(Stenoscript) the long vowel /oʊ/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɔə˞], [ɔː˞] count as /oʊr/.)
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
O términu de Valverdi, mais grandi, limita con Portugal, precisamenti con dois distintius Departamentos, que eran Beira Alta con capital en Guarda, a Beira Baixa con capital en Castelo Branco.
The Valverde locality, the biggest, borders Portugal, more precisely with two distinct departments, which were Beira Alta with Guarda as its capital, and Beira Baixa with Castelo Branco as its capital.
The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, ando for information on the development of the glyph itself.
N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “o”, inGagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija,→ISBN, page372
Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “o”, inGagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi,→ISBN, page121
The definite articleo (in all its forms), due to historicalsandhi, regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositionsa(“to”),con(“with”),de(“of, from”), anden(“in”). For example,con o(“with the”) contracts toco, anden o(“in the”) contracts tono.
The definite articleo (in all its forms), due to historicalsandhi, contracts with preceding words which ends in [s] or [r] into the second form of the articlelo (la,los,las); this feature, frequent in spoken Galician, is not always marked in the written language. When done, ahyphen is used to separate both words:
Debes comer o caldo ~ Debes come-lo caldo ―You should eat the soup
The Galician pronouns, being atones, are usually appended to the verb; thoughsandhi,o could acquire the form -no (for example, when appended to a verb form ended in afalling diphthong or in a nasal consonant, the nasal in -no having an antihiatic epenthetic origin) or -lo (when appended to a verb form ended in a -s or -r, thel having its origin in the assimilation of the -s or -r with thel present in the pronoun before the 12th century).
Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “o”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars), whilea is used for acquired possessions.
o inBárczi, Géza andLászló Országh.A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN
Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016)Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography][3] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN, pages10-11
Morice Vanoverbergh (1933) “o”, inA Dictionary of Lepanto Igorot or Kankanay. As it is spoken at Bauco (Linguistische Anthropos-Bibliothek; XII)[4], Mödling bei Wien, St. Gabriel, Österreich: Verlag der Internationalen Zeitschrift „Anthropos“,→OCLC, page325
The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, ando for development of the glyph itself.
2002,Los Muestros[6], numbers46–55, R. Capuia,page44:
no kalia meter livros i defteres en la kama kuando se aparejava lisyoneso otros projetos, porke estos se puedian durmir i azersen pezgados,[…]
There was no need to put books and notebooks in bed when lessonsor other projects were appearing, because these could rest and [then] become [more] serious.
O porke el ke se empresto el livro se olvida,o porke se averguensa de darlo atras manchado o arazgado,o mizmo porke, segun akontese munchas vezes, el es un bibliofil para el kual es difisil de separarse de un livro ke le paso por la mano, el fakto es ke por una o otra de estas razones i munchas mas, los livros emprestados a otros raramente tornan a sus lugar, en la biblioteka del ken los empresto.
Either because he who lent the book forgot it,or because it shames one to give it back stained or torn,or even because, as it happens a lot, he is a bibliophile for whom it is difficult to separate himself from a book that spent time in his hand, the fact is that for one or another of these reasons and many more, books lent to others rarely return to their place: in the library of who borrowed them.
o inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
o inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"o", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
o inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[9], London:Macmillan and Co.
to take the military oath:sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, notesacramentum...)
o inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
et reversus de Galgalis ubi erant idola dixit ad regem verbum secretum habeo ad teo rex et ille imperavit silentium egressisque omnibus qui circa eum erant (Then returning from Galgal, where the idols were, he said to the king: I have a secret message to thee,O king. And he commanded silence: and all being gone out that were about him,)
Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur, and sporadically inCyrillic.
In native Latvian words (and in some older borrowings),o represents the sound of IPA [uə̯] (e.g.,otrs [uə̯tɾs]). In more recent borrowings, it represents the original sound of the word, i.e. [o] or [oː] (e.g.,opera [oːpeɾa]).
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
In 1979 a gathering of elders at the Waananga kaumatua affirmed te reo Maori“Ko te reo te maurio te mana Maori” the language is the life principle of Maori mana.
Mooring Frisian uses simple ⟨o⟩ only for[o] and in the diphthongs ⟨or, oi, ou⟩, respectively pronounced[ɔɐ̯],[ɔɪ̯],[ɔʊ̯]. Otherwise,[ɔ] is represented by ⟨å⟩.
The spelling ⟨or⟩ for[ɐ] occurs in the Sylt Frisian prefixfor-. In other dialects this isfer- with identical pronunciation.
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “o”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
O can be encountered in some Modern Spanish words such asdoquiera (do (contraction ofde ("of") +o ("where")) +quiera ("it may want"), literally" where it may want") and itsapocopic form,doquier.
The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, ando for development of the glyph itself.
According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),o is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 533 times in scientific texts, 598 times in news, 724 times in essays, 607 times in fiction, and 610 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 3072 times, making it the 14th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
^Ida Kurcz (1990) “o”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page298
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “o”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
“O I”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],18.06.2019
“O II”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2019 August 19
Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],(Can wedate this quote?)
For the most part, usage of the definite article in Portuguese is the same as in English. Some differences include:
it is optionally but commonly used with abstract mass nouns:
O amor é melhor quea guerra. ―Love is better than war.
in Brazil, it can be optionally used with adjectival possessive pronouns, and mandatorily with substantival possessive pronouns; both are mandatory in Portugal:
(O) meu livro é melhor queo seu. ―My book is better than yours.
it can be used with personal names; often this indicates familiarity with the person (due to personal connection with them or because they are famous); this is avoided in formal contexts:
(O) João foi até a cidade. ―João went to the city.
(O) Einstein foi um cientista famoso. ―Einstein was a famous scientist.
it is sometimes used instead of a possessive pronoun when the possessor is obvious from the context; this is especially prevalent when referring to parts of the body or one’s own relatives:
O pai está viajando. ―(My) dad is travelling.
Você falou coma tia? ―Did you talk with my/our aunt?
Quando você quebrouos braços? ―When did you break your arms?
it is used in a construct that is uncommon in English but common in Portuguese whereby a singular is used as a representative or prototype of all instances of the thing:
O carvalho é uma árvore grande. ―The oak is a big tree.
A picape é responsável pela poluição. ―Pick-up trucks are responsible for the pollution.
it is much more commonly used with placenames; most names of countries, states, provinces and continents take the definite article, but only a minority of cities:
Eu moro no Luxemburgo. ―I live in Luxembourg.
O Rio de Janeiro fica no Brasil. ―Rio de Janeiro is in Brazil.
2008, Sharon Chester,A wildlife guide to Chile,page15:
Polynesians are thought to have arrived at Easter Island around AD 800. They called the islandRapa Nui, or more familiarlyTe Pitoo Te Henua, the Navel of the World.
FromLatinūna, feminine ofūnus, via an earlier form*uă, with irregular dropping of the -n- due to high frequency of usage; however, compare the Aromanian equivalentunã, which preserved it.
The thirteenthletter of the Scottish Gaelicalphabet, written in theLatin script.It is preceded byn and followed byp. Its traditional name isonn oroir(“gorse”).
From the vowel reduction ofvô, dialectal form ofvâ, which is the contracted form of theUniverbation ofva'(“to go”,second-person singular imperative) +a(“to, forward”,preposition).
The double indicative and the double imperative are Sicilian moods built with the first conjugated element using exclusively the present tense of the verbsjiri (to go) orvèniri (to come) connected with the prepositiona (to) to a second conjugated action wich follows the tense, the number and the person of the first verbal element.
In the case ofjiri, which is irregularly composed also of the theme derived fromLatinvādō, can be contracted with the prepositiona depending on the dialect.
The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theSilesian language article on Wikipedia for more, ando for development of the glyph itself.
“o”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025
For purely factual statements,sa is more common. This marker is mostly used for promises, or when the anticipation carries an emotive charge, such as hope or fear. For example, “I’ll see you” is not a purely factual statement; it implies, “I hope to see you (again, some time in the future)”. In Sranan Tongo, this is then expressed as “mi o si yu”.
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second person
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third person
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Personal forms (colloquial)
singular
plural
first person
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second person
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third person
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The time allocated for running scripts has expired.The name of theLatin-script letter[[O#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|O]]/[[o#The time allocated for running scripts has expired.|o]].The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
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2nd person
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3rd person
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[pronoun dropped]
[preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] /The time allocated for running scripts has expired.
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plural
1st person
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2nd person
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3rd person
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1 Except foryín, object pronouns have a high tone following a low or mid tone monosyllabic verb, and a mid tone following a high tone. For complex verbs, the tone does not change.
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