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near

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Nearandne-ar

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishnere,ner, fromOld Englishnēar(“nearer”,comparative ofnēah(“nigh”), the superlative would becomenext), influenced byOld Norsenær(“near”), both originating fromProto-Germanic*nēhwiz(“nearer”), comparative of the adverb*nēhw(“near”), from the adjective*nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic*h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived fromProto-Indo-European*h₂neḱ-(“to reach”).

Cognate withOld Frisianniār(“nearer”),Dutchnaar(“to, towards”),Germannäher(“nearer”),Danishnær(“near, close”),Norwegiannær(“near, close”)Swedishnära(“near, close”). See alsonigh.

Near appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; compareDanishnær(“near, close”),Norwegiannær(“near, close”)Swedishnära(“near, close”), as opposed tonigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective, likeDutchna(“close, near”),Germannah(“close, near, nearby”),Luxembourgishno(“nearby, near, close”). Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root:*nēhw(“near, close”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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near (comparativenearer,superlativenearest)

  1. Physicallyclose.
    Synonym:close
    Antonym:remote
    I can't seenear objects very clearly without my glasses.
    Staynear at all times.
    • 1914,Irvin S. Cobb,Europe Revised:
      At the end of the linenearest the Arch, under a flary light, stood an old bearded man having the look on his face of a kindly but somewhat irritated moo-cow.
  2. Close in time.
    The end isnear.
  3. Closely connected or related.
    The deceased man had nonear relatives.
  4. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; intimate; dear.
    A matter ofnear consequence to me.
    anear friend
    • 2017, Velvel Pasternak,Behind the Music, Stories, Anecdotes, Articles and Reflections, page225:
      TheBesht preached that the simple man, imbued with native faith and able to pray fervently and wholeheartedly with a sense of joy in his heart, wasnearer and dearer to God than the learned but joyless formalist spending his whole life in the study of Talmud.
  5. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling.
    a versionnear to the original
  6. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow.
    anear escape
  7. Approximate,almost.
    The two words arenear synonyms.
  8. (British, in relation to a vehicle) On the side nearest to the kerb (the left-hand side if one drives on the left).
    Antonym:off
    Thenear front wheel came loose.
  9. (dated) Next to the driver, when he is on foot;(US) on the left of an animal or a team.
    thenear ox; thenear leg
  10. (obsolete) Immediate; direct; close; short.
  11. (now rare)Stingy;parsimonious.[from 17th c.]
    Don't benear with your pocketbook.
  12. (programming, not comparable) Within the currently selectedsegment in a segmentedmemoryarchitecture.
    Antonym:far
    anear pointer

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of“physically close”): see alsoThesaurus:distant
  • (antonym(s) of“side of an animal or vehicle”):off

Derived terms

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Translations

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physically close
close in time
closely connected or related
close to one's interests, affection, etc.
close to anything followed or imitated
so as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss
almost
on the side nearest to the kerb
next to the driver, when he is on foot
immediate; direct; close; short
stingy—seestingy
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adverb

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near (comparativenearer,superlativenearest)

  1. At or towards a position close in space or time.(Can we add anexample for this sense?)
  2. Nearly;almost.
    He wasnear unconscious when I found him.
    I jumped into thenear-freezing water.
    Inear ruptured myself trying to move the piano.
    • 1666,Samuel Pepys,Diary and Correspondence, published1867:
      […] he hears for certain that the Queen-Mother is about and hathnear finished a peace with France[…]
    • 1825,David Hume,Tobias George Smollett,The History of England, page263:
      Sir John Friend had verynear completed a regiment of horse.
    • 1886,Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad,Folk and Fairy Tales, page169:
      Peter ran after them as fast as his legs would carry him, but at last he had only one of the hares left, and when this was gone, he was verynear burst with running.
    • 2003, Owen Parry,Honor's Kingdom, page365:
      Thinking about those pounds and pence, Inear forgot my wound.
    • 2004,Jimmy Buffett,A Salty Piece of Land, page315:
      "I damnnear forgot." He pulled an envelope from his jacket.
    • 2006, Juliet Marillier,The Dark Mirror, page377:
      The fire was almost dead, the chambernear dark.

Usage notes

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The sense ofnearly oralmost is dialect, colloquial, old-fashioned or poetic in certain uses, such as, in many cases, whennear is used to directly modify a verb.

Derived terms

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Translations

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at or towards a position close in space or time
nearly; almost—seenearly,‎almost

Preposition

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near

  2. Physicallyclose to, in closeproximity to.
    There are habitable planets orbiting many of the starsnear our Sun.
    • 1957,Edgar Snow,Random Notes on Red China‎[1],Harvard University Press, published1968,→OCLC,page103:
      Ts'ai Ch'ien蔡乾 was born in 1908 in Changhuanear Taichung, Taiwan (Formosa).
    • 1820,Mary Shelley,Maurice:
      He entered the inn, and asking for dinner, unbuckled his wallet, and sat down to rest himselfnear the door.
    • 1918,W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVII, inThe Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.:The Bobbs-Merrill Company,→OCLC:
      This time was most dreadful for Lilian. Thrown on her own resources and almost penniless, she maintained herself and paid the rent of a wretched roomnear the hospital by working as a charwoman, sempstress, anything.
    • 1927,H.P. Lovecraft,The Colour Out of Space:
      It shied, balked, and whinnied, and in the end he could do nothing but drive it into the yard while the men used their own strength to get the heavy wagonnear enough the hayloft for convenient pitching.
    • 2013 August 16,John Vidal, “Dams endanger ecology of Himalayas”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number10, page 8:
      Most of the Himalayan rivers have been relatively untouched by damsnear their sources. Now the two great Asian powers, India and China, are rushing to harness them as they cut through some of the world's deepest valleys.
  3. Close to intime.
    The voyage wasnear completion.
  4. Close to in nature or degree.
    His opinions arenear the limit of what is acceptable.
    • 2019, Emma Lea,A Royal Enticement:
      There was no way Brín felt anything anywherenear what I felt for him. He saw me as a friend.

Usage notes

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Joan Maling (1983) shows thatnear is best analysed as an adjective with which the use ofto is optional, rather than a preposition. It has the comparative and the superlative, and it can be followed byenough. The use ofto however is usually British.

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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in close proximity to
close to in time
close to in nature or degree

Verb

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near (third-person singular simple presentnears,present participlenearing,simple past and past participleneared)

  1. (ambitransitive) To come closer to; toapproach.
    The shipnears the land.
    • 1964 May, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, inModern Railways, pages331–332:
      We started back in the same conditions, and for part of the journey ran through semi-darkness, but the sun appeared once again as weneared London.
    • 2021 February 24, Greg Morse, “Great Heck: a tragic chain of events”, inRAIL, number925, page38:
      As heneared a bridge over the East Coast Main Line near Great Heck, he lost control. His Land Rover left the carriageway and veered onto the hard shoulder before biting into the grass verge.

Translations

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come closer to

See also

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Noun

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near (pluralnears)

  1. Theleft side of a horse or of a team of horses pulling a carriage etc.
    Synonym:near side
    Antonym:off side

See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Latin

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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near

  1. first-personsingularpresentpassivesubjunctive ofneō

Latvian

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Verb

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near

  1. inflection ofneart:
    1. second/third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. third-personpluralpresentindicative
    3. second-personsingularimperative
  2. (with the particlelai)third-personsingularimperative ofneart
  3. (with the particlelai)third-personpluralimperative ofneart

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norseniðar, nominative and accusative plural ofnið f(“waning moon”).

Noun

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near pl (definite pluralneane)

  1. alunar phase of anold moon, i.e. period of time in which themoon iswaning
    Antonym:ny

References

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Anagrams

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Old English

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Adjective

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nēar

  1. comparative degree ofnēah

Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishnæver, fromOld Englishnǣfre.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /nɛːr/,/naːr/,/nɛːˈvɛːr/

Adverb

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near

  1. never
    • 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page93:
      Anear a haapney to paay a peepeare.
      Hadne'er a halfpenny to pay the piper.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page59
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