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over

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Over,Över,oever,over-,över,över-,andøver
Languages (12)
English
Chinese • Danish • Dutch • Indonesian • Latin • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle Low German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Zazaki
Page categories

English

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 over on Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishover, fromOld Englishofer, fromProto-West Germanic*obar, fromProto-Germanic*uber(“over”), fromProto-Indo-European*upér, related to*upó.

Akin toScotsower(“over”),Yolaoer,ower,owr(“over”),Saterland Frisianuur(“over”),West Frisianoer(“over, across”),Cimbrianübar(“over”),Dutchover(“over”),Germanober,über,ueber(“over, above”),Limburgisheuver,övver(“over”),Low Germanöver,üöver(“over”),Luxembourgishiwwer(“over”),Mòchenoiber(“over”),Yiddishאיבער(iber,“over”),Danish,Norwegian Bokmålover(“over”),Faroeseyvir(“over”),Icelandicyfir(“over”),Norwegian Nynorskover,yver,yvi(“over”),Swedishöver(“over”),Gothic𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂(ufar,“over”),Latinsuper(“over, above”),Ancient Greekὑπέρ(hupér,“over, above”),Albanianupri(“group of peasants”),Sanskritउपरि(upári,“over”).Doublet ofuber,super, andhyper.

Adjective

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over (notcomparable)

  1. Finished;ended;concluded.
    The show isn'tover until the fat lady sings.
    The strawberries areover now. I picked the last few yesterday.
    1. (botany) Of aflower:wilting orwithering.
  3. (informal, of an ongoing situation)Hopeless;irrecoverable.
    We're keeping our marriage going for the sake of the kids, but really it'sover.
  4. (informal)Visiting one'shome or otherlocation.
    My sister'sover for the week.
  5. Havingsurmounted anobstacle.
    The horse struggled at that fence, but it'sover.
  6. (informal) Having anexcess in aparticularrespect.
    This steak is wellover.(overcooked)
    We had some complaints about short weight, so now we make sure that all our bags of potatoes are a bitover.(overweight)
  7. Surplus torequirements.
    I made 20 cakes, but I only need 18, so there are twoover.
  8. (professional wrestling slang) Of awrestler:generating areaction fromfans.
Usage notes
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Not normally used attributively (before a noun). (Attributive use occurs rarely in informal language, e.g. "an over relationship".)

"Over" as a first element in Britishplace names can mean "upper" or "higher", apparently fromOld Englishufera oruferra.

Derived terms
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Translations
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ended

Adverb

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over (notcomparable)

  1. Describing a physical change ofposition orstate.
    1. From one position or location to another,horizontally or approximately so, or along a route visualised as "across".
      That vase isn't exactly central. Could you move itover a couple of inches?
      I slidover to make room for him to sit down.
      Please pass the chocolatesover to me.
      "Comeover to my house and play!" — "Sure, I'll bringover a pizza."
      He's drivenover from Bristol.
      In the future, when space travel is affordable to everyone, we'll be able to popover to the Moon for a weekend.
    2. Across from one side of something to the other.
      I need to cross the river. Can you take meover in your boat?
    3. So as to pass above.
      I looked up just as a helicopter flewover.
    4. Up one side of something, across, and then down the other side.
      The fence is too high. I don't think I'll be able to getover.
      The boiling milk bubbledover onto the cooker top.
    5. Across something, such as an edge, and then downwards.
      The car rolled to the edge of the cliff and went straightover.
    6. From anupright position to ahorizontal one.
      He tipped the bottleover, and the water came gushing out.
      That building just fellover!
    7. So as to fold towards or onto itself.
      Bend the end of that wireover to make a hook.
      He bentover to touch his toes.
      The leaves have curledover.
    8. On top of something, or so as to cover something.
      Paint itover with a darker colour.
      It's starting to cloudover.
    9. So as to reverse up/down orientation, or otherwise change orientation by rotating.
      Put the card face down, and don't turn itover until I say so.
      I can't sleep on my back. I have to rollover onto my side.
    10. So as to reverse or exchange position(s).
      Swap those cablesover. The red one should be in the left socket.
  2. Expressing figurative movement from one position or state across to another.
    He cameover to our way of thinking on the new project.
    I switchedover to Channel 9.
    I signed the propertyover to him.
    This advertisement doesn't clearly get the ideaover.
  3. Indicating a direction or location away from the speaker, usually roughly horizontally or visualised as such.
    I'll see youover at the club.
    Lookover there!
  4. Thoroughly;completely; frombeginning toend.
    Let's talkover the project at tomorrow's meeting.
    Let me think thatover.
    I'm going to lookover our department's expenses.
    • 1661,John Fell,The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond‎[1]:
      During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he readover in a manner all classic authors that are extant[…]
  5. (often in compounds) To a high orexcessive degree;overly;see alsoover-.
    I'm notover bothered about going to the party.
    If you'reover tentative then you'll get nowhere.
    • 1934,Agatha Christie, chapter 12, inMurder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published2017, page158:
      She seemed a placid creature altogether - eminently respectable - perhaps notover intelligent.
  6. Beyond or in excess of what is correct or expected.
    The show ran ten minutesover.
    We tried to stick to budget, but in the end we went twenty dollarsover.
  7. To a future time.
    Carry the shortfallover and we'll make it up tomorrow.
  8. Overnight(throughout the night).
    We missed the last bus home so we stayedover.
    Can I sleepover?
  9. Indicating repetition.
    1. (US, usually withdo)Again; another time; once more; over again.
      I lost my paper and I had to do the entire assignmentover.
    2. Used for rhetorical effect to reinforce that something was done the stated number of times.
      I said the magic word three timesover, and the secret door slid open.
  10. See also individual entries for phrasal verbs:go over,hand over,run over,take over,win over, etc.
Usage notes
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When used in the sense "from one location to another",over implies that the two places are at approximately the same height or the height difference is not relevant. For example, if two offices are on the same floor of a building, an office worker might sayI'll bring thatover for you, while if the offices were on different floors, the sentence would likely beI'll bring that up [down] for you. However, distances are not constrained, e.g.He cameover from England last year and now lives in Los Angeles orI moved the staplerover to the other side of my desk.

Derived terms
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Translations
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from one position or state to another
horizontally; from one place to another
from upright to horizontal position
thoroughly, completely
to an excessive degree
overnight
again
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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over (pluralovers)

  1. (cricket) A set of six legal ballsbowled.
    Jones hit four boundaries in the firstover.
    • 2019 July 14, Stephan Shemilt, “England win Cricket World Cup: Ben Stokes stars in dramatic finale against New Zealand”, inBBC Sport‎[2], London:
      In an emotional and electric atmosphere at Lord's, both sides scored 241 in their 50overs and were level on 15 when they batted for an extra over apiece.
  2. Anysurplus amount of money, goods delivered, etc.
    • 2008, G. Puttick, Sandy van Esch,The Principles and Practice of Auditing, page609:
      […] standard cash count forms used to record the count and anyovers or unders.
  3. (informal) Something having an excess of a particular property.
    I went fishing but caught mostlyovers.(oversized fish)
    In today's golf tournament we recorded three unders and twentyovers.(golf rounds over par)
  4. (gambling) A bet that a particular sporting statistic, such a points scored in a game, will be above a certain stated value.
Translations
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set of six legal balls (in cricket)
surplus

Preposition

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over

  1. Expressing spatial relationship or movement.
    1. Above;higher than; furtherup than.
      Hold the sign upover your head.
      The mountain toweredover the village.
    2. Across, from one side to the other.
      The guide took usover the border.
    3. Across, so as to pass above.
      The vulture flewover the desert.
      I looked outover the sea.
      • 1918,Dora Sigerson Shorter,Sick I Am and Sorrowful:
        If I saw the wild geese flyover the dark lakes of Kerry...
    4. Through or around all the parts of.
      The estate agent showed meover the property.
      We wentover the cathedral and then had lunch in the cafe.
      (figuratively) We wentover the figures together.
    5. On the other side of.
      He livesover the road from me.
      The next town isover that hill.
    6. (informal, for 'over at/in/on') At or near (a location seen as 'across' from the speaker's location).
      There was a big fireover the other side of town.
      • 1913,Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter III, inMr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London:D[aniel] Appleton and Company,→OCLC:
        My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarceover that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.
    7. From onephysicalposition to another via anobstacle that must betraversedvertically, firstupwards and thendownwards.
      The dog jumpedover the fence.
      Let's walkover the hill to get there.
      The lava bubbled up andover the rim of the crater.
    8. Across (something) and then downwards.
      The car drove straightover the edge of the cliff.
      I trippedover a tree root.
    9. Ontop of; in such a way as to cover.
      Drape the fabricover the table.
      There is a roofover the house.
      (figuratively) A strange feeling cameover me.
  2. Expressing comparison.
    1. More than (a given value, amount, limit etc.);beyond;past;exceeding.
      He isover a hundred years old.
      It'sover a hundred degrees outside.
      I think I’mover my limit for calories for today.
    2. To a greater degree than.
      I prefer the purpleover the pink.
    3. (in certain collocations) Ascompared to.
      Sales are down this quarterover last.
  3. During or throughout (a time period).
    He's got grumpierover the years.
    I'll have to workover the weekend.
    • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut”, inThe Economist, volume407, number8842, pages72–3:
      Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial. It helps with digestion and enables people to extract a lot more calories from their food than would otherwise be possible. Researchover the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism.
  4. Through or via (a particular transmission medium).
    A stern voice boomedover the loudspeaker.
    The message cameover FM radio.
  5. Indicating relative status, authority, or power
    The owner's son lorded itover the experienced managers.
    The prince ruledover a portion of the kingdom.
  6. In a position of havingovercome (a problem or issue);past;finished with;from onestate to another via ahindrance that must besolved ordefeated; or via a third state that represents a significant difference from the first two.
    We gotover the engineering problems and the prototype works great.
    I amover my cold and feel great again.
    I know the referee made a bad call, but you have to getover it [your annoyance with the referee's decision].
    She is finallyover [the distress of] losing her job.
    He is finallyover his [distress over the loss of the relationship with his] ex-girlfriend.
  7. While doing an activity involving (something),especially whileconsuming.
    We had a chatover dinner.
    He fell asleepover the crossword puzle.
    • 1990,Seymour Chatman,Coming to Terms‎[3],Cornell,→ISBN, page100:
      Six diners in business clothes—five attractive young women and a balding middle-aged man—relaxover cigarettes.
    • 1998, Marian Swerdlow,Underground Woman‎[4],Temple,→ISBN, page88:
      Sunday had been my favorite day at Woodlawn. A longW.A.A. [="work as assigned" period], having coffee and croissants with Markover the SundayTimes.
    • 2009, Sara Pennypacker,The Great Egyptian Grave Robbery,Scholastic,→ISBN, page79:
      Over meatloaf and mashed potatoes (being careful not to talk with his mouth full), Stanley told about his adventure.
  8. Concerning orregarding.
    The two boys had a fightover whose girlfriend was the best.
    • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8848:
      It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopolyover bringing environmental lawsuits.
  9. Above, implying superiority after a contest; in spite of; notwithstanding.
    We triumphedover difficulties.
    The bill was passedover the veto.
    It was a fine victoryover their opponents.
    I can't hear youover the noise of that road drill.
  10. Expressingcausation:due to, as the result of.
    He was firedover that.
  11. (mathematics)Divided by.
    Synonym:(uncommon)on
    Twoover six equals oneover three.
  12. (poker)Separates thethree of a kind from thepair in afull house.
    9♦9♠9♣6♥6♠ = ninesover sixes
  13. (music, more common in speech)Separates the primarychord of aslash chord from thebass note
Derived terms
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Translations
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physical positioning: on top of; above
physical positioning: across or spanning
physical positioning: in such a way as to cover
physical positioning: from one position to another over an obstacle
by comparison: more than; to a greater degree
by comparison: beyond, past, exceeding
by comparison: as compared to
math: divided by
finish with, done with—see alsoget over,‎move on,‎overcome
while using, consuming
concerning or regarding
above, in spite of, notwithstanding
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

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over

  1. (procedure word, military)A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.
    Bravo Six, this is Bravo Six Four. Stand by for ten mike report one dash three,over.
    Bravo Six Four, this is Bravo Six Actual. Send your traffic,over.
    How do you receive?Over!
  2. Instructs the reader to turn the page and continue reading the other side.
  3. (obsolete, slang)Ellipsis ofover the left shoulder(“expressing disbelief etc.”).
Coordinate terms
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  • (radio procedure word):out
Derived terms
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Translations
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end of sentence in radio communication
turn the page

Verb

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over (third-person singular simple presentovers,present participleovering,simple past and past participleovered)

  1. (UK, transitive, dialect, obsolete) To go over, or jump over.
    Heovered the fence in good style.
  2. (UK, intransitive, dialect, obsolete) To run about.
    The cattle have beenovering all day because of the flies.

References

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  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The semantic network forover", inThe Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishover(“riverbank, seashore, brink”), fromOld Englishōfer(“riverbank, seashore, brink, edge, margin, border”), fromProto-Germanic*ōferaz. Cognate withDutchoever(“riverbank, shore”),GermanUfer(“shore, shoreline, riverbank”),Low GermanÖver(“shore, riverbank”).

Noun

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over (pluralovers)

  1. (rare, dialectal or obsolete) Ashore,riverbank.
    The sea'sover.
    • 1338, Robert Mannyng,Mannyng's Chronicle:
      Cassibola was ready at Dover, & renged (encamped) his men by theover.
Usage notes
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Now mostly found in place names, as inWestover orOverton, Hampshire (a town built on the River Test). Fell out of use in the 16th century.

References
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Anagrams

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Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishover. CompareJapaneseオーバー(ōbā).

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with theIPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Mandarin”

Adjective

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over

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin)over the top;extreme;overdone

Verb

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over

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Taiwanese Mandarin) togo too far; toexceed; togo overboard
  2. (Taiwanese Mandarin) togame over; tofail

Danish

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Danishofær, fromOld Norseyfir.

Preposition

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over

  1. above
    Skyer hængerover byen.
    Clouds hangabove the city.
  2. past anhour
    Klokken er fjorten minutterover sytten.
    It's fourteen minutespast five p.m.

Etymology 2

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FromOld Norseofar.

Adverb

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over

  1. across
    Han komover grænsen.
    He gotacross the border.
  2. asunder;in two
    Vil du skære bollenover? ―Would you cut the bunin two?

Etymology 3

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Shortening ofoverkrydder.

Noun

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over c (singular definiteoveren,plural indefiniteovere)

  1. (informal) Theuppercurvedportion of aroll or a similar food.
    Jeg foretrækkeroveren.
    I prefer thetop slice.
Inflection
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Declension ofover
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeoveroverenovereoverne
genitiveoversoverensoveresovernes
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Borrowed fromEnglishover.

Noun

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over c (singular definiteoveren,plural indefiniteovereorovers)

  1. (cricket) Aset of sixlegalballsbowled, anover.
Inflection
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Declension ofover
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeoveroverenovere
overs		overne
genitiveoversoverensoveres
overs'		overnes

References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchōver, fromOld Dutch*ovar, fromProto-West Germanic*obar, fromProto-Germanic*uber, fromProto-Indo-European*upér, from*upo. CompareGermanober,über,Low Germanover,över,Englishover.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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over

  1. over,above
  2. (postpositional)over (implying motion)
    Kijk uit, er steekt een hond de straatover.
    Look out, a dog is crossingover the street.
  3. remaining,left over
    Na het feest was er bijna geen eten meerover.
    After the party there was barely any foodremaining.
  4. passing by, going away
    De pijn gaat weerover.
    The pain isgoing away again.
  5. denotes an imitative action;again, once again
    Ik schrijf je briefover.
    I will transcribe your letter.

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of“over”):onder

Derived terms

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nouns
verbs

Related terms

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Descendants

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Preposition

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over

  1. over
  2. about,concerning

Declension

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Pronominal adverbs ofover
prepositionover
postpositional adv.over
+ het (it)erover
+ dit (this)hierover
+ dat (that)daarover
+ wat (what)waarover
+ iets (something)ergensover
+ niets (nothing)nergensover
+ alles (everything)overalover

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Interjection

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over

  1. (procedure word, military)over(a radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.)

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromDutchover.Doublet ofoper.

Adverb

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over

  1. passing by,going away
    Synonym:lewat

Verb

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over

  1. alternative spelling ofoper

Further reading

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Latin

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Verb

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over

  1. first-personsingularpresentpassivesubjunctive ofovō

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutchover, fromProto-West Germanic*obar.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ōver

  1. over,above
    Antonym:onder
  2. across
  3. towards
  4. during
  5. ago, some duration in the past
  6. after,following(a duration)
  7. about,concerning
  8. due to,because of

Descendants

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Adverb

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ōver

  1. over
  2. across, on the other side
  3. plenty, more than enough
  4. used up,finished
  5. onceagain

Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishofer, fromProto-West Germanic*obar.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɔːvər/,/ˈɔvər/

Preposition

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over

  1. above

Descendants

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References

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Middle Low German

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Etymology

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FromOld Saxonovar, fromProto-West Germanic*obar, fromProto-Germanic*uber, and Old Saxon*uvir fromProto-Germanic*ubiri.

Pronunciation

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  • Stem vowel: ō²or ȫ¹or ȫ²
    • (originally)IPA(key): /ʊɒvər/,/ʏəvər/,/ʏœvər/

Preposition

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ōverorȫver

  1. (accusative)across, moving through or over something
    over dat rode mêr - across the Red Sea
  2. (accusative)across, moving to the other side of something
  3. (accusative)in,across, describing the spread of something
    over alle lant - all across the lands / in every land
  4. (dative)across, situated on the other side of
    over deme watere - across the water
  5. (dative)while, over the duration of
    over deme werke begripen - while working on something
  6. (dative)over,at,on,on top of, describing where something is situated; does not meanabove
    over deme dische - at the table

Usage notes

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It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Alternative forms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of“over”):under

Adverb

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ōverorȫver

  1. across, on the other side
  2. while
  3. on top of,additionally
  4. over (finished, ceased)

Usage notes

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It is not clear whether the umlaut was connected with semantic differences.

Alternative forms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of“over”):under

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseyfir.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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over

  1. above
  2. past
  3. over;morethan

Adverb

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over

  1. over
  2. across

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseyfir.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈoːʋɛr/,/ˈoːʋər/

Preposition

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over

  1. above
  2. past
  3. over;morethan

Adverb

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over

  1. over
  2. across

Derived terms

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References

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Zazaki

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Pronoun

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over

  1. opposite
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