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oni

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "oni"
Languages (19)
Translingual • English
Czech • Dupaningan Agta • Esperanto • Guinau • Isoko • Japanese • Lindu • Maori • Old Czech • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Sranan Tongo • Volapük • Welsh • Yoruba
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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oni

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forOnin.

See also

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English

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Etymology

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FromJapanese鬼(oni).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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oni (pluralonisoroni)

  1. AJapaneseevilspirit ordemon.
    • 1908, Henri L. Joly,Legend in Japanese Art: A Description of Historical Episodes, Legendary Characters, Folk-lore, Myths, Religious Symbolism, Illustrated in the Arts of Old Japan,pages263–264:
      ONI鬼. Generic name for devils, the representation of which in art is quite a common feature.Onis have claws, a square head with two horns, sharp teeth, and malignant eyes surmounted by big eyebrows; occasionally they wear trousers of tiger skin.
    • 1918, William Elliot Griffis,Dutch Fairy Tales for Young Folks‎[2]:
      Across the ocean, in Japan, there once lived curious creatures calledOnis. Every Japanese boy and girl has heard of them, though one has not often been caught.
    • 1979, Marian Ury,Tales of Times Now Past: Sixty-Two Stories from a Medieval Japanese Collection, University of California Press,→ISBN,page147:
      "That's no human being playing the instrument," he thought in amazement. "It can only be anoni or some such being."
    • 1992, Karl M. Schwarz,Netsuke Subjects: A Study on the Netsuke Themes with Reference to Their Interpretation and Symbolism, Böhlau Verlag Wien,→ISBN,page46:
      The standing Shoki holds with his left hand anoni on his leg.
    • 2005, Christopher Hart,Manga Mania Shoujo: How to Draw the Charming and Romantic Characters of Japanese Comics,→ISBN,page69:
      This is actually a boybishie in the form of an ogre. It's called anoni in Japanese.Onis have supernatural powers that can command the forces of nature such as wind (to create hurricanes) and lightning (to create thunderbolts).
    • 2011, Mike Shel, “Ecology of the Oni”, inJade Regent: The Brinewall Legacy, Paizo Publishing,→ISBN, page69:
      Theoni are a diverse group of evil spirits who take on the form of humanoid creatures so that they can enjoy the pleasures and vices of the flesh.

Anagrams

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Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechoni, fromProto-Slavic*oni, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂énos.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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oni m anim pl

  1. they(third person personal masculine animate plural)

Declension

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Declension ofoni (pl-only masculine animate pronoun)
plural
nominativeoni
genitivejich,nich1
dativejim,nim1
accusativeje,ně1
vocative—
locativenich1
instrumentaljimi,nimi1

1After a preposition.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Czech personal pronouns
singularplural
1st personjámy
2nd personfamiliartyvy
politevy
3rd personmononi1
fonaony
nonoona
reflexivesebe,se(clitic)

1 animate referents only, for inanimate onesony is used.

Pronoun

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oni

  1. nominativeanimatemasculineplural ofonen

Dupaningan Agta

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Interjection

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oni

  1. yes

Esperanto

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Etymology

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FromFrenchon, ultimately fromLatinhomō(“human being; man”). Englishone is not etymologically related toon, but its use as an indefinite personal pronoun was influenced by French.Doublet ofhomo.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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oni (accusativeonin,possessiveonia)

  1. (indefinite personal pronoun)one
    Oni povas vidi ĝin. ―One can see it.
  2. (indefinite pronoun, vague meaning)they(some people, people in general)
    Oni diras, ke Norvegio estas bonega loko por loĝi. ―They say Norway is a great place to live.

Usage notes

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  • Comparable to the use of generic "you" in English (e.g. In America, you can do what you want).
  • A sentence whose subject is "oni" can often be translated as an English sentence in the passive voice, for example:"Oni ofte referencas al Kimrio kiel la 'lando de la kanto.'" can be translated as "Wales is often referred to as the 'land of song.'"
  • Although the accusativeonin and the possessiveonia are possible, they are far less frequent thanoni itself. Correlatives such asiun(“someone (accusative)”) ories(“someone's”) are often more natural in contexts whereonin oronia might make sense: "one's mother tongue" will usually be renderedies gepatra lingvo rather thanonia gepatra lingvo, though the latter would still be correct. Note that where the subject of a clause isoni, anything thatoni possesses in that clause will take the reflexive possessivesia, notonia:Oni plej nature pensas ensia gepatra lingvo (one thinks most naturally inone's mother tongue).

Descendants

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See also

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Esperanto personal pronouns
singularplural
nominativeaccusativepossessivenominativeaccusativepossessive
first person mi min mia ni nin nia
second
person		formal vi vin via vi vin via
familiar1 ci cin cia
third
person		masculine li lin lia
feminine ŝi ŝin ŝia
neuter ĝi ĝin ĝia
gender-neutral2 ri
ŝli		 rin
ŝlin		 ria
ŝlia
reflexive si sin sia si sin sia
indefinite oni onin onia oni onin onia

1 The second-person familiar pronouns are rare.

2 The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronounsri (rin,ria) andŝli (ŝlin,ŝlia) are not widely used.

3 The proposed third-person feminine plural pronouniŝi (iŝin,iŝia) is not widely used.

Guinau

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Noun

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oni

  1. water

References

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  • Alfred Russel Wallace,A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro
  • Proceedings [of the] Philological Society, London, Volume 3

Isoko

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Noun

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oni (pluralini)

  1. mother

Japanese

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Romanization

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oni

  1. Rōmaji transcription ofおに

Lindu

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Noun

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oni

  1. noise

Maori

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Etymology

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Fromori “to sway, to agitate, to copulate” fromProto-Polynesian*ori (compare withTahitianoni “male [of animals]”,Tuamotuanoni “to copulate”);[1][2] with possible influence ofkoni “to move” andkonikoni “to rub” fromProto-Polynesian*koni (“to move, to copulate” – compare withTahitianʻoni,Tuamotuanoni “to grind” andonioni “to rub two things together [i.e. of sticks for fire]”).(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Verb

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oni

  1. towriggle
  2. tomove,shift orslip from a previous position
    Synonym:koni
  3. tojerk
    Synonyms:koni,tukutuku
  4. tothrust forward
    1. tothrust one's hips in a sexually suggestive way
  5. tomake love, tocopulate, tobed someone
    Synonyms:ai,ori,tauonioni

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^Tregear, Edward (1891),Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎[1], Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page291
  2. ^Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “oni”, in “POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online”, inOceanic Linguistics, volume50, number 2, pages551-559

Further reading

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  • Williams, Herbert William (1917), “oni, onioni”, inA Dictionary of the Maori Language, page279
  • “oni” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011,→ISBN.

Old Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*oni.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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oni m pl (third person)

  1. they(masculine plural)

Declension

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Declension of the third-person pronouns (around AD 1300)
singularmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeononaono
genitivejeho,(j)ho,ň(e)hojie,niejeho,(j)ho,ň(e)ho
dativejemu,(j)mu,ňemují,jiej,ní,niejjemu,(j)mu,ňemu
accusativejej,jen,ji,jeho,(j)ho
-ň,ňej,ňen,ni,ň(e)ho		ju,ňuje,ňe +later masculine
locativeňemní,niejňem
instrumentaljím,nímjú,ňújím,ním
possessivejeho(je)jie,jejílaterjeho
dualmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeonaoně
genitivejú,ňú
dativejima,nima
accusativejě,něji,ni
locativeňú
instrumentaljima,nima
possessive(je)jú
pluralmasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeonionyona
genitivejich,nich
dativejim,nim
accusativejě,ně
locativenich
instrumentaljimi,nimi
possessive(je)jich

Descendants

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Pronoun

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oni

  1. nominativemasculineplural ofonen

Polish

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Polishoni. The oblique case forms come from Proto-Slavic*ji.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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oni vir

  1. they(third-person masculine personal nominative)

Declension

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Declension ofoni
plural
nominativeoni
genitiveich/nich
dativeim/nim
accusativeich/nich
instrumentalnimi
locativenich
vocative—

See also

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Further reading

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  • oni in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*oni, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂énos.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ǒni/
  • Hyphenation:o‧ni

Pronoun

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òni ? (Cyrillic spellingо̀ни)

  1. they (nominativeplural ofȏn(“he”))

Declension

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Inflection of 3rd-person pronouns
singularplural
masculinefeminineneutermasculinefeminineneuter
nominativeȏnònaònoòniòneòna
genitivenjȅga,ganjȇ,jenjȅga,ganjȋh,ihnjȋh,ihnjȋh,ih
dativenjȅmu,munjȏj,jojnjȅmu,munjȉma,imnjȉma,imnjȉma,im
accusativenjȅga,ga,njnjȗ,ju,jenjȅga,ga,njnjȋh,ihnjȋh,ihnjȋh,ih
vocative——————
locativenjȅm,njȅmunjȏjnjȅm,njȅmunjȉmanjȉmanjȉma
instrumentalnjȋm,njímenjȏm,njómenjȋm,njímenjȉmanjȉmanjȉma

See also

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Serbo-Croatian personal pronouns
singularplural
1st personjami
2nd personfamiliartivi
politeVi
3rd personmononi
fonaone
nonoona

Slovak

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*oni, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂énos.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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oni

  1. masculineanimatenominativeplural ofon(“they”)

Declension

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Declension ofoni
plurale tantum
nominativeoni
genitiveich /nich
dativeim /nim
accusativeich /nich
locativenich
instrumentalnimi

Related terms

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Slovak personal pronouns
substantivepossessive
singularpluralsingularplural
1st personjamymôjnáš
2nd personfamiliartyvytvojváš
politevyváš
3rd personmononi* /onyjehoich
fonajej
nonojeho
reflexiveseba,sa(clitic)svoj

* masculine animate only,ony otherwise

Further reading

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  • “oni”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

Slovene

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Etymology

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FromProto-Slavic*oni.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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óni

  1. they (masculine plural, more than two)

Declension

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Forms between parentheses indicate clitic forms; the main forms are used for emphasis.

Declension ofoni (irregular, suppletive)
singular
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeònônaôno
accusativenjêga (ga,-nj)njó (jo,-njo)njêga (ga,-nj)
genitivenjêga (ga)njé (je)njêga (ga)
dativenjêmu (mu)njéj, njèj,njì (ji)njêmu (mu)
locativenjêmnjéj, njèj,njìnjêm
instrumentalnjímnjónjím
possessivenjegôv, njegòvnjénnjegôv, njegòv
dual
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeônadvaônidve,onédveônidve,onédve
accusativenjíju (ju,-nju)or pluralnjíju (ju,-nju)or pluralnjíju (ju,-nju)or plural
genitivenjíju (ju)or pluralnjíju (ju)or pluralnjíju (ju)or plural
dativenjíma (jima)njíma (jima)njíma (jima)
locativenjíjuor pluralnjíjuor pluralnjíjuor plural
instrumentalnjímanjímanjíma
possessivenjúnnjúnnjún
plural
masculinefeminineneuter
nominativeôniôneôna
accusativenjìh (jih,-nje)njìh (jih,-nje)njìh (jih,-nje)
genitivenjìh (jih)njìh (jih)njìh (jih)
dativenjìm (jim)njìm (jim)njìm (jim)
locativenjìhnjìhnjìh
instrumentalnjíminjíminjími
possessivenjíhovnjíhovnjíhov

See also

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Slovene personal pronouns
singulardualplural
1st personmjazmidvami
f ornmedve,midveme
2nd person
familiar (tikanje)		mtividvavi
f ornvedve,vidveve
3rd personmononadvaoni
fonaonedve,onidveone
nonoonedve,onidveona
Polite formssingular(not differentiated in dual and plural)
polite (vikanje)vi,Vi + 2nd person plural masculine
very polite (onikanje)oni + 3rd person plural masculine(archaic)
hyper polite (onokanje)ono + 3rd person singular neuter(obsolete)
patriarchal (onkanje)on + 3rd person singular masculine(obsolete)

Sranan Tongo

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Etymology

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FromEnglishhoney.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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oni

  1. honey
  2. honey bee,Apis mellifera
    Synonym:onifrei
  3. stingless bee
    Synonym:onifrei

Volapük

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Pronoun

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oni

  1. accusativesingular ofon
    • 1937, “Nuns”, inVolapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page47:
      Utans, kels vilons kopiedön lisedi at, kanons loenönoni de redakan balid Vpagaseda at.
      Those who wish to make a copy of this list may borrowit from the first editor of this journal.

Welsh

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Alternative forms

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  • onid(used before a vowel)
  • on'(colloquial, before a consonant),on'd(colloquial, before a vowel)

Etymology

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o(“if”) +‎ni(“not”)

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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oni (triggers mixed mutation except of forms ofbod)

  1. unless
    onilwydda ―unless he succeeds
    Oni bai fe yma, bydden ni wedi gwybod.
    Unless he were here, we would have known.
  2. until
    oniddaw fe ―until he comes

Synonyms

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Particle

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oni (triggers mixed mutation)

  1. used to introduce a negative question
    • 1988, “Mathew 7:22”, inY Beibl Cymraeg Newydd [The New Welsh Bible]‎[3], Tal-y-Bont: The Bible Society,→ISBN, archived fromthe original on1 October 2025:
      Bydd llawer yn dweud wrthyf yn y dydd hwnnw, ‘Arglwydd, Arglwydd,oni fuom yn proffwydo yn dy enw di, ac yn dy enw di yn bwrw allan gythreuliaid, ac yn dy enw di yn cyflawni gwyrthiau lawer?’
      Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did wenot prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name perform many miracles?’
  2. (colloquial)used to form atag question
    Byddwch chi yma,oni fyddwch chi?
    You'll be there, won't you?

Yoruba

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Cognate withOlukumiòní,Ifèòní, and likely cognate withIgalaèñíni.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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òní

  1. today
    Òní ni ọjọ́-ìbí mi.
    Today is my birthday.
    • 2008 December 19, Yiwola Awoyale,Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎[4], numberLDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium,→DOI,→ISBN:
      Òní l'a rí, ọba òkè l'ó rọ́la.
      It is [only]today that we see, [only] the Most High sees tomorrow (proverb on divine supremacy)

Synonyms

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Yoruba varieties and languages:òní(“today”)
view map;edit data
Language familyVariety groupVariety/languageSubdialectLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaEasternÀkókóỌ̀bàỌ̀bà Àkókóòní
Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)èní
Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdeèní
Rẹ́mọẸ̀pẹ́èní
Ìkòròdúèní
Ṣágámùèní
Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)Òkìtìpupaèní
Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)Mahinèní
OǹdóOǹdóèní
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹònùwé
OlùkùmiUgbódùòní
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìòní
Òdè Èkìtìòní
Ìfàkì Èkìtìòní
Àkúrẹ́Àkúrẹ́òní
Mọ̀bàỌ̀tùn Èkìtìòní
Òkè IgbóÒkè Igbóòní
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàèní
ÈkóÈkóèní
ÌbàdànÌbàdànòní
ÌbàràpáIgbó Òràòní
Ìbọ̀lọ́Òṣogbo (Òsogbo)òní
ÌlọrinÌlọrinòní
OǹkóÒtùòní
Ìwéré Iléòní
Òkèhòòní
Ìsẹ́yìnòní
Ṣakíòní
Tedéòní
Ìgbẹ́tìòní
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́òní
StandardYorùbáNàìjíríàòní
Bɛ̀nɛ̀òní
Northeast Yoruba/OkunOwéKabbaònì
Ede languages/Southwest YorubaCábɛ̀ɛ́Cábɛ̀ɛ́ (Ìdàdú)òní
Tchaourouòní
ÌdàácàBeninIgbó Ìdàácà (Dasa Zunmɛ̀)òní
Ifɛ̀Akpáréòní,nɔ́mbɛ́
Atakpamɛòní,nɔ́mbɛ́
Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)òní,nɔ́mbɛ́
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.

Coordinate terms

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Dates relative to today in Yoruba(layout ·text)
–3–2–10+1+2+3
direct speechthree days agotwo days agoyesterdaytodaytomorrowin two daysin three days
ìjẹrinìjẹtaànáòní,èníọ̀laọ̀túnlaọjọ́ mẹ́rin òní
reported speechthree days before,three days earliertwo days before,two days earlierthe day beforeon that daythe next daytwo days laterthree days later
ọjọ́mẹ́tasẹ́yìnọjọ́méjìsẹ́yìnọjọ́kansẹ́yìnọjọ́yìíọjọ́tóńbọ̀,ọjọ́kejìọjọ́méjìlẹ́yìn,ọjọ́kẹtaọjọ́mẹ́talẹ́yìn,ọjọ́kẹrin

Derived terms

[edit]

References

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  • Awoyale, Yiwola (19 December 2008),Global Yoruba Lexical Database v. 1.0‎[5], volumeLDC2008L03, Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium,→DOI,→ISBN
  • Salem Ǒchála È̩jè̩bá (2016),A Grammar of Ígálâ, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: The Linguistic Association of Nigeria (LAN), M & J Grand Orbit Communications Ltd.,→ISBN
  • SIL International (2016),Dictionnaire Ifè‎[6] (in French)
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