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pen

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "pen"
Languages (23)
Translingual • English
Angloromani • Dalmatian • Danish • Dutch • Haitian Creole • Indonesian • Japanese • Mandarin • Mapudungun • Middle English • Mindiri • Mokilese • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Cornish • Portuguese • Rade • Romani • Tok Pisin • Volapük • Welsh
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping ofEnglishPenesak.

Symbol

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pen

  1. (international standards, obsolete)Former ISO 639-3language code forPenesak.

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

FromMiddle Englishpen,penne(“enclosure for animals”), fromOld Englishpenn(“enclosure, fold, pen”), fromProto-Germanic*pennō,*pannijō(“pin, bolt, nail, tack”), fromProto-Indo-European*bend-(“pointed peg, nail, edge”). Related topin.

Sense “prison” originally figurative extension to “enclosure for persons” (1845), later influenced bypenitentiary(“prison”), being analyzed as an abbreviation (1884).[1]

Noun

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pen (pluralpens)

  2. Anenclosure (enclosed area) used to containdomesticated animals, especiallysheep orcattle.
    There are two steers in the thirdpen.
  3. (slang) Apenitentiary, i.e. a state or federal prison for convicted felons.
    They caught him with a stolen horse, and he wound up in thepen again.
  5. (baseball) Thebullpen.
    Two righties are up in thepen.
Derived terms
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Translations
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enclosure (enclosed area) for animals
penitentiary—seepenitentiary
(baseball) bullpen—seebullpen

Related terms

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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishpennen, fromOld English*pennian(“to close, lock, bolt”,attested inonpennian(“to open”)), derived frompenn (see above). Akin toLow Germanpennen(“to secure a door with a bolt”).

Verb

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pen (third-person singular simple presentpens,present participlepenning,simple past and past participlepennedorpent)

  1. (transitive) Toenclose in apen.
    • 1667,John Milton, “Book IV”, inParadise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […];[a]nd by Robert Boulter […];[a]nd Matthias Walker, […],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC:
      Watching where shepherdspen their flocks at eve.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to enclose

Etymology 3

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Aballpoint pen, showing assembly.

FromMiddle Englishpenne, fromAnglo-Normanpenne, fromOld Frenchpenne, fromLatinpenna(“feather”), fromProto-Indo-European*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-(“feather, wing”), from*peth₂-(“to rush, fly”) (from whichpetition). Proto-Indo-European base also root of*petra-, from whichAncient Greekπτερόν(pterón,“wing”) (whencepterodactyl),Sanskritपत्रम्(patram,“wing, feather”),Old Church Slavonicперо(pero,“pen”),Old Norsefjǫðr,Old Englishfeþer,feðer (Modern Englishfeather);[1] note the /p/ → /f/ Germanic sound change.

Doublet ofpanne,penna, andpinna. Seefeather andπέτομαι(pétomai) for more.

Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

pen (pluralpens)

  2. A tool, originally made from afeather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used towrite or make marks.
    Hyponyms:ballpoint pen,ballpoint(ellipsis),ball pen,ballpen,biro(Commonwealth);dip pen,nib pen,fountain pen,stylographic pen;gel pen;autopen
    He took notes with apen.
    Please use apen, not a pencil, when filling out this form. Use black or blue ink only.
  4. (figurative) Awriter, or theirstyle.
    He has a sharppen.
    • 1655,Thomas Fuller,The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […],→OCLC,(please specify |book=I to XI):
      those learnedpens
  6. (colloquial) Marks ofink left by a pen.
    He's unhappy because he gotpen on his new shirt.
  7. Alight pen.
  9. (zoology) The internalcartilage skeleton of asquid, shaped like a pen.
    • 2017, Danna Staaf,Squid Empire, ForeEdge,→ISBN, page117:
      Apen is nothing more complex than a decalcified shell, so one mutation of the genes that controlled calcification could be all it took.
  11. (now rare, poetic, dialectal) Afeather, especially one of the flight feathers of a bird, angel etc.
  13. (poetic) Awing.
    • 1667,John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, inParadise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […];[a]nd by Robert Boulter […];[a]nd Matthias Walker, […],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC:
      but feather'd soon and fledge
      They summed theirpens, and soaring the air sublime
  15. Asyringe-like device forinjecting a dose of medication such asinsulin orepinephrine.(SeeInjector pen.)
    • 2023 August 29, Geri Krotow,A Wasp in the Woods, Tule Publishing,→ISBN:
      "I'm sure she had more than one EpiPen[…]" "But she didn't have one when she got stung or she'd have used it." By all appearances, Mariah died in the woods,[…] If she managed to grab thepen found under her leg from her bag or pocket, she never discharged it. But Crystal doesn't have these details. "Doesn't it make sense that she kept an extrapen in her cupboard, and one in her bag? The extrapen fell out, is all."
  17. Ellipsis ofvapor pen(“electronic cigarette”).
    a dabpen; a waxpen
Derived terms
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Translations
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writing tool
writer, or their style
light pen—seelight pen
internal cartilage skeleton of a squid
flight feather
wing—seewing

Verb

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pen (third-person singular simple presentpens,present participlepenning,simple past and past participlepenned)

  1. (transitive) Towrite (an article, a book, etc.).
    • 2008,BioWare,Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts,→ISBN,→OCLC, PC, scene: Nonuel:
      Prying open the crate, you discover a carefully wrapped, handwritten copy of one of Matriarch Dilinaga's treatises. It is unlikely shepenned it herself, but the flowing brushwork and intricate watercolor illustrations clearly show the hand of a master scribe.
    • 2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, inBBC‎[3]:
      His two most recent films are last year's Greyhound, a Hanks-penned World War Two thriller in which he plays a naval commander, and now News of the World, a Western set in the years immediately following the close of the US Civil War, directed by Paul Greengrass, which is premiering around the world on Netflix tomorrow.
    • 2021 December 29, Conrad Landin, “Glasgow Subway: a city institution”, inRAIL, number947, page45:
      It was in this era, too, that author andScotland the Brave songwriter Cliff HanleypennedThe Glasgow Underground, a tongue-in-cheek love letter to the Subway in song.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to write

Etymology 4

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Origin uncertain. Comparehen.

Noun

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pen (pluralpens)

  1. A femaleswan.
Synonyms
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Translations
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female swan

Etymology 5

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Clipping ofpenalty.

Noun

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pen (pluralpens)

  1. (soccer, slang)Penalty.
    England won 3-1 onpens.

Etymology 6

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Clipping ofpenetration.

Noun

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pen (pluralpens)

  1. (computing, informal)Penetration.
Derived terms
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Etymology 7

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By incorrect analogy withman →men.

Noun

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pen (uncountable)

  2. (humorous)plural ofpan

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “pen”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

See also

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Anagrams

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Angloromani

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromRomaniphen.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈpʰen],[ˈpen],[pʰɛn]

Noun

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pen

  1. sister
    Synonyms:minnipen,rakla
    Sa see pal te pen? ―(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

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References

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  • “pen”, inAngloromani Dictionary‎[4], The Manchester Romani Project,2004-2006, page132

Dalmatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinpānis,pānem.

Noun

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pen m

  1. (Ragusan)bread

Danish

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Etymology 1

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From lateOld Norsepenni, fromLatinpenna(“feather”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pen c (singular definitepennen,plural indefinitepenne)

  1. pen
  2. quill
  3. pane,peen
Declension
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Declension ofpen
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativepenpennenpennepennene
genitivepenspennenspennespennenes

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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pen (neuterpent,plural and definite singular attributivepene,comparativepenere,superlative (predicative)penest,superlative (attributive)peneste)

  1. obsolete spelling ofpæn

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchpenne, ultimately fromLatinpenna.Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pen f (pluralpennen,diminutivepennetje n)

  1. alongfeather of abird
  2. pen(writing utensil)
  3. pin
    Synonym:pin

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Anagrams

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Haitian Creole

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Haitian CreoleWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaht

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromFrenchpain(“bread”).

Noun

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pen

  1. bread
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromFrenchpin.

Noun

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pen

  1. Apine tree, especially theHispaniola pine.

References

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  • Targète, Jean and Urciolo, Raphael G.Haitian Creole-English dictionary (1993;→ISBN)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromDutchpen, fromLatinpenna(“feather, pen”).Doublet ofpena.

Noun

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pèn (pluralpen-pen)

  1. (nonstandard)alternative form ofpena(“pen”)
  2. (medicine)pin, metal used to fasten or as a bearing

Etymology 2

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Verb

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pen

  1. (slang)syncopic form ofpengen

Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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pen

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofペン

Mandarin

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Romanization

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pen

  1. nonstandard spelling ofpēn
  2. nonstandard spelling ofpén
  3. nonstandard spelling ofpěn
  4. nonstandard spelling ofpèn

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun

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Verb

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pen(Raguileo spelling)

  1. tosee
    Synonym:petun

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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pen

  2. alternative form ofpenne

Etymology 2

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FromOld Englishpenn, fromProto-Germanic*pennō, perhaps from the root ofpinn(“peg, pin”).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pen

  2. Anenclosedstructure forsecuringanimals.
Related terms
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Descendants
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References
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Mindiri

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Noun

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pen

  1. woman

Further reading

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  • Malcolm Ross,Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia,Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)

Mokilese

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Noun

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pen

  1. coconut, especially one thatcoconut milk can be drunk from

Inflection

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Forms ofpen
singularplural
demonstrative forms
1st person
(near speaker)		pennepenkai
2nd person
(near hearer)		pennenpenken
3rd person
(near neither speaker nor hearer)		pennopennok
article forms
indefinitepennoawpenpwi
definitepenwa

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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Possibly fromFrench.

Adjective

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pen (neuter singularpent,definite singular and pluralpene,comparativepenere,indefinite superlativepenest,definite superlativepeneste)

  1. nice
    pent vær ―nice weather
  2. neat
  3. beautiful,pretty
  4. handsome,good-looking

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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Possibly fromFrench.

Adjective

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pen (neuter singularpent,definite singular and pluralpene,comparativepenare,indefinite superlativepenast,definite superlativepenaste)

  1. nice
    pent vêr ―nice weather
  2. neat
  3. beautiful,pretty
  4. handsome,good-looking

References

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Old Cornish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*kʷennom.

Noun

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pen

  1. head

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Pseudo-anglicism, derived frompen.

Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes:-ɛn
  • Hyphenation:pen

Noun

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pen f (pluralpens)

  1. (Portugal, computerhardware)pen drive,flash drive(small portable device that connects to a computer via a USB port and is used to store and/or transfer data)
    Synonyms:chave de memória,pen-drive
    Comprei umapen de 16 GB. ―I bought a 16 GBflash drive.

Further reading

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Rade

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchpince.

Noun

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pen

  1. pincers

Romani

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Pronoun

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pen

  1. themselves(third-person plural reflexive pronoun)

See also

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Romani personal pronouns
numberpersonnominativeaccusativedativelocativeablativeinstrumentalpossessive
singularfirstmemanmanqemanθemanθarmançamiro,-i,-e
secondtututtuqetuθetuθartuçatiro,-i,-e
reflexive third—pespesqepesθepesθarpeçapesqero,-i,-e
thirdmovleslesqelesθelesθarleçalesqero,-i,-e
fojlalaqelaθelaθarlaçalaqero,-i,-e
pluralfirstamenamenqeamenθeamenθaramençaamaro,-i,-e
secondtumentumenqetumenθetumenθartumençatumaro,-i,-e
reflexive third—penpenqepenθepenθarpençapenqero,-i,-e
thirdonlenlenqelenθelenθarlençalenqero,-i,-e
Kalderash Romani personal pronouns
numberpersonnominativeaccusative (long and short forms)dativelocativeablativeinstrumentalpossessive
singularfirstmeman, mamángemándemándarmánsamúrro,-i,-e
secondtutut,tutúketútetútartúsatíro,-i,-e
reflexive third—pês,pepêskepêstepêstarpêsapêsko,-i,-e
thirdmwolês,lelêskelêstelêstarlêsalêsko,-i,-e
fwoila, lalákelátelátarlásaláko,-i,-e
pluralfirstameamên,ameamêngeamêndeamêndaramênsaamáro,-i,-e
secondtumetumên,tumetumêngetumêndetumêndartumênsatumáro,-i,-e
reflexive third—pên,pepêngepêndepêndarpênsapêngo,-i,-e
thirdwonlên,lelêngelêndelêndarlênsalêngo,-i,-e

Tok Pisin

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Etymology 1

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FromEnglishpaint.

Noun

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pen

  1. paint

Etymology 2

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FromEnglishpen.

Noun

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pen

  1. pen

Etymology 3

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FromEnglishpain.

Noun

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pen

  1. pain
    • 1989,Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea,Jenesis3:16:
      Na God i tokim meri olsem, “Bai mi givim yu bikpela hevi long taim yu gat bel. Na bai yu gat bikpelapen long taim yu karim pikinini. Tasol bai yu gat bikpela laik yet long man bilong yu, na bai em i bosim yu.”
      →New International Version translation

Volapük

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Noun

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pen (nominative pluralpens)

  1. pen

Declension

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Declension ofpen
singularplural
nominativepenpens
genitivepenapenas
dativepenepenes
accusativepenipenis
vocative1open!opens!
predicative2penupenus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Welsh

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Picture dictionary
pen
pen

Click on labels in the image

corff
corff
corff

Etymology

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  • FromMiddle Welsh andOld Welshpenn, fromProto-Brythonic*penn, fromProto-Celtic*kʷennom.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pen m (pluralpennau)

    1. (anatomy)head
    2. chief
      Synonym:prif
    3. top,apex
      Synonym:brig
    4. end,extremity
      Synonyms:blaen,ffin

    Derived terms

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    Adjective

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    pen (feminine singularpen,pluralpen,equativepenned,comparativepennach,superlativepennaf)

    1. head,chief
      Synonym:prif
    2. supreme,principal
      Synonyms:pennol,blaenol

    Usage notes

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    Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru documents examples of equative (cyn bynned) and comparative (pennach) degrees of comparison for the adjectival use of this noun.[1] In present day however, only the superlative degreepennaf is in use. For other nouns with a derived superlative but lacking other degrees of comparison, seeblaen(“front”),diwedd(“end, termination”) andôl(“back”).[2][3]

    Mutation

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    Mutated forms ofpen
    radicalsoftnasalaspirate
    penbenmhenphen

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

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    1. ^R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pen”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
    2. ^Bruce Griffiths; Dafydd Glyn Jones (1995), “Morffoleg y Gymraeg”, inGeiriadur yr Academi‎[1], archived fromthe original on21 August 2025, Comparative forms formed from nouns
    3. ^Peter Wyn Thomas (1996), “4. Yr Ymadrodd Enwol”, inGramadeg y Gymraeg‎[2] (in Welsh), Cardiff:University of Wales Press, retrieved21 August 2025, pages228-229

    Further reading

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    • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “pen”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pen&oldid=87601118"
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