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need

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Needandneēd

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishneed,nede, a merger of two terms:

Noun

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need (countable anduncountable,pluralneeds)

  1. (countable anduncountable) Arequirement for something; somethingneeded.
    Synonyms:occasion,use
    There's noneed to speculate; we can easily find out for sure.
    She grew irritated with his constantneed for attention.
    Ourneeds are not being met.
    I've always tried to have fewneeds beyond food, clothing and shelter.
    • 1595 December 9 (first known performance),William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene i]:
      Being so great, I have noneed to beg.
    • 1651,Jer[emy] Taylor,The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London:[…] Francis Ashe […],→OCLC:
      Be governed by yourneeds, not by your fancy.
    • 2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, inThe Economist, volume411, number8891:
      One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains.[…]But out of sight is out of mind. And that, together with the inherent yuckiness of the subject, means that many old sewers have been neglected and are in direneed of repair.
  2. Lack of means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution.
Derived terms
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Collocations
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Adjectives often used with "need"
  • urgent, dire, desperate, strong, unmet, bad, basic, critical, essential, big, terrible, modest, elementary, daily, everyday, special, educational, environmental, human, personal, financial, emotional, medical, nutritional, spiritual, public, developmental, organizational, legal, fundamental, audio-visual, psychological, corporate, societal, psychosocial, functional, additional, caloric, private, monetary, physiological, mental
Translations
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something required
lack of means of subsistence
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishneden, fromOld Englishnēodian.

Verb

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need (third-person singular simple presentneeds,present participleneeding,simple past and past participleneeded)

  1. (transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
    Living thingsneed water to survive.
    You do not alwaysneed to go to the library to study. You may use the Internet.
    • 2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16-12 Scotland”, inBBC Sport:
      Scotlandneeded a victory by eight points to have a realistic chance of progressing to the knock-out stages, and for long periods of a ferocious contest looked as if they might pull it off.
  2. (transitive) To want strongly; to feel that one must have something.
    After ten days of hiking, Ineeded a shower and a shave.
    • 2013 July-August,Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, inAmerican Scientist, volume101, number 4:
      Energy has seldom been found where weneed it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.
  3. (modal, chiefly in the negative and interrogative) To be obliged or required (to do something).
    Ineed not go if I don't want to,need I?
    I was wondering if Ineed fill in more forms. - No, that's the only one youneed fill out.
    Ineed never have packed my set of sunglasses - it rained all day every day.
  4. (intransitive) To be required; to be necessary.
  5. (obsolete,transitive) To benecessary (to someone).
Usage notes
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  • The verbneed is construed in a few different ways:
    • With a direct object, as in “I need your help.”
    • With ato-infinitive, as in “I need to go.” Here, the subject ofneed serves implicitly as the subject of the infinitive.
    • With a clause of the form “for [object] to [verb phrase]”, or simply “[object] to [verb phrase]” as in “I need for this to happen” or “I need this to happen.” In both variants, the object serves as the subject of the infinitive.
    • As a modal verb, with a bare infinitive; in negative polarity contexts, such as questions (“Need I say more?” “Need you have paid so much?”), with negative expressions such asnot (“It need not happen today”; “No one need ever know”), and with similar constructions (“There need only be one”; “it need be signed only by the president”; “I need hardly explain it”).Need in this use does not have inflected forms, apart from the contractionneedn’t.
    • With a gerund-participle, as in “The car needs washing”, or, in some North American dialects, with a past participle, as in “The car needs washed”[1] (both meaning roughly “The car needs to be washed”).
    • With a direct object and a predicative complement, as in “We need everyone here on time” (meaning roughly “We need everyone to be here on time”) or “I need it gone” (meaning roughly “I need it to be gone”).
    • In certain dialects, and colloquially in certain others, with an unmarked reflexive pronoun, as in “I need me a car.”
  • A sentence such as “I need you to sit down” or “you need to sit down” is more polite than the bare command “sit down”, but less polite than “please sit down”. It is considered somewhat condescending and infantilizing, hence dubbed by some “the kindergarten imperative”, but is quite common in American usage.[2]
Conjugation
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Conjugation ofneed
infinitive(to)need
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularneedneeded
2nd-personsingularneed,needest†needed,neededst†
3rd-personsingularneeds,needeth†needed
pluralneed
subjunctiveneedneeded
imperativeneed—
participlesneedingneeded
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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to have an absolute requirement for
to want strongly
to be obliged to
to be required or necessary
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^"Needs washed" by Zach Maher and Jim Wood,Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America, 2011
  2. ^“You Need To Read This: How need to vanquished have to, must, and should.” by Ben Yagoda, Slate, July 17, 2006

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Estonian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*nek(“those”,medial). The nominative form has been extended with the regular nominative plural ending (-d). Compare dialectalFinnishnet(“they”,chiefly inanimate).

Pronoun

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need (genitivenende,partitiveneid)

  1. these,those

Declension

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Declension of see (irregular)
singularplural
nominativeseeneed
genitivesellenende
partitivesedaneid
illativesellesse / sessenendesse / neisse
inessiveselles / sesnendes / neis
elativesellest / sestnendest / neist
allativesellelenendele / neile
adessivesellel / selnendel / neil
ablativesellelt / seltnendelt / neilt
translativeselleks / seksnendeks / neiks
terminativeselleninendeni
essivesellenanendena
abessiveselletanendeta
comitativeselleganendega

See also

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Estonian personal pronouns
singularplural
longshortlongshort
1st personminamameieme
2nd personfamiliarsinasateiete
politeTeieTe
3rd personanimatetematanemadnad
inanimateseeneed

Votic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*nek (the nominative plural ending has been replaced with the standard ending-d), fromProto-Uralic*ne.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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need

  1. (demonstrative)those

Inflection

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Inflection of need
singularplural
nominativeseeneed
nee
genitiveseneneije
nedʹdʹe
accusativeseneneije
nedʹdʹe
partitivesitäneite
illativesiheneise
inessivesenezneiz
elativesenesseneisse
allativesele
selle		neile
neille
adessiveselleneille
ablativeselteneilte
translativesenessineissi
**) theterminative is formed by adding the suffix-ssaa to the shortillative (sg) or thegenitive.
***) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix-ka to thegenitive.

See also

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Votic demonstratives
proximalneutral/distal
singularkasesee
pluralkanedneed

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisiannēd,nād, fromProto-Germanic*naudiz.

Noun

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need c (pluralneden)

  1. need

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “need”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
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