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old

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Old,öld,ǫld,øld,'old,old-,andOLD

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishold,oold, fromOld Englishald,eald(“old, aged, ancient, antique, primeval”), fromProto-West Germanic*ald, fromProto-Germanic*aldaz(“grown-up”), originally a participle form, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eltós(“grown, tall, big”). Cognate withScotsauld(“old”),North Frisianool,ual,uul(“old”),Saterland Frisianoold(“old”),West Frisianâld(“old”),Dutchoud(“old”),Low Germanold(“old”),Germanalt(“old”),Swedishäldre(“older, elder”),Icelandiceldri(“older, elder”),Latinaltus(“high, tall, grown big, lofty”). Related toeld.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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old (comparativeolderorelder,superlativeoldestoreldestor(US, dialectal)oldermost)

  1. Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., havingexisted for a relatively long period of time.
    anold abandoned building
    anold friend
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., […],→OCLC:
      They burned theold gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.
    1. Of a living being, havinglived for most of theexpected years.
      a wrinkledold man
    2. Of a perishable item, havingexisted for most of, or more than, itsshelf life.
      anold loaf of bread
    3. Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related to others.
      the ginkgo is one of theoldest living trees
      Basque is theoldest language in Europe
  2. Having beenused and thus no longernew orunused.
    I find that anold toothbrush is good to clean the keyboard with.
  3. Having existed or lived for the specified time.
    Howold are they? She’s five yearsold and he's seven. We also have a young teen and a two-year-old child.
    My great-grandfather lived to be a hundred and one yearsold.
  4. (heading)Of an earlier time.
    1. Former,previous.
      My new car is not as good as myold one. a school reunion forOld Etonians
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC:
        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became herold self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.
      • 1994, Michael Grumley,Life Drawing:
        But over myold life, a new life had formed.
    2. That is no longer inexistence.
      The footpath follows the route of anold railway line.
    3. Obsolete;out-of-date.
      That is theold way of doing things; now we do it this way.
    4. Familiar.
      • 1991,Stephen Fry, chapter III, inThe Liar, London:William Heinemann,→ISBN,page26:
        Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go.Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’
      When he got drunk and quarrelsome they just gave him theold heave-ho.
    5. (UK) Being agraduate oralumnus of a school, especially apublic school.
  5. Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
    • 1995,MacUser, volume11, MacUser Publications,page147:
      Rik: But even great shtick can getold real fast: the dreadedSaturday Night Live syndrome.
      Jim: Randomness can help - many Living Books have characters that do different things each time you click on them.
    • 2000, Charles A. Siringo,A Texas Cowboy: or, Fifteen Years on the Hurricane Deck of a Spanish Pony, Penguin,→ISBN,page100:
      John and I built a small stone house on the head of “Bonetta” Canyon and had a hog killing time all by ourselves. Hunting was our delight at first, until it becameold.
    • 2008, Homer L. Hall, Logan H. Aimone,High School Journalism, The Rosen Publishing Group,→ISBN,page171:
      The songs start to getold real fast, and it's easy to get bored after the third song.
    • 2012, Blossom,From Under a Bridge Ii, Xlibris Corporation,→ISBN,page40:
      It was the same old thing every week, working and drinking, working and drinking. It becameold and I got really sick of it.
    Your constant pestering is gettingold.
  6. Said ofsubdued colors, particularlyreds,pinks andoranges, as if they hadfaded over time.
    Synonym:antique
  7. A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.
    We're having agoodold time.
    My next car will be abigold SUV.
    My wife makes the bestlittleold apple pie in Texas.
    anyold
  8. (informal, of a person)Indicatingaffection andfamiliarity.
  9. Designed for a mature audience; unsuitable for children below a certain age.
    • 1868,Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls ..., page431:
      Monsieur's story is tooold for our Juvenile Magazine.
    • 1998, Rita Schrank,Science, Math, and Nutrition for Toddlers: Setting the Stage for Serendipity:
      The text is tooold for toddlers, but the colorful photographs are large enough and appropriate for them.
    • 2006 January 9, Christine L. Williams,Inside Toyland: Working, Shopping, and Social Inequality, Univ of California Press,→ISBN, page219:
      Diane Ehrensaft (1997) finds that middle-class parents typically buy "older" toys for their children to encourage accelerated development.
    • 201912, Sean David Burke,Lighting the Literacy Fire, Lulu.com,→ISBN, page131:
      If you feel you have to leave something out because it's too horrible, then either the story is tooold for the child, or you fail to understand the way your child will accept the rough justice and feel inwardly content at the outcome.
    • 2021, Joe Brumm, “Chest”, inBluey, season 3, episode11:
      Bluey: Oh! It's like checkers!
      Bandit: Yeah, but a lot harder than checkers.
      Chilli: And so probably a bitold for Bluey, right?
  10. (obsolete) Excessive,abundant.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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of an object, concept, etc: having existed for a relatively long period of time
of a living being: having lived for relatively many years
former
having existed or lived for the specified time
(of an item) used, not new
tiresome
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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old (countable anduncountable,pluralolds)

  1. (withthe, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the oldergeneration, taken as a group.
    A civilised society should always look afterthe old in the community.
  2. (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.
    Near-synonyms:geezer,oldie,oldster;see alsoThesaurus:old person
    I'm not letting anold wreck my good time today.
    I'm not letting anyolds wreck my good time today.
  3. (slang, most often plural) One's parents.
    I had to sneak out to meet my girlfriend and tellthe olds I was going to the library.
  5. (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-colouredlager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.
    Antonym:new
    • 2010,Peter Corris,Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page117:
      We crossed to the pub on the corner of Carlisle Street and I ordered two schooners ofold for him and one of light for me.

Anagrams

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseǫld, fromProto-Germanic*aldiz, cognate withGothic𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃(alds).

Noun

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old c (singular definiteolden,not used in plural form)

  1. (archaic)period,age,generation
    • 1813, N.F.S. Grundtvig, “Kristjan den sjette”, inPoetiske Skrifter, volume 3, page306:
      Hvad der bygtes i din Old, Bygtes som paa Grus og Sand.
      What was built in your age was built as if on gravel and sand.
    • 1805, Adam Oehleschläger,Isefjorden‎[1]:
      Hvor de tykke Piller favne / Støvet af de store Navne, / Som ei døer, ei blier forgiettet, / Naar minOld er længst udslettet.
      Where the massive columns embrace the dust of the great names that will not die, will not be forgotten when mygeneration has been obliterated for a long time.
  2. (archaic, rare)antiquity
    • 1891, Holger Drachmann,Vildt og tæmmet, section 299:
      Andenlæreren var en Sværmer, og en fanatisk Sværmer, for den nordiskeOld.
      The teaching assistant was an enthusiast, a fanatic enthusiast, for the NordicAntiquity.
Declension
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Declension ofold
common
gender		singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativeoldolden
genitiveoldsoldens
Derived terms
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References

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Etymology 2

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Clipping ofoldtidskundskab.

Noun

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old c (uninflected)

  1. ClassicalCivilization(a course in secondary school)
    Synonym:oldtidskundskab
Derived terms
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References

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German Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Low Germanôlt. The A became an O through the effect of the velarised L in the same manner as inDutchoud.

Cognate withEnglishold,Dutchoud,Germanalt,West Frisianâld.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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old (comparativeöller,superlativeöllst)

  1. old

Declension

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Positive forms ofold
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe isoldse isolddat isoldse sündold
partitiveeen ollseen ollswat ollsallens oll
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeolleolleoldolle
obliqueollenolleoldolle
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede ollede olledat ollede ollen
obliqueden ollende olledat ollede ollen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen olle/ollenen olleen old/ollet(keen) ollen
obliqueen ollenen olleen old/ollet(keen) ollen
Comparative forms ofold
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe isöllerse isöllerdat isöllerse sündöller
partitiveeen öllerseen öllerswat öllersallens öller
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeöllereöllereölleröllere
obliqueöllernöllereölleröllere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede öllerede ölleredat öllerede öllern
obliqueden öllernde ölleredat öllerede öllern
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen öllere/öllerenen öllereen öller(keen) öllern
obliqueen öllernen öllereen öller(keen) öllern
Superlative forms ofold
gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativehe is deÖllstese is deÖllstedat is datÖllstese sünd deÖllsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativeöllsteöllsteöllstöllste
obliqueöllstenöllsteöllstöllste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativede öllstede öllstedat öllstede öllsten
obliqueden öllstende öllstedat öllstede öllsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeen öllste/öllstenen öllsteen öllst(keen) öllsten
obliqueen öllstenen öllsteen öllst(keen) öllsten
Note: This declension is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Descendants

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Uralic*aŋa-(“to loosen, open (up), untie”)[1] +-d(frequentative suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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old

  1. (transitive) tosolve
  2. (transitive) tountie

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofold
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.oldokoldaszoldoldunkoldotokoldanak
def.oldomoldodoldjaoldjukoldjátokoldják
2nd objoldalak
pastindef.oldottamoldottáloldottoldottunkoldottatokoldottak
def.oldottamoldottadoldottaoldottukoldottátokoldották
2nd objoldottalak
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.oldani fog.
archaic
preterite		indef.oldékoldáloldaoldánkoldátokoldának
def.oldámoldádoldáoldánkoldátokoldák
2nd objoldálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.old vala,oldott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.oldandokoldandaszoldandoldandunkoldandotokoldandanak
def.oldandomoldandodoldandjaoldandjukoldandjátokoldandják
2nd objoldandalak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.oldanékoldanáloldanaoldanánkoldanátokoldanának
def.oldanámoldanádoldanáoldanánk
(or oldanók)		oldanátokoldanák
2nd objoldanálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.oldott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.oldjakoldj or
oldjál		oldjonoldjunkoldjatokoldjanak
def.oldjamoldd or
oldjad		oldjaoldjukoldjátokoldják
2nd objoldjalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.oldott légyen
infinitiveoldanioldanomoldanodoldaniaoldanunkoldanotokoldaniuk
other
forms		verbal nounpresent part.past part.future part.adverbial participlecausative
oldásoldóoldottoldandóoldva (oldván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
Potential conjugation ofold
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.oldhatokoldhatszoldhatoldhatunkoldhattokoldhatnak
def.oldhatomoldhatodoldhatjaoldhatjukoldhatjátokoldhatják
2nd objoldhatlak
pastindef.oldhattamoldhattáloldhatottoldhattunkoldhattatokoldhattak
def.oldhattamoldhattadoldhattaoldhattukoldhattátokoldhatták
2nd objoldhattalak
archaic
preterite		indef.oldhatékoldhatáloldhataoldhatánkoldhatátokoldhatának
def.oldhatámoldhatádoldhatáoldhatánkoldhatátokoldhaták
2nd objoldhatálak
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.oldhat vala,oldhatott vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.oldhatandok
or oldandhatok		oldhatandasz
or oldandhatsz		oldhatand
or oldandhat		oldhatandunk
or oldandhatunk		oldhatandotok
or oldandhattok		oldhatandanak
or oldandhatnak
def.oldhatandom
or oldandhatom		oldhatandod
or oldandhatod		oldhatandja
or oldandhatja		oldhatandjuk
or oldandhatjuk		oldhatandjátok
or oldandhatjátok		oldhatandják
or oldandhatják
2nd objoldhatandalak
or oldandhatlak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.oldhatnékoldhatnáloldhatnaoldhatnánkoldhatnátokoldhatnának
def.oldhatnámoldhatnádoldhatnáoldhatnánk
(or oldhatnók)		oldhatnátokoldhatnák
2nd objoldhatnálak
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.oldhatott volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.oldhassakoldhass or
oldhassál		oldhassonoldhassunkoldhassatokoldhassanak
def.oldhassamoldhasd or
oldhassad		oldhassaoldhassukoldhassátokoldhassák
2nd objoldhassalak
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.oldhatott légyen
infinitive(oldhatni)(oldhatnom)(oldhatnod)(oldhatnia)(oldhatnunk)(oldhatnotok)(oldhatniuk)
other
forms		positive adjectivenegative adjectiveadverbial participle
oldhatóoldhatatlan(oldhatva /oldhatván)

Derived terms

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Expressions

References

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  1. ^Entry #16 inUralonet, online Uralic etymological database of theHungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^old in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.).Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006,→ISBN.  (See alsoits 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • old in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromAnglian Old Englishald, fromProto-West Germanic*ald, fromProto-Germanic*aldaz(“grown-up”), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂el-.

Forms with/ɛː/ are either from forms such as West Saxon andKentish Old Englisheald or due to analogy with the comparativeeldre or superlativeeldest.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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old (plural and weak singularolde,comparativeeldre,superlativeeldest)

  1. Old;longextant orexistent:
    1. Elderly;advanced inlife orlifecycle.
    2. Familiar,habitual; established aspractice.
    3. Relating toold age orsenescence.
  2. From or relating to anearlierera;ancient:
    1. Old-fashioned,archaic; following previouscustom.
    2. No longerextant or inuse;former.
  3. Aged;worn orused from age:
    1. (of food and drink)Matured,stale.
    2. (astronomy, of the moon) In thewaningcrescent.
  4. Mature(fullydeveloped; past itsyouth).
  5. Old(having existed for a giventime).

Usage notes

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  • Especially in late Middle English, the analogical comparativeoldre and superlativeoldest are also seen.

Descendants

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References

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Noun

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old

  1. A moon in its first phase afternew; awaxingcrescent.
    • 1225,Dialogue on Vices and Virtues:
      Wið-uten ðe læche ðe loceð after mannes ikynde, þe newe oðerelde, and ðe wrihte his timber to keruen after ðare mone, ðe is ikyndelich þing; elles hit is al ȝedwoll.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

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Middle Low German

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Adjective

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old

  1. Alternative spelling ofôlt.
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