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off

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:of,-off,off.,off-,andOff.

English

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Alternative forms

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  • (US regional, English regional, Scottish)offn

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishof, fromOld Englishof,af,æf(from, off, away), fromProto-West Germanic*ab, fromProto-Germanic*ab(from), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂epo(from, off, back).Doublet ofof.

Cognates

Cognate withScotsaff(away, off),Saterland Frisianoawe,ou(from),West Frisianôf(away, off),Dutchaf(from, off),Germanab(from, off),German Low German,Luxembourgishof(off),Yiddishאָפּ(op,off),Danish,Icelandicaf(from, off),Faroese,Norwegian Bokmål andNorwegian Nynorskav(off),Swedishaf,av(off),Gothic𐌰𐍆(af,of, from); and withLatinab(of, from, by),Ancient Greekἀπό(apó,from), and others.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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off (notcomparable)

  1. In adirectionaway from the speaker or other reference point.
    He droveoff in a cloud of smoke.
    • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter IV, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,page46:
      No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or[]. And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he wasoff with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, inZollenstein, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      So this was my future home, I thought![]Backed by towering hills, the but faintly discernible purple line of the French boundaryoff to the southwest, a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
  2. Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.
    Please switchoff the light when you leave.
    The dinosaurs diedoff long ago.
  3. So as to remove or separate, or be removed or separated.
    He bitoff the end of the carrot.
    Some branches were sawnoff.
    Please take your clothesoff so that I can examine you.
    • 2010, Jo Whittemore,Front Page Face-Off, page113:
      The space had been sectionedoff with colorful plastic shelves so that her textbooks rested on the bottom and her binders and personal effects lay across the middle.
  4. (theater)Offstage.
    noises off
  5. Used in various other ways specific to individual idiomatic phrases, e.g.bring off,show off,put off,tell off, etc. See the entry for the individual phrase.

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Terms derived fromoff (adverb)

Translations

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in a direction away from the speaker or object
into a state of non-operation or non-existence
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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off (comparativemoreoff,superlativemostoff)

  1. (predicative only)Inoperative,disabled.
    Antonym:on
    All the lights areoff.
  2. (predicative only) Cancelled; not happening.
    The party'soff because the hostess is sick.
  3. Not fitted; not being worn.
    Your feet will feel better once those tight boots areoff.
    The drink spilled out of the bottle because the top wasoff.
  4. Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.
    1. Not correct; not properly formed; not logical, harmonious, etc.
      This calculation isoff: the numbers don't add up.
      Is it right to say 'the amount of cars'? It soundsoff to me.
      The guitar isn't tuned properly. The bottom E isoff.
    2. (predicative only) Inappropriate; untoward.
      I felt that his comments were a bitoff.
    3. Less than normal, in temperament or in result.
      sales areoff this quarter
    4. (in phrases such as 'off day')Designating a time when one is not performing to the best of one's abilities.
    5. (chiefly UK)Rancid,rotten,gone bad.
      Antonym:fresh
      This milk isoff!
    6. (by extension, Australia, slang)Disgusting,repulsive,abhorrent.
  5. (in phrases such as 'well off', 'poorly off', etc., and in 'how?' questions)Circumstanced.
    Our family used to be welloff; now we're very badlyoff.
    How are youoff for milk? Shall I get you some more from the shop?
    • 2008, Kiron K. Skinner with Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Serhiy Kudelia,The Strategy of Campaigning:
      'Are you betteroff now than you were four years ago?' With that pointed question, Ronald Reagan defined the 1980 presidential election as a 92 referendum on Jimmy Carter's economic policies
  6. Startedon the way.
    off to see the wizard
    And they'reoff! Whatsmyname takes an early lead, with Remember The Mane behind by a nose.
    • 1922,James Joyce, chapter V, inUlysses[1]:
      —Hello, Bloom. Where are youoff to?
      —Hello, M’Coy. Nowhere in particular.
    • 1925 July –1926 May,A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, inThe Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia:Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:
      "But I'moff, Mr. Malone. We sit once a week and have done for four years without a break. Eight o'clock Thursdays."
    • 1990, Peter Pinney,The glass cannon: a Bougainville diary, 1944-45:
      Let them glimpse a green man coming at them with intent, and they'reoff like a bride's nighty. Even after capture some of them will seize every attempt to suicide — they just can't live with the tremendous loss of face.
  7. Far; off to theside.
    He took me down the corridor and into anoff room.
    theoff horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the nigh or near horse
    • 1937,Zora Neale Hurston,Their Eyes Were Watching God, Harper Perennial, published2000, page151:
      He came in, took a look and squinched down into a chair in anoff corner and didn’t open his mouth.
  8. Temporarily not attending a usual place, such as work or school, especially owing to illness or holiday.
    John'soff today. He's back on Wednesday.
  9. Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from a post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent.
    He took anoff day for fishing.  anoff year in politics; theoff season
  10. (predicative only)Presentlyunavailable.(of a dish on a menu)
    I'll have the chicken please. — Sorry, chicken'soff today.
  11. (British, in relation to a vehicle) On the side furthest from the kerb (the right-hand side if one drives on the left).
    Antonyms:near,nigh
    Theoff front wheel came loose.
    • 1963, Jack Schaefer,Monte Walsh, page174:
      The man and the horse came closer and were Sonny Jacobs of the Diamond Six and a smallish neat sorrel definitely favouring itsoff forefoot.
  12. (cricket) In, or towards thehalf of thefield away from thebatsman'slegs; theright side for aright-handed batsman.
    Antonyms:on,leg

Derived terms

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Translations

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inoperative, disabled
rotten
not correct; not properly formed; not logical, harmonious, etc
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Preposition

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off

  1. Not positioned upon, or away from a position upon.
    He'soff the roof now.
    I took itoff the table.
    Keepoff the grass.
  2. Detached, separated, excluded or disconnected from; away from a position of attachment or connection to.
    The phone isoff the hook
    The coat felloff the peg.
    He was thrownoff the team for cheating.
    We've beenoff the grid for three days now.
    We'reoff their radar.
    He'soff the computer, but he's still on the phone.
  3. Outside the area or region of.
    The suspect is now believed to beoff the campus.
    I couldn't see what it said because the line of text ranoff the page.
  4. Temporarily not attending (a usual place), especially owing to illness or holiday.
    off work;off school
  5. Used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another, implying adjacency or accessibility via.
    His office isoff this corridor on the right.
    We're justoff the main road.
    Look! There's a UFOoff our left wing!
    1. Used to express location at sea relative to land or mainland.
      The island is 23 milesoff the cape.
  6. Removed or subtracted from.
    There's 20%off the list price.
  7. No longer wanting or taking.
    He's beenoff his feed since Tuesday.
    He'soff his meds again.
  8. (colloquial, more properly 'from')Out of the possession of.
    He didn't buy itoff him. He stole itoff him.
  9. Placed after a number (of products or parts, as if a unit), in commerce orengineering.
    I'd like to re-order those printer cartridges, let's say 5-off.
    • Tantalum bar 6off 3/8" Dia × 12" — Atom, Great Britain Atomic Energy Authority, 1972
    • samples submitted … 12off Thermistors type 1K3A531 … — BSI test report for shock and vibration testing, 2000
  10. (slang, drugs)Under the influence of.
    The guy wasoff a perc.
  11. (informal) As a result of.
    The team wonoff a late-game fumble by an opposing player.
    The economy is risingoff the strength of the tech sector.

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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away from a position upon
detached, separated, excluded or disconnected from
away from a position of attachment or connection to
used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another
used to express location at sea relative to land or mainland
removed or subtracted from
no longer wanting or taking
  • Finnish:poissa (fi)(+ elative or ablative; cannot be used in all contexts, else use other phrasing, like "no longer taking meds")
  • Swedish:utan (sv)
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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off (third-person singular simple presentoffs,present participleoffing,simple past and past participleoffed)

  1. (transitive, slang) Tokill.
    • 2017 September 19, Gwilym Mumford, “Kingsman: The Golden Circle review – spy sequel reaches new heights of skyscraping silliness”, inthe Guardian[2]:
      Most sorely missed is the relationship between Eggsy and Colin Firth’s delightfully avuncular mentor figure Harry Hart, who wasoffed, seemingly definitively with a bullet to the brain towards its end.
  2. (transitive, Singapore, Philippines, Nigeria) Toswitch off.
    Can youoff the light?

Translations

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to killsee alsokill
to switch offsee alsoswitch off

Noun

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off (uncountable)

  1. (usually in phrases such as 'from the off', 'at the off', etc.)Beginning;startingpoint.
    He has been very obviously an untrustworthy narrator right from theoff.
    • 2022 December 1, “2023 Royal Ascot suit ... are you ready for theoff?”, inanthonyformalwear.co.uk[3], archived fromthe original on24 January 2022:
      2023 Royal Ascot suit ... are you ready for theoff?(title)

References

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Further reading

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  • off”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

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Central Franconian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Chiefly throughGermanoft, fromMiddle High Germanofte, fromOld High Germanofta, fromProto-Germanic*ufta.

Adverb

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off (comparativeöfter,superlativeetöffste)

  1. (Ripuarian)often,frequently
    Synonyms:(archaic in some dialects)deck,decks
Alternative forms
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  • oft(Moselle Franconian)

Etymology 2

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Conjunction

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off

  1. alternative spelling ofov

Chinese

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Etymology

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FromEnglishoff.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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off

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, intransitive) to haveday off
  2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, transitive) toswitch off; toturn off

German

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Adjective

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off (indeclinable,predicative only)

  1. (Internetslang, especially video games)clipping ofoffline
    Coordinate term:on
    ich muss gleichoff gehen
    i have tolog off in a sec

Limburgish

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Etymology

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From Old Limburgishova, fromProto-Germanic*jabai.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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off(Eupen)

  1. (coordinating)or
  2. (subordinating)Introduces an indirect question, a doubt.if,whether.
  3. (off ... off)either ...or

Spanish

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishoff.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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off (invariable)

  1. off-screen
  2. (theater)off-Broadway;minor-league;small-time

Usage notes

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According toRoyal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

Derived terms

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Further reading

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