^Charles von Reichenbach [i.e.,Carl Reichenbach] (1850), “Sixth Treatise. The Material World in General.”, inPhysico-psychological Researches on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Electricity, Heat, Light, Crystallization, and Chemism, in Their Relations to Vital Force.[…], London: Hippolyte Baillière,[…],→OCLC, paragraph 215,page224:
Leaving the etymological derivation to be justified at some other opportunity, I will take the liberty to propose the short wordOd for the force which we are engaged in examining. Every one will admit it to be desirable that an uni-syllabic word beginning with a vowel should be selected for an object which occurs universally in an infinity of complex conditions of the material world, for the sake of convenient conjunction in the manifold compound words. The words magnetism, electricity, &c., are by far too long for convenient use in the language of science.
^Səlimi, Hüseynqulu (1976) A generative phonology of Azerbaijani (PhD)[1], University of Florida, page 153: “[T]he words for 'milk' and 'fire' differ with respect to the final stop in Tabriz from the literary dialect. In Tabriz we have [süt] 'milk' and [ot] 'fire' whereas in the literary dialect we have [süd] and [od].”
^Straughn, Christopher A. (2023), “Sonqori: ut”, inTurkic database at Elegant Lexicon[2]
Inherited fromProto-Slavic*otъ. The finald is due to analogy with other prepositions such asnad andpod. First attested in the first half of the 14th century.
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “od”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),od is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 477 times in scientific texts, 319 times in news, 310 times in essays, 371 times in fiction, and 303 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1780 times, making it the 23rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “od”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page309
“OD”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 24 May 2010
Jan Łoś (1886), “já ńe od tego”, in “Gwara opoczyńska. Studium dialektologiczne”, inRozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności (1), volume11, page186
Plastika se proizvodiod nafte. ―Plastic is madefrom oil.
U slamovima, ljudi često žive u kućama napravljenimod otpadnog metala. ―In slums, people often live in housesmade out of scrap metal.
(proscribed,passive voice)[withgenitive]by (usually followed bystrane ("side/party") denoting the party which is doing the action; active form is preferred in formal language)
Bomba je bila pronađenaod (strane) policije. ―The bomb was foundby the police.
“od”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025
Unusually for a monosyllabic word ending in a monophthong and singled, the current spelling of this word does not require the grave accent to indicate that the vowel is short. Likewise, there is a circumflex in the wordôd to show that its vowel is long. Compare this to regular spellings such asmwd andmẁd ornod andnòd. This phenomenon of not requiring a grave accent where one may expect it is more common in well-established grammatical words such asod below. See alsoos,nid ornag for similar cases.
D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “od”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “od”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023;“od1,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
Odic force on Wikipedia.Wikipedia