Inherited from the stressed nominative ofLatinnōs(“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage bynosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguesenós andnos. See also the parallel development in Spanish ofnosotros.
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
Inos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”,[…]
And to this daywe, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”,[…]
(Mañegu)First person plural dative and accusative pronoun;us
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentános lega sobre nossa terra.
We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tellsus about our land be questioned.
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel ormuteh. 2 Also used as the polite singular form. For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologismsman,tan,san. These are extremely rare.
nos in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
When used in the plural genitive,nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on themasculinegenitivesingular.Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such asoneof us.
(attested in Greater Poland,anatomy)nose(protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
1877-1881 [c.1418], Władysław Wisłocki, editor,Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page2151:
Nos yego y vsta bez wschey ganibi
[Nos jego i usta bez wszej gańby]
c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page86v:
Nasus eyn nasznosz
[Nasus eyn nasznos]
c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page109v:
Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz konyecznoszą
[Pulpa est extrema pars nasi vel interior pars pomi ein grubsz koniecznosa]
beak,bill(rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
1885-2024 [XV ex.], Jan Baudouina de Courtenay, Jan Karłowicz, Antoni Adam Kryńskiego, Malinowski Lucjan, editors,Prace Filologiczne[4], volume V, page27:
Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “nos”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
Mańczak, Witold (2017), “nos”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “nos”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
B. Sieradzka-Baziur,Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “nos”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “nos”, inRozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków:Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “nos”, inHistorický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA,→OCLC
(by extension)nose(tip of an object, usually pointed)
toe cap(long elongated section of a shoe for a toe)
(obsolete,colloquial)beak,bill(rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
“NOS”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],25.06.2009
This form is very rarely used in spoken Brazilian Portuguese, where nominative forms are preferred over third-person direct object pronouns (which, when used, are typically placed before verbs).
“nos”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025
Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
Ifle orles precedeslo,la,los, orlas in a clause, it is replaced withse (e.g.se lo dije instead of*le lo dije).
Nos(“night, evening”) generally refers to the uncountable period of darkness. The word is also used with the names of evenings and nights of days of the week, with holiday and festival names and in the phraseNos da(“Good night”). It is therefore the opposite ofdydd(“day”).
yn ystod ynos ―during thenight
nos Wener ―Fridayevening/night
Nos Galan ―New Year'sEve
Noson(“night, evening”), on the other hand, is countable and refers to an individual evening or night and so is the word used when employing a qualifying numeral or adjective. It sits in contrast to the worddiwrnod(“day”).
noson wych ―a greatevening/night
tairnoson ―threenights
Noswaith(“evening”) is used in phraseNoswaith dda(“Good evening”). It is also synonymous tonoson in some southern dialects.
