Alois Walde firstly suggests that it might be fromLate Latinpanna, fromLatinpatina(“broad, shallow dish, pan, stewpan”), fromAncient Greekπατάνη(patánē,“kind of flat dish”), which is probably fromPre-Greek. But the sound shifting from /patina/ → /patna/ → /panna/ raises questions as-tn- to-nn- is rarely seen in Latin.
The mainstream theory as of now (Friedrich Kluge, Julius Pokorny, Guus Kroonen) suggests that it is fromLate Latinpanna. But its sparse attestation only in the frontier inscriptions and not widespread in most Romance languages raises doubts among a few scholars (notably Michiel de Vaan), being skeptical about its origin, and open for any interpretations (Oxford English Dictionary).
Vladmir Orel, in his workAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, suggests that bothProto-Germanic*pannǭ andLate Latinpanna could be from a non-IE Mediterranean substrate word, considering that classical Latin attestations are scarce and distributed in a specific region, and Proto-Germanic loanwords from non-IE substrates often include agricultural terms, seafaring vocabulary, or animal names. Although, this substrate hypothesis is controversial and most scholars remain skeptical about it.
Dave and I have parted company, and I hope I never see his junkypan again.
1953,Raymond Chandler,The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published2010, page103:
This was the kind of operator who would tell you to be there at nine sharp and if you weren't sitting quietly with a pleased smile on yourpan when he floated in two hours later on a double Gibson, he would have a paroxysm of outraged executive ability […].
(roofing) The bottom flat part of a roofing panel that is between theribs of the panel.
1743,Robert Drury,The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar[1], London, pages95–96:
[…] he pull’d the Trigger, but Providence being pleas’d to preserve me for some other Purpose, the Cock snapp’d, and miss’d Fire. Whether the Prime was wet in thePan, or by what other Miracle it was I escap’d his Fury, I cannot say[…]
And he[…] glared on the cold pistols that hung before him—ready for anything. And he took down one with a snatch and weighed it in his hand, and fell to thinking again; and, as he did, kept opening and shutting thepan with a snap,[…]
2009, Pnina Werbner,Black and Ethnic Leaderships, page122:
The steel band transforms the people who play in it and dance to it, and fosters links between them.[…] He learned to play thepan and filled in for absent members.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
2022 May 17, Tiffany Hsu, “All Those Celebrities Pushing Crypto Are Not So Vocal Now”, inThe New York Times[2],→ISSN:
Matt Damon, who compared the advent of virtual money to the development of aviation and spaceflight in a criticallypanned but widely seen Crypto.com ad last year, did not respond to requests to weigh in.
2018 February,Robert Draper, “They are Watching You—and Everything Else on the Planet: Technology and Our Increasing Demand for Security have Put Us All under Surveillance. Is Privacy Becoming just a Memory?”, inNational Geographic[3], Washington, D.C.:National Geographic Society,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on14 June 2018:
Later today in Finsbury Park, the cameras would spend hourspanning across 35,000 festivalgoers in search of pickpockets, drunken brawlers, and other assorted agents of petty mischief.
(photography,intransitive) To move the camera lensangle while continuing to expose the film, enabling a contiguous view and enrichment of context. In still-photography large-group portraits the film usually remains on a horizontal fixedplane as the lens and/or the film holder moves to expose the film laterally. The resulting image may extend a short distance laterally or as great as 360° from the point where the film first began to be exposed.(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
1957 January, A. M. Ross, “Letters to the Editor: Impressions of Speed”, inRailway Magazine, page60:
As one can only "pan" at 90 deg. to the direction of movement of the subject, a compromise has to be reached when shooting at more conventional angles between a shutter speed high enough to arrest the forward movement of the subject and one low enough to blur the valve motion and wheels.
(imaging,intransitive) To shift an image relative to the display window without changing the viewing scale.(Can weverify(+) this sense?)
A sequence in a film in which the camera pans over an area.
2013, Monle Lee, Carla Johnson,Principles of Advertising: A Global Perspective, page197:
For instance, in the filmDances with Wolves, apan of an uninhabited landscape contrasts the gruesome beginning footage that depicts the carnage of war.
When she publicly acknowledged that she ispan, it educated citizens near and far on what that sexuality meant and the importance of being proud of who you are.
Borg, Alexander (2004),A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies;I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill,page171
1276, M. Lucas Álvarez, P. Lucas Dominguez, editors,El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos, Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page375:
et estepan deue a seer qual o Deus der no logar et seer linpo de palla et de poo, d'eruellada et de mosceyra, et deue a seer ben seco et ben linpo et bõõpan
and thisgrain must be that that God gives at that place, and it must be clean of chaff and dust, of vetch and fodder, and it must be well dry and well clean and goodgrain
1301, X. Ferro Couselo, editor,A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page52:
A Eluira, I moyo depan do nouo, de qual ouueren, e I bacoro
To Elvira, one modius ofgrain of the new harvest, whichever they happen to have there, and one piglet
Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “pan”, inLīvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary][5] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Ferreiro, Manuel (2014–2025), “pan”, inUniverso Cantigas: edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa [Universo Cantigas: critical edition of Galician-Portuguese medieval poetry] (in Galician), A Coruña:University of A Coruña,→ISSN
Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “pan”, inCorpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
1874 [1275],Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące[7], volume IX, page136:
Omnesque eius (sc. monasterii) villas... cum... incolis... a domino custodie, qui dicitur vlg.pan stroze vel stroznj, semper facimus liberos
[Omnesque eius (sc. monasterii) villas... cum... incolis... a domino custodie, qui dicitur vlg.pan stroże vel strożny, semper facimus liberos]
(more specifically)beaverofficial(ducal lord or acting official in charge of beavers, the mammal)
1874 [1275],Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące[8], volume IX, page136:
A *szaprafdocz na tem tho svecze malo takich kaplanof nadze ('najdzie')..., chos bycz ony krole, xøszøtha y teszepany bogathe o gich sloscz karaly ge
[A zaprawdęć na tem to świecie mało takich kapłanow nadzie ('najdzie')..., coż być oni krole, książęta y teżepany bogate o jich złość karali je]
1885-2024 [c. 15th century], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors,Prace Filologiczne[11], volume III,Wrocław, page289:
Y stalo syø gdisz Achior przestal mowyenya slow swich, roznyewaly syø wszitcy wyelycipanowye (omnes magnates) Olofernovy
[I stało się gdyż Achior przestał mowienia słow swych, rozniewali się wszytcy wielicypanowie (omnes magnates) Olofernowi]
1908 [c.1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor,Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490[17],Lubiń, page62:
1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors,Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number362,Poznań:
Iako Sandziuoy starosta wmovil medzi mnø a medzi Sczepanem, esz ne mal na mø niyednego roku stacz nisz przet timipani, czso sø nameneni
[Jako Sędziwoj starosta umowił miedzy mną a miedzy Szczepanem, eż nie miał na mię nijednego roku stać niż przed tymipany, czso są namienieni]
(attested in Greater Poland,Masovia)lord(one possessing similar mastery over others; any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler)
1959 [1398], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors,Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number381,Poznań:
Yssze Marczin ne odmouil Yana szoltisa od rok za swegopana, za Wolwrama
[Iże Marcin nie odmowił Jana sołtysa od rok za swegopana, za Wolwrama]
1967 [1424], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors,Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty kościańskie, volume III, number1048,Kościan:
Jacopan dzedziczny Dzbansky dal Janowy mlin czynicz w dzedzyczstwo
[Jakopan dziedziczny Dzbąski dał Janowi młyn czynić w dziedzicstwo]
1885-2024 [c.1428], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors,Prace Filologiczne[18], volume I,Międzyrzec,Warsaw, page487:
Dobrowolnepanowe ffeodales
[Dobrowolnepanowie ffeodales]
1875 [c.1455-1460], Zygmunt Celichowski, editor,Słowniczek łacińsko- polski wyrazów prawa magdeburskiego z wieku XV. Przedruk homograficzny z kodeksu kórnickiego[19], page 7:
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][20],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page104:
Postawil gyeypanem (constituit eum dominum) domu swego y ksødzem wszego bydla swego
[Postawił jejpanem (constituit eum dominum) domu swego i księdzem wszego bydła swego]
1853 [Fifteenth century], Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor,Piśmiennictwo polskie od czasów najdawniejszych aż do roku 1830, volume 4,Rogoźno, page44:
1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter][21],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page102:
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “pan”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),pan is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 7 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 12 times in essays, 373 times in fiction, and 1417 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1819 times, making it the 22nd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “pan”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page354
“PAN”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],19.11.2009
Gustaw Pobłocki (1887), “pan”, inSłownik kaszubski z dodatkiem idyotyzmów chełmińskich i kociewskich (in Polish), 2 edition, Chełmno, page137
Stanisław Ciszewski (1916), “pan”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, inPrace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page96
1591,Richard Percyuall, “Pan”, inBibliotheca Hispanica. Containg a Grammar, with a Dictionaire in Spanish, English, and Latine[…] (in Early Modern English), London: Iohn Iackson,page192:
Pan, corne, bread, wheate,Panis, triticum.
Pan, corn, bread, wheat,Panis, triticum.
bun(such as the kind used on a hamburger or hot dog)
^R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pan1, ban3”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Hall, Katherine Lee (1988),The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page216: “All nasal phonemes occur syllable finally but not in word-final position, except for the nasal velar allophone [ŋ] of the phoneme /n/ which appears word-finally in lexical items borrowed from Spanish (paŋ 'bread',[…]).”
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