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parliament

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Parliament

English

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WOTD – 17 June 2017
ThePalace of Westminster in London, England, which is theseat of theParliament of the United Kingdom

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishparlement, fromAnglo-Normanparliament,parlement,parliment andOld Frenchparlement(“discussion,meeting,negotiation;assembly,council”), fromparler(“tospeak”) +-ment(“-ment”,suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually indicating an action or state resulting from them) (fromLatin-mentum). CompareMedieval Latinparlamentum,parliamentum(“discussion, meeting; council orcourtsummoned by themonarch”),Italianparlamento andSicilianparramentu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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parliament (countable anduncountable,pluralparliaments)

  1. (now chiefly historical) A formalcouncil summoned (especially by a monarch) to discuss important issues.[from 13th c.]
    • 2014, “A brief history of the UK Parliament”, inBBC News‎[1]:
      By the 13th Century, aparliament was when kings met up with English barons to raise cash for fighting wars - mostly against Scotland.
  2. In many countries, thelegislative branch ofgovernment, adeliberativeassembly or set of assemblies whoseelected orappointedmembers meet todebate the majorpolitical issues of the day, make, amend, and repeallaws, authorize theexecutive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercisejudicial powers; alegislature.[from 14th c.]
    • 2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, inThe Guardian‎[2], London, archived fromthe original on19 April 2016:
      The row started over who will run forparliament in a wealthy rightwing constituency on the left bank in Paris, a safe seat for Sarkozy's ruling UMP.
  3. A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with anordinal number – for example,first parliament or12th parliament – or a descriptiveadjective – for example,Long Parliament,Short Parliament andRump Parliament).[from 14th c.]
    Following the general election, Jane Doe took her oath of office as a member of the nation's fifthparliament.
    • 1633, John Hay, editor,The Acts Made in the First Parliament of our Most High and Dread Soveraigne Charles, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.: Holden by Himselfe, Present in Person, with His Three Estates, at Edinburgh, upon the Twentie Eight Day of Iune, Anno Domini 1633, Edinburgh: Printed by Robert Young, printer to the Kings most excellent Maiestie,→OCLC, title page:
      The acts made in the firstParliament of our most high and dread soveraigne Charles, by the grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c.[…]
    • 1834,Walter Scott,Tales of a Grandfather (Waverley Tales;49), Parker's edition, volume I, Boston, Mass.:Samuel H[ale] Parker,→OCLC,page223:
      [T]he army under Lambert again thrust the RumpParliament out of doors, and commenced a new military government, by means of a committee of officers, called the Council of Safety.
  4. A gathering of birds, especiallyrooks orowls.[from 15th c.]
    • 1866,[Charlotte Mary Yonge], chapter III, inThe Heir of Redclyffe […] In Two Volumes, volume I, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company, 443 & 445Broadway,→OCLC,page32:
      "The people at home call it a rook'sparliament when a whole crowd of rooks settle on some bare, wide common, and sit there as if they were consulting, not feeding, only stalking about with drooping wings, and solemn black cloaks."
    • 2015 January 5, Desmond Mattocks, “Seeking Meaning”, inThe Last Word of America: The World in Context of America, Bloomington, Ind.:WestBow Press,→ISBN,page97:
      Man is not the random collection of atoms with no opportunity for redemption. A mere school of fish, a gaggle of geese, a pride of lions, and a congress of baboons—am I to believe these lower primates are my ancestors? And if I should ask aparliament of owls, what might they say?
    • 2016,Alan Moore,Jerusalem, Liveright, published2016, page122:
      He'd seen aparliament of rooks a hundred strong fall on and kill one of their number amongst the nodding barley rows, and had been shown a yew that had the face of Jesus in its bark.
  5. (historical)Parliament cake, a type ofgingerbread.[from 19th c.]
    • 1847 January –1848 July,William Makepeace Thackeray,Vanity Fair […], London:Bradbury and Evans […], published1848,→OCLC:
      He[…] was disposed to spoil little Georgy, sadly gorging the boy with apples andparliament, to the detriment of his health—until Amelia declared that George should never go out with his grandpapa unless the latter promised solemnly, and on his honour, not to give the child any cakes, lollipops, or stall produce whatever.
    • 1869,R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter II, inLorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume I, London:Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […],→OCLC,page 9:
      A certain boy leaning up against me would not allow my elbow room, and struck me very sadly in the stomach part, though his own was full of myparliament.
    • 1846, Albert Smith,The Snob's Progress:
      The children had long ago found out that the kites and shuttlecocks were failures; and popular rumour spoke in deprecating terms of theparliament and gingerbread in general, comparing it to petrified sponge, or slices of pumice stone.

Derived terms

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Translations

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institution with elected or appointed members
flock of owls or rooks
type of gingerbread

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Middle English

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Noun

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parliament

  1. Alternative form ofparlement
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