[edit]

^De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “perna”, inEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,pages460-1

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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FromLatinperna.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.na/

Noun

[edit]

perna f (pluralpernas)

Descendants

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Fala:perna,pelna
Galician:perna
Portuguese:perna (see there for further descendants)

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Galician-Portugueseperna, fromLatinperna, fromProto-Indo-European*tpḗrsneh₂(“heel”). CompareGalicianperna andSpanishpierna.

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/[ˈpɛɦ.nɐ]

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/[ˈpɛɦ.nɐ]
- (São Paulo)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/
- (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛʁ.nɐ/
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɻ.na/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈpɛɾ.nɐ/

Hyphenation:per‧na
Audio(Brazil): (file)

Noun

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perna f (pluralpernas)

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Descendants

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Guinea-Bissau Creole:perna
Kabuverdianu:perna

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=perna&oldid=84216067"

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