Theverb is derived fromMiddle Englishoversetten(“to place or set over, cover; to assail; to defeat, overcome, overpower, overthrow; to defer; to discredit, refute; to disregard, overlook, set aside; to hinder; to oppress; to repulse”),^[1] fromOld Englishofersettan(“to put in a position of authority; to overcome or be overcome; to set over”), fromProto-West Germanic*ubarsattjan(“to place above, set over; to establish, install”), from*ubarsittjan(“to abstain from, neglect; to occupy, possess; to sit over or upon”), from*ubar-(prefix meaning ‘above, over’) +*sittjan(“to sit”) (fromProto-Germanic*sitjaną(“to sit”), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*sed-(“to sit”)). Bysurface analysis,over-(prefix meaning ‘above, higher; excessive, excessively’) +‎set(verb).^[2]Doublet ofoversit.

Verb sense 1.2.3 (“to translate (a text)”) is probably acalque ofGermanübersetzen.

Theadjective is derived fromoverset, thepast participle form of the verb.^[3] Thenoun is also derived from the verb.^[4]

• Verb andadjective:
  • (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ˌəʊvəˈsɛt/

  • Audio(Southern England):

    (file)

  • (General American)IPA^(key): /ˌoʊvəɹˈsɛt/
  • Rhymes:-ɛt
• Noun:
  • (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ˈəʊvəsɛt/
  • (General American)IPA^(key): /ˈoʊvəɹˌsɛt/
• Hyphenation:over‧set

overset (third-person singular simple presentoversets,present participleoversetting,simple past and past participleoverset)

1. (transitive)
   1. Toknock over oroverturn (someone or something); tocapsize, toupset.
      • c.1591–1595 (date written), [William Shakespeare], […] Romeo and Iuliet. […] (Second Quarto), London: […] Thomas Creede, forCuthbert Burby, […], published1599,→OCLC, [Act III, scene v], signature [H4], verso:

        For ſtill thy eyes, vvhich I may call the ſea, / Do ebbe and flovve vvith teares, the Barke thy body is: / Sayling in this ſalt floud, the vvindes thy ſighes, / Who raging vvith thy teares and they vvith them, / VVithout a ſudden calme vvillouerſet / Thy tempeſt toſſed body.

      • a.1631 (date written),J[ohn] Donne, “The Progresse of the Soule. The First Song.”, inPoems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] forIohn Marriot, […], published1633,→OCLC, stanza XXXI,page16:

        A great ſhipoverſet, or vvithout faile / Hulling, might (vvhen this vvas a vvhelp) be like this vvhale.

      • 1669 March 18 (date written; Gregorian calendar),Samuel Pepys,Mynors Bright, transcriber, “March 8th, 1668–1669”, inHenry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor,The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume VIIII, London:George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge:Deighton Bell & Co., published1893–1899,→OCLC,pages252–253:

        Up, and with W. Hewer by hackney coach to White Hall, where the King and Duke of York is gone by three in the morning, and had the misfortune to beoverset with the Duke of York, the Duke of Monmouth, and the Prince, at the King's Gate in Holborne; and the King all dirty, but no hurt.

      • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Gives Some Account of Himself and Family, His First Inducements to Travel. […]”, inTravels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […],→OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput),page 6:

        VVe therefore truſted our ſelves to the Mercy of the VVaves, and in about half an hour the Boat vvasover-ſet by a ſudden Flurry from the North.

      • 1782, [Frances Burney], “A Cottage”, inCecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress. […], volume IV, London: […] T[homas] Payne and Son […], andT[homas] Cadell […],→OCLC, book VIII,page226:

        [T]he poſtilion, in turning too ſuddenly from the turnpike to the croſs-road,overſet the carriage.

      • 1819 July 15, [Lord Byron],Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […],→OCLC, canto II, stanza CIV,page171:

        A reef between them also now began / To show its boiling surf and bounding spray, / But finding no place for their landing better, / They ran the boat for shore, andoverset her.

      • 1847 January –1848 July,William Makepeace Thackeray, “Vauxhall”, inVanity Fair […], London:Bradbury and Evans […], published1848,→OCLC,page53:

        "Except when heoverset the glass of wine at dinner," Miss Sharp said, with a haughty air and a toss of the head, "I never gave the existence of Captain Dobbin one single moment's consideration."

      • 1890,Matteo Bandello, “The One-and-thirtieth Story. Gandino of Bergamo Writeth Down His Wife’s Sins and Giveth Them to the Friar who Heareth Her Confession and doth a Thousand Other Extravagances.”, inJohn Payne, transl.,The Novels of Matteo Bandello Bishop of Agen […], volume 2, London: […] Villon Society […],→OCLC,pages180–181:

        […] Goodman Pumpkin-without-salt, nay, rather Melon-without-savour, wrote down divers foolish matters and peccadilloes that women use to commit, such as[…] cursing the cat, when itoversetteth the pots, and the like of such trifles that skill not a straw; and when he had written what seemed to him fit, he gave the scroll to his wife.

   2. (figurative)
      1. Tophysically ormentallydisturb (someone); to upset; specifically, to make (someone)ill, especiallynauseous; tonauseate, tosicken.

         Synonym:discompose

         • 1695,[William] Congreve,Love for Love: A Comedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […],→OCLC, Act IV, scene i,page65:

           O Lord, O Lord, ſhe's mad, poor Young VVoman, Love has turn'd her ſenſes, her Brain is quiteoverſet.

         • 1722 (indicated as1721), [Daniel Defoe],The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders, &c. […], London: […] W[illiam Rufus] Chetwood, […]; and T. Edling, […], published1722,→OCLC,page358:

           He us’d all the Caution that he vvas able in letting me knovv a thing, vvhich it vvould have been a double Cruelty to have conceal’d; and yet it vvas too much for me; for as Grief hadoverſet me before, ſo did Joyoverſet novv, and I fell into a much more dangerous Svvooning than I did at firſt, and it vvas not vvithout a great Difficulty that I vvas recover'd at all.

         • 1849 May –1850 November,Charles Dickens, “I have a Change”, inThe Personal History of David Copperfield, London:Bradbury & Evans, […], published1850,→OCLC,page24:

           "Poor little tender-heart," said Ham, in a low voice. "Martha hasoverset her, altogether."

         • 1870 April–September, Charles Dickens, “Shadow on the Sun-dial”, inThe Mystery of Edwin Drood, London:Chapman and Hall, […], published1870,→OCLC,page152:

           A thunderstorm is coming on, the maids say, and the hot and stifling air hasoverset the pretty dear; no wonder; they have felt their own knees all of a tremble all day long.

      2. Tothrow (something, such as anorganization, aplan, etc.) intoconfusion orout of order; tosubvert, tounsettle, to upset.
         • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe],The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […],→OCLC,page338:

           [H]ad not the old Man run and fetch'd me a Cordial, I believe the ſudden Surprize of Joy hadoverſet Nature, and I had dy'd upon the Spot.

         • 1749,Archibald Bower, “Liberius, Thirty-fifth Bishop of Rome”, inThe History of the Popes, from the Foundation of the See of Rome, to the Present Time, volume I, Dublin: […] George Faulkner, […],→OCLC,page187:

           [B]y ſtriving to ſupport that chimerical Prerogative[papal infallibility], he[Robert Bellarmine] evidentlyoverſetteth it.

         • 1803,R[obert] C[harles] Dallas, “Letter III”, inThe History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone: […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Strahan, […], forT[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […],→OCLC,page74:

           Amidſt the calm produced by the treaty an event took place vvhich had nearlyoverſet the vvhole negotiation.

         • 1831,Thomas Carlyle, “Romance”, inSartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh. […], London:Chapman and Hall, […],→OCLC, 2nd book,page92:

           [A] certain Calypso-Island detains him at the very outset; and as it were falsifies andoversets his whole reckoning.

         • 1843 April,Thomas Carlyle, “Democracy”, inPast and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.:Charles C[offin] Little andJames Brown, published1843,→OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker),page215:

           Thus has the Tailor-art, so to speak,overset itself, like most other things; changed its centre-of-gravity; whirled suddenly over from zenith to nadir.

         • 1859,Charles Dickens, “An Opinion”, inA Tale of Two Cities, London:Chapman and Hall, […],→OCLC, book II (The Golden Thread),page136:

           He spoke with the diffidence of a man who knew how slight a thing wouldoverset the delicate organisation of the mind, and yet with the confidence of a man who had slowly won his assurance out of personal endurance and distress.

         • 1992,Hilary Mantel, “A New Profession (1788)”, inA Place of Greater Safety (A Marian Wood/Owl Book), New York, N.Y.:Henry Holt and Company, published1998,→ISBN, part 2,page128:

           So this is the creature whooversets the household and suborns servants and clergymen[…]

      4. (rare) Totranslate (atext).
         • 1878 November 30, “‘Wanted, a Private Tutor’”, in [James Macaulay], editor,The Leisure Hour, volume XXVII, number1405, London: [Religious Tract Society],→OCLC,page756, column 2:

           Overset into English, after the spirits and measures of the authentical; by Dr. Heinrich Krauss, Ph.D., and so wider.

           A fictional work, referring to the writing of a German author unfamiliar with English.

         • 1891 January 15 (date delivered),Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “A World-literature”, inThe New World and the New Book: An Address Delivered before the Nineteenth Century Club of New York City, Jan. 15, 1891 […], Boston, Mass.:Lee and Shepard Publishers, published1892,→OCLC,page230:

           [T]he preparation for a world-literature must surely lie in the study of those methods of thought, those canons of literary art, which lie at the foundation of all literatures. The thought and its expression,—these are the two factors which must solve the problem; and it matters not how much we translate—oroverset, as the Germans felicitously say—so long as we go no deeper and do not grasp at what all literatures have in common.

         • 1910 December 1, “Literary Notes”, inWilliam Hayes Ward, editor,The Independent, volume LXIX, number3235, New York, N.Y.: Clarence W. Bowen,→OCLC,page1220:

           The lectures given in Berlin University by President Benjamin Ide Wheeler, of California, where he filled the Roosevelt professorship last year, are published by Karl J. Trübner, Strassburg, under the title ofUnterricht und Demokratie in Amerika. They should beoverset into English so as to reach a wider public here, for even his elementary descriptions of American universities would not be so superfluous to any of us as we think, and his frank and fair discussion of educational characteristics would be of value to all of us.

      5. (journalism, printing) Toset (copy ortype) inexcess of agivenspace.
         • 1855 October, Frederic Carrington, “Country Newspapers and Their Editors”, inWilliam Harrison Ainsworth, editor,The New Monthly Magazine, volume CV, number CCCCXVIII, London:Chapman and Hall, […],→OCLC,page149:

           Other[newspaper] articles, again, are rejected because there is no time to consider them, or because they are badly written, and the printers have no time to lose in bungling over hieroglyphics. The overseer now sees that he will have too much matter; and although all the week he has been declaring that he has been kept short of copy, now goes on the opposite tack, to avoid upsetting, or, as he says, "oversetting."

      6. (Lincolnshire, Scotland) Torecover from (anillness).
   3. (obsolete)
      1. Tocover (thesurface of something) withobjects.
         • 1559 July 17 (Gregorian calendar), “The Preface. [Appendix No. II. Inventarium 1559. The Inventor of the Silver Worke of S. Machar in Old Aberdeen, Deliverd to the Custody of the Canons by BishopWilliam Gordon, 7 of July 1559, Subscribed with Thir Hands.]”, inC[osmo] I[nnes],Registrum Episcopatus Aberdonensis: Ecclesie Cathedralis Aberdonensis Regesta Que Extant […] [The Register of the Bishopric of Aberdeen: The Extant Records of the Cathedral Church of Aberdeen […]], volume I, Edinburgh: [Spalding Club], published1845,→OCLC,page lxxxix:

           Item, the bishop's great mitre, alloversett with orient pearle and stones, and silver ourgilt, the haill mitre extending to 5 pound 15 ounce weight.

      2. Tooppress oroverwhelm (someone, theirthoughts, etc.); tobeset; also, tooverpower oroverthrow (someone, anarmy, apeople, etc.) byforce; todefeat, to overwhelm.
         • 1569,Richard Grafton, “The Sixt Age, and Sixt Part of this Chronicle”, inA Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume I, London: […] Henry Denham, […], forRicharde Tottle andHumffrey Toye,→OCLC,page55:

           […] Brennus[i.e.,Brennius] entending to haue more lande or all, aroſe againſt his brother Belyne[Belinus], and made vpon him ſharpe and mortall warre. In the which warre Brennus wasouerſet and compelled to flie the lande, and to ſayle to Armorica, nowe named little Briteyn,[…]

         • 1640, I. H. [i.e.,James Howell], “A Character of Monticolia”, inΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ[DENDROLOGIA]. Dodona’s Grove, or, The Vocall Forrest, London: […] T[homas] B[adger] for H. Mosley [i.e.,Humphrey Moseley] […],→OCLC,page46:

           At laſt beingover ſet vvith multitudes (vvhich hath beene the fortune of the braveſt ſpirits upon earth) they choſe tobovv a little, rather thanbreake.

         • 1676,John Bunyan,The Strait Gate, or, Great Difficulty of Going to Heaven; […], London: […] Francis Smith, […],→OCLC,page143:

           […] There is alſo thevvilfully ignorant profeſſor, or him that is afraid to knovv more, for fear of the croſs; he is for picking and chuſing of truth, and loveth not to hazzard his all for that vvorthy name by vvhich he vvould be called: vvhen he is at any timeoverſet by arguments, or avvaknings of conſcience, he uſes to heal all, by,I vvas not brought up in this faith, as if it vvere unlavvful for Chriſtians to knovv more then hath been taught them at firſt converſion,[…]

         • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVI, inPride and Prejudice: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] forT[homas] Egerton, […],→OCLC,page190:

           [T]hat would be a delightful scheme indeed, and completely do for us at once. Good Heaven! Brighton, and a whole campful of soldiers, to us, who have beenoverset already by one poor regiment of militia, and the monthly balls of Meryton!

      3. Topress (something) downheavily; tocompress; also, tochoke (aplant).
         • 1640, I. H. [i.e.,James Howell], “Of Rhenusium and Bombycina”, inΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ[DENDROLOGIA]. Dodona’s Grove, or, The Vocall Forrest, London: […] T[homas] B[adger] for H. Mosley [i.e.,Humphrey Moseley] […],→OCLC,page82:

           [T]he more they[holy plants] vvereoppreſsd andoverſet vvith the vveight ofPerſecution, thefaſter,ſtronger, andſtreighter theygrevv up.

      4. Toput tooheavy aload on (something); tooverload.
         • 1625 March 7 (Gregorian calendar),James Howell, “X. To My Noble Lord, the Lord Clifford, from London.”, inEpistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published1655,→OCLC, section IV,page161:

           [C]oming (for more frugality) in the common Boat, vvhich vvasoverſet vvith Merchandize, and other Paſſengers, in a thick fog, the Veſſel turn'd over, and ſo many periſh'd, the PrincePalſgrave ſav'd himſelf by ſvvimming, but the young Prince clinging to the Maſt, and being entangled among the Tacklings, vvas half drovvn'd and half frozen to death: A ſad Deſtiny.

      5. (rare) Tocome to rest over (something); tosettle.
         • 1646 January 11 (Gregorian calendar),James Howell, “VII. To Henry Hopkins, Esq”, inEpistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume III, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published1655,→OCLC, section VI,page403:

           It[tobacco] is a good Companion to one that converſeth vvith dead Men[i.e., reads books], for if one hath been poring long upon a Book, or is toil'd vvith the Pen, and ſtupified vvith Study, it quickneth him, and diſpels thoſe Clouds that uſuallyo'erſet the Brain.

           A figurative use.

      6. (figurative, rare) Toimpose too heavy atax on (someone); toovertax.
         • 1532 (reprinted1573),William Tyndale, “An Exposition uppon the V. VI. VII. Chapters ofMathew, […]. TheFifth Chapter of Matthew.”, inHenry Walter, editor,Expositions and Notes on Sundry Portions of the Holy Scriptures, together with The Practice of Prelates. […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] The University Press, published1849,→OCLC,page71:

           For thieves love among themselves: and so do the covetous of the world, as the usurers and publicans, which brought in great the emperor's tribute, and to make their most advantage, didoverset the people.

           Spelledouer sett in the original version.

      7. (uncertain) To recover (money)given in anexchange.
         • 1622,Gerard [de] Malynes, “Of Commutation or Bartring of Commodities”, inConsuetudo, vel, Lex Mercatoria: Or, The Ancient Law-merchant. […], 3rd edition, London: […] T[homas] Basset, […]; R. Chiswell, […]; T. Horne, […], and E. Smith, […], published1686,→OCLC, 1st part,page66:

           [H]e that dealeth in barter muſt be very circumſpect, and the Money giuen in barter cannot beoverſet.

      8. (uncertain, nautical) Tocoil orstow away (acable, arope, etc.).
2. (intransitive)
   1. (archaic) To turn, or to be turned, over; to capsize; to, or to be, upset.
      • 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe],The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […],→OCLC,page65:

        [T]his Raft vvas ſo unvveildy, and ſo overloaden, that after I vvas enter'd the little Cove, vvhere I had landed the reſt of my Goods, not being able to guide it ſo handily as I did the other, itoverſet, and threvv me and all my Cargoe into the VVater;[…]

      • 1760,T[obias] Smollett, “George II”, inContinuation of the Complete History of England, volume II, London: […] Richard Baldwin, […],→OCLC,page245:

        VVhen all endeavours proved fruitleſs, and no hope of preſerving the ſhip remained, the barge vvas hoiſted out for the preſervation of the admiral, vvho entered it accordingly; but all diſtinction of perſons being novv aboliſhed, the ſeamen ruſhed into it in ſuch crovvds, that in a fevv moments itoverſet.

      • 1879,Robert Louis Stevenson, “[Velay.] The Donkey, the Pack, and the Pack-saddle.”, inTravels with a Donkey in the Cévennes, 1st American edition, Boston, Mass.:Roberts Brothers,→OCLC,page19:

        If the pack is well strapped at the ends, and hung at full length—not doubled, for your life—across the pack-saddle, the traveller is safe. The saddle will certainly not fit, such is the imperfection of our transitory life; it will assuredly topple and tend tooverset; but there are stones on every roadside, and a man soon learns the art of correcting any tendency to overbalance with a well-adjusted stone.

   2. (obsolete) Of aperson orthing (such as an organization or plan): tobecomeunbalanced or thrown into confusion; to be put intodisarray.
      • 1842,Alfred Tennyson, “The Talking Oak”, inPoems. […], volume II, London:Edward Moxon, […],→OCLC, stanza LXV,page80:

        But, while kingdomsoverset, / Or lapse from hand to hand, / Thy leaf shall never fail, nor yet / Thine acorn in the land.

• over-set

• oversetter
• oversetting(adjective, noun)

• set over

overset (notcomparable)

1. Having beenoverset(verb sense).
   1. Capsized,overturned,upset.
      • 1893,Bret Harte, chapter II, inSusy: A Story of the Plains, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.:Houghton, Mifflin and Company […],→OCLC,page26:

        They groped their way, pushing and panting, to the road again, where, beholding theoverset buggy with its wheels ludicrously in the air, they suddenly seized and shook each other, and in an outburst of hilarious ecstasy, fairly laughed until the tears came into their eyes.

      • 1895 May 29,H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Time Travelling”, inThe Time Machine: An Invention, London:William Heinemann,→OCLC,page32:

        A pitiless hail was hissing round me, and I was sitting on soft turf in front of theoverset machine.

      • 1914 April,W[illiam] B[utler] Yeats, “Rosa Alchemica”, inStories of Red Hanrahan; The Secret Rose; Rosa Alchemica, new edition, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company,→OCLC, section III,page212:

        We had gone but a few paces along the pier when we came upon an old man, who was evidently a watchman, for he sat in anoverset barrel, close to a place where masons had lately been working upon a break in the pier, and had in front of him a fire such as one sees slung under tinkers' carts.

   2. (journalism, printing) Ofcopy ortype:set inexcess of agivenspace.

overset (countable anduncountable,pluraloversets)

1. (journalism, printing, uncountable)Copy ortypeset inexcess of agivenspace;(countable) aninstance of this.
2. (obsolete, countable)
   1. Anact ofknocking over oroverturning; acapsize orcapsizing, anoverturning, anupset.
      • 1727, Peter Longueville, “Book III. An Account of Quarll’s Wonderful Shifts, and Surprizing Manner of Living; of the Miraculous Acts of Providence, and of the Strange Events which Happened in the Island since His Being There.”, inThe English Hermit, or The Unparalell’d and Surprizing Adventures of One Philip Quarll; […],[London?]:[s.n.],→OCLC,page239:

        […] I vvas upon the Rock vvhen their Boat vvas daſh'd againſt it, and vvas over-ſet vvith the ſame Sea, under the flat bottom'd Boat, vvhere you found me. That vvas a happyOverſet for thee; vvell, is there no Gratitude due to Providence for thy Eſcape? due to Providence, ſaid he, vvhy, I thought you had ſav'd me?

   2. (rare) Anexcess, asurplus.
      • a.1716 (date written),[Gilbert] Burnet, “Book II. Of the First Twelve Years of the Reign ofKing Charles II. from the Year 1660 to the Year 1673.”, in[Gilbert Burnet Jr.], editor,Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume I, London: […] Thomas Ward […], published1724,→OCLC,page186:

        And vvith thisoverſet of vvealth and pomp, that came on men in the decline of their parts and age, they, vvho vvere novv grovving into old age, became lazy and negligent in all the true concerns of the Church:[…]

• e-voters,estover,revotes,set over,vetoers

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