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nach

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:náchandnach-

German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germannāh, fromOld High Germannāh with preservation of word-final-h as-ch; thus pertaining to modernnah(“near”) (from Old High German inflectednāh-), fromProto-West Germanic*nāhw, fromProto-Germanic*nēhw. Cognate withDutchna,Englishnigh.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /naːx/(generally)
IPA^(key): /nax/(sometimes alternatively as a preposition, unless stressed)
Audio: (file)
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Preposition

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nach [withdative]

after,past(later in time)
Viertel nach sechs
a quarter past six
nach einer Woche
after a week
after,behind(in sequence)
B kommt nach A.
B comes after A.
to,towards (with geographical names; see usage notes below)
die Flucht nach Ägypten
the flight into Egypt
according to; guided by
- 1918,Elisabeth von Heyking,Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 19:
  Die eigenen Zimmer hatten sich die Enkelnach persönlichem Geschmack eingerichtet.
  The grandchildren had furnished their own rooms according to their personal taste.
by the authority of;following
die Analyse nach Marx
the analysis following Marx
(with verbs of sensual perception)like (see usage notes below)
Das riechtnach Knoblauch. ―This smellslike garlic.
for(indicating desire for an object)
nach etwas greifen ―to reach for something
nach etwas streben ―to strive for/after something
nach etwas suchen ―to search for something

Usage notes

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(to, towards): The directional prepositionnach is now used chiefly with geographical names that donot have an article with them:nach Ägypten, nach Hamburg, etc. Only in elevated, literary style are there remnants of a freer use ofnach:

nach demIrak(“to Iraq”) — for which usually:in den Irak

nach demSchloss(“to the castle”) — for which usually:zum Schloss.

At times, this use ofnach conveys the implication that the destination is not reached. Thus:Er fuhr zum Schloss. – “He travelled to the castle [and arrived there].” But:Er fuhr nach dem Schloss. – “He travelled towards the castle [and may or may not have arrived].”

Directionalnach with personal names (or names of shops etc.) is found in the regional vernaculars of north-western Germany:nach Peter (“to Peter's house”). This is nonstandard usage.
(like): There may be a slight semantic distinction between the use ofnach andwie after a verb of sensual perception. The following phrases both translate to English as “This feels like silk”, but compare the different implications:Das fühlt sich nach Seide an. (“This feels like silk, and it probably is.”)Das fühlt sich an wie Seide. (“This feels like silk, although it’s probably something else.”) This distinction is not a strict one, however.

Inflection

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Pronominal adverbs ofnach

preposition	nach
+wo-	wonach
+da-	danach
+hier-	hiernach

Postposition

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nach[withdative]

according to
meiner Meinung nach ―in my opinion
meinem Urteil nach ―in my judgement

Adverb

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nach

(in compound verbs)after,behind,later,next to
Meine Uhr gehtnach.
My watch is slow.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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nach-

Irish

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Alternative forms

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ná(Munster; all senses)

Etymology

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FromOld Irishnach, fromProto-Celtic*nekʷe, a combination ofProto-Indo-European*né(negative particle) and*-kʷe(“and”); compareLatinneque.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /n̪ˠax/

Conjunction

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nach(triggerseclipsis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

that...not(introduces a negativesubordinate clause; the negation ofgo).
Dúirt sénach raibh carr aige.
He saidthat he didn’t have a car.

Particle

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nach(triggerseclipsis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

not(in questions)
Nach bhfuil ocras ort?
Are younot hungry?
Chonaic mé í,nach bhfaca?
I saw her, didn’t I?

Particle

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nach(copular form)

isn’t...?/whether/if it is...(introduces negative questions, both direct and indirect)
Nach maith leat bainne?
Don’t you like milk?
Níl a fhios agam an miste dó nónach miste.
Idon’t know if it matters to him or not.
who/which isn’t...(introduces negative relative clauses, both direct and indirect)
an bheannach múinteoir í ―the woman who isn’t a teacher
an bheannach maith léi bainne ―the woman who doesn’t like milk

Related terms

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Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
present/future
main clause		is	ní	an	nach
relative clause	direct	is	nach	–
relative clause	indirect	ar,arb^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur,gurb^v		an	nach
past/conditional
main clause		ba,b’^v	níor,níorbh^v	ar,arbh^v	nár,nárbh^v
relative clause	direct	ba,ab^v	nár,nárbh^v	–
relative clause	indirect	ar,arbh^v		–
other subordinate clause		gur,gurbh^v		ar,arbh^v	nár,nárbh^v
present subjunctive
–		gura,gurab^v	nára,nárab^v	–

compound copular forms
base word		present/future		past/conditional
cá		cár,cárb^v		cár,cárbh^v
cé		cér,cérb^v		cér,cérbh^v
dá		–		dá mba,dá mb’^v
de/do		dar,darb^v		dar,darbh^v
faoi		faoinar,faoinarb^v		faoinar,faoinarbh^v
i		inar,inarb^v		inar,inarbh^v
le		lenar,lenarb^v		lenar,lenarbh^v
má		más		mába,máb’^v
mura		mura,murab^v		murar,murarbh^v
ó(preposition)		ónar,ónarb^v		ónar,ónarbh^v
ó(conjunction)		ós		óba,ób’^v
trí		trínar,trínarb^v		trínar,trínarbh^v

^v Used before vowel sounds

References

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Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “nach”, inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 nach, nách (‘not’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “3 nach, nách (‘who/which ... not’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “4 nach, nách (‘that ... not’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “5 nach, nách (‘isn’t?, doesn’t?’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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FromOld High Germannoh. Cognate withGermannoch,Dutchnog.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /nɑχ/
Rhymes:-ɑχ

Adverb

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nach

still
Ech léierennach Lëtzebuergesch.
I'mstill learning Luxembourgish.
yet
just

Conjunction

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nach

nor
- Luxembourgish translation of Matthew 5:35:
  nach bei der Äerd, well dat ass d'Bänkelche fir seng Féiss,nach bei Jerusalem, well dat ass deem grousse Kinnek seng Stad.
  nor by the earth, because it is the footstool for his feet,nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King.

Usage notes

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Often used withweder(“neither”).

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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nach n (definite singularnachet,indefinite pluralnach,definite pluralnacha)

after-party

Synonyms

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nachspiel

Old Irish

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*nekʷos(“someone, something”); comparenech(“someone”). Cognate withWelshneb.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /n̪ax/

Determiner

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nach

some,any

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:nach.

Inflection

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Case	Singular			Plural
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	nach	nach^L	na^H	nacha^H
Accusative	nach^N		na^H	nacha^H
Genitive	nach^L,naich^L	nacha^H	nach	—
Dative	nach^L			nach
^L indicates a form that triggers lenition,^N a form that triggers nasalization (eclipsis), and^H a form that triggers/h/-prothesis. The plural forms shown occur only in negative clauses. In positive clauses, the plural is supplied byalaili,araili.

IPA^(key): /n̪ax/

Verb

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nach

alternative spelling ofnách(“that (it) is not”)

Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishnach, fromProto-Celtic*ne-kʷe. Cognate withIrishnach.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /n̪ˠax/;(Lewis)[n̪ˠaχ]
Hyphenation:nach

Verb

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nach

Used together with the dependent form of a verb to form negative questions.
Nach eil an t-acras ort? ―Are younot hungry?
Chunnaic mi i,nach fhaca? ―I saw her, didn't I?
Nach buail thu e? ―Won't you strike him?
Used together with the dependent form of a verb to form negative subordinate clauses;that ...not
Bha e ag ràdhnach robh càr aige. ―He saidthat he didn't have a car.

Usage notes

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Traditionally lenites verbs starting inf followed by a vowel, doesn’t mutate other initial sounds.

Inflection

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Conjugation ofbi (highly irregular)

			singular			plural
			first	second	thirdm/f	first	second	third
independent	present		tha mi	tha thu	tha e/i	tha sinn	tha sibh	tha iad
	past		bha mi	bha thu	bha e/i	bha sinn	bha sibh	bha iad
	future	simple	bidh mi	bidh tu	bidh e/i	bidh sinn	bidh sibh	bidh iad
	future	emphatic	bithidh mi	bithidh tu	bithidh e/i	bithidh sinn	bithidh sibh	bithidh iad
	conditional	simple	bhithinn	bhiodh tu	bhiodh e/i	bhiodh sinn bhiomaid	bhiodh sibh	bhiodh iad
	conditional	emphatic	bhithinn	bhitheadh tu	bhitheadh e/i	bhitheadh sinn bhitheamaid	bhitheadh sibh	bhitheadh iad
negative	present		chaneil mi	chaneil thu	chaneil e/i	chaneil sinn	chaneil sibh	chaneil iad
	past		charobh mi	charobh thu	charobh e/i	charobh sinn	charobh sibh	charobh iad
	future		chabhi mi	chabhi thu	chabhi e/i	chabhi sinn	chabhi sibh	chabhi iad
	conditional	simple	chabhithinn	chabhiodh tu	chabhiodh e/i	chabhiodh sinn chabhiomaid	chabhiodh sibh	chabhiodh iad
	conditional	emphatic	chabhithinn	chabhitheadh tu	chabhitheadh e/i	chabhitheadh sinn chabhitheamaid	chabhitheadh sibh	chabhitheadh iad
affirmative interrogative	present		abheil mi?	abheil thu?	abheil e/i?	abheil sinn?	abheil sibh?	abheil iad?
	past		anrobh mi?	anrobh thu?	anrobh e/i?	anrobh sinn?	anrobh sibh?	anrobh iad?
	future		ambi mi?	ambi thu?	ambi e/i?	ambi sinn?	ambi sibh?	ambi iad?
	conditional	simple	ambithinn?	ambiodh tu?	ambiodh e/i?	ambiodh sinn? ambiomaid?	ambiodh sibh?	ambiodh iad?
	conditional	emphatic	ambithinn?	ambitheadh tu?	ambitheadh e/i?	ambitheadh sinn ambitheamaid?	ambitheadh sibh?	ambitheadh iad?
negative interrogative	present		nacheil mi?	nacheil thu?	nacheil e/i?	nacheil sinn?	nacheil sibh?	nacheil iad?
	past		nachrobh mi?	nachrobh thu?	nachrobh e/i?	nachrobh sinn?	nachrobh sibh?	nachrobh iad?
	future		nachbi mi?	nachbi thu?	nachbi e/i?	nachbi sinn?	nachbi sibh?	nachbi iad?
	conditional	simple	nachbithinn?	nachbiodh tu?	nachbiodh e/i?	nachbiodh sinn? nachbiomaid?	nachbiodh sibh?	nachbiodh iad?
	conditional	emphatic	nachbithinn?	nachbitheadh tu?	nachbitheadh e/i?	nachbitheadh sinn? nachbitheamaid?	nachbitheadh sibh?	nachbitheadh iad?
relative future		simple	(a)bhios mi	(a)bhios tu	(a)bhios e/i	(a)bhios sinn	(a)bhios sibh	(a)bhios iad
relative future		emphatic	(a)bhitheas mi	(a)bhitheas tu	(a)bhitheas e/i	(a)bhitheas sinn	(a)bhitheas sibh	(a)bhitheas iad
imperative		simple	bitheam	bi	biodh e/i	biomaid	bithibh	biodh iad
imperative		emphatic	bitheam	bi	bitheadh e/i	bitheamaid	bithibh	bitheadh iad
verbal noun			abhith

Impersonal forms can be found atthathar.

Conjugation ofis (highly irregular, defective)

		singular			plural
		first	second	thirdm/f	first	second	third
independent	present	is mi	is tu	is e/i	is sinn	is sibh	is iad
	past	bu mhi	bu tu	b' e/i	bu sinn	bu sibh	b' iad
	conditional	bu mhi	bu tu	b' e/i	bu sinn	bu sibh	b' iad
negative	present	cha mhi	cha tu	chan e/i	cha sinn	cha sibh	chan iad
	past	chabu mhi	chabu tu	chab' e/i	chabu sinn	chabu sibh	chab' iad
	conditional	chabu mhi	chabu tu	chab' e/i	chabu sinn	chabu sibh	chab' iad
affirmative interrogative	present	am mi?	an tu?	an e/i?	an sinn?	an sibh?	an iad?
	past	ambu mhi?	ambu tu?	amb' e/i?	ambu sinn?	ambu sibh?	amb' iad?
	conditional	ambu mhi?	ambu tu?	amb' e/i?	ambu sinn?	ambu sibh?	amb' iad?
Negative interrogative	present	nach mi?	nach tu?	nach e/i?	nach sinn?	nach sibh?	nach iad?
	past	nachbu mhi?	nachbu tu?	nachb' e/i?	nachbu sinn?	nachbu sibh?	nachb' iad?
	conditional	nachbu mhi?	nachbu tu?	nachb' e/i?	nachbu sinn?	nachbu sibh?	nachb' iad?

Conjugation ofthathar (highly irregular, defective, impersonal)

	Present	Past	Future	Conditional
Independent	thathar,thatar,thathas¹	bhathar,bhatar,bhathas¹	bithear,bitear,bitheas¹	bhite(adh),bhithist(e)¹
Negative	chaneilear, chaneileas¹	charobhar, charobhas¹	chabithear, chabitear, chabitheas¹	chabhite(adh), chabhithist(e)¹
Affirmative interrogative	ambeilear? ambeileas?¹ abheilear? abheileas?¹	anrobhar? anrobhas?¹	ambithear? ambiteas?¹	ambite(adh)? ambithist(e)?¹
Negative interrogative	nacheilear? nacheileas?¹	nachrobhar? nachrobhas?¹	nachbithear? nachbitear? nachbitheas?¹	nachbite(adh)? nachbithist(e)?¹

¹ Lewis dialect form

References

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Edward Dwelly (1911), “nach”, inFaclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited,→ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 nach, nách (‘not’)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Mark, Colin (2003), “nach”, inThe Gaelic–English dictionary, London: Routledge,→ISBN, page446

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=nach&oldid=87141774"

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Movatterモバイル変換

German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Usage notes

Inflection

Postposition

Adverb

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Particle

Particle

Related terms

References

Luxembourgish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Conjunction

Usage notes

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

Synonyms

Old Irish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Determiner

Inflection

Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Inflection

References