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nervous

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 7 March 2019

Etymology

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A nervousleaf(sense 2.3) – that is, one havingnerves orveins – of apoinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
TheFarnese Hercules, ac. 216marblestatue ofHercules made for theBaths of Caracalla inRome,[n 2] was described byJoseph Spence as “strong and nervous”(sense 1.2)[n 3]

FromMiddle Englishnervous(composed of or incorporating nerves), fromLatinnervōsus(nervous; sinewy; energetic, vigorous),[1] fromnervus(nerve; muscle; sinew, tendon; (figuratively) energy, power; nerve; force, strength, vigour) (ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*snéh₁wr̥(sinew, tendon)) +-ōsus(suffix meaning ‘full of, prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns).[2] The English word is analysable asnerve +‎-ous.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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nervous (comparativemorenervousor(nonstandard)nervouser,superlativemostnervousor(nonstandard)nervousest)

  1. Of sinews and tendons.
    1. (obsolete) Full ofsinews.[14th–18th c.]
    2. (obsolete) Having strong or prominentsinews;sinewy,muscular.[15th–19th c.]
    3. (obsolete) Of a piece ofwriting, literary style etc.:forceful,powerful.[17th–19th c.]
      • 1663,Edward Waterhous,Fortescutus Illustratus [], London: Tho. Roycroft for Thomas Dicas [],→OCLC,title page:
        Fortescutus illustratus, or a commentary on thatnervous treatiseDe Laudibus Legum Angliæ[] [book title]
      • 1788,Frances Burney,Journals & Letters, Penguin, published2001, page264:
        Nervous, clear, and striking, was almost all that he uttered […].
  2. Of nerves.
    1. Supplied withnerves;innervated.[from 14th c.]
    2. Affecting or involving thenerves ornervous system.[from 15th c.]
      • 1733,George Cheyne, “Of the General Division of Nervous Distempers”, inThe English Malady []  [], London:G[eorge] Strahan []; Bath, Somerset: J[ames] Leake,→OCLC, part I,pages14–15:
        AllNervous Diſtempers whatſoever, from Yawning and Stretching, up to a mortal Fit of an Apoplexy, ſeems to me to be but one continued Diſorder, or the ſeveral Steps or Degrees of it, ariſing from a Relaxation or Weakneſs, and the want of a ſufficient Force and Elaſticity in the Solids in general, and theNerves in particular, in Proportion to the Reſiſtance of the Fluids, in order to carry on the Circulation, remove Obſtructions, carry off the Recrements, and make the Secretions.
      • 1774 September, “48.Medical Memoirsof the General Dispensary in London: For Part of the Years 1773 and 1774. ByJohn Coakley Lettsom, M.D. F.R.S. and A.S.S. and Physician to the General Dispensary. 8vo. Dilly.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym;Edward Cave], editor,The Gentleman's Magazine, volume XLIV, London: [] D[avid] Henry, and sold byF[rancis] Newbery [],→OCLC,page432, column 2:
        Elizabeth Moſs, a girl of about 15 years of age, was attacked, in December, 1773, with a ſlownervous fever, during the courſe of which ſhe had very little ſleep;[]
      • 2011, Nancy L. Kuntz, Jonathan Strober, “Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and Acquired Central Nervous System Demyelinating Disorders in Children and Adolescents”, in Dorothée Chabas, Emmanuelle L. Waubant, editors,Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System in Childhood, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,→ISBN,page58:
        However, concern regarding potential morbidity from biopsy of a centralnervous system lesion makes it rare to have a pathologic specimen available for clinical diagnosis.
    3. (botany, obsolete)Nervose.[17th–18th c.]
    4. Easilyagitated oralarmed;edgy,on edge.[from 18th c.]
      Synonyms:excitable,high-strung,hypersensitive;see alsoThesaurus:nervous
      Being in a crowd of strangers makes menervous.
      • 1928 November, Norman B. Cole, “Present Day Opinion Regarding the Relationship between Athletics and the Heart”, in James Huff McCurdy, editor,American Physical Education Review, volume XXXIII, number 9 (number 241 overall), Springfield, Mass.:American Physical Education Association,page575, column 2:
        I can only assure you here that thereis such a thing as anervous child; whose nervous system is unstable; who is easily upset; whose pulse is apt to "run away" at any excitement; who blushes and pales and sweats easily; who tires easily; and who may be subject to headache and eye strain.
    5. Apprehensive,anxious,hesitant,worried.[from 18th c.]
      Synonyms:seeThesaurus:nervous
      Antonyms:calm,relaxed
      • 1843 December 19,Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, inA Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London:Chapman & Hall, [],→OCLC,page161:
        They were looking at the table (which was spread out in great array); for these young housekeepers are alwaysnervous on such points, and like to see that everything is right.
      • 1870,Richard Whitbourne, “A Relation of the New-found-land, with a More Ample Discouery of that Countrey, []”, in T. Whitburn, editor,Westward Hoe for Avalon in the New-found-land: As described by Captain Richard Whitbourne, of Exmouth, Devon, 1622, London:Sampson Low, Son, and Marston, [];Field and Tuer, [],→OCLC,page25:
        Various harbours fit to receive settlers are now enumerated by the author; and as for the cold, of which some, through report, entertained anervous dread, he invites his readers to reflect on "the great colde that is at times in Muſcouia, Sweidon, Norway, Spruceland, Poland, Denmarke, and other Eaſterne and Northerne parts of the world, where the people liue well and grow rich;"[]
      • 1915, Cecilia Farwell, “The Nervous Child”, inThe Child Welfare Manual [], volume 1, New York, N.Y.: The University Society,→OCLC,page331, column 1:
        "My baby is a perfect bundle of nerves," said one mother to another. "She is so sensitive, she starts at the slightest sound. She sleeps only a few minutes at a time, and has to be walked or rocked to get her off again. She won't go to strangers, and I am anervous wreck taking care of her."

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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easily agitated or alarmed
apprehensive, anxious
relating to the nerves

Notes

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  1. ^FromR. Lawton Roberts (1888), “Lecture I”, inIllustrated Lectures on Ambulance Work, 3rd edition, London: H. K. Lewis, [],→OCLC, figure 3,page20.
  2. ^From the collection of theNational Archaeological Museum, Naples inItaly.
  3. ^See quotes undersense 1.2.

References

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  1. ^nervǒus,adj.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved4 March 2019.
  2. ^nervous,adj.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, September 2003;nervous”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^Bingham, Caleb (1808), “Improprieties in Pronunciation, common among the people of New-England”, inThe Child's Companion; Being a Conciſe Spelling-book [] [1], 12th edition,Boston: Manning & Loring,→OCLC,page76.

Further reading

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Middle English

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinnervōsus; equivalent tonerve +‎-ous.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /nɛrˈvuːs/,/ˈnɛrvus/

Adjective

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nervous(Late Middle English)

  1. Composed of orincorporatingnerves ortendons.
  2. (uncommon) Pertaining tonerves ortendons.

Descendants

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References

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