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massacre

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:massacré

English

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Alternative forms

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massacer(archaic)

Etymology

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1580, fromMiddle Frenchmassacre, fromOld Frenchmacacre, marcacre, macecre, macecle(“slaughterhouse, butchery”), usually thought to be deverbal fromOld Frenchmacecrer,macecler(“to slaughter”), though the noun seems to be attested somewhat earlier. It is also found inMedieval Latinmazacrium(“massacre, slaughter, killing”, also “the head of a newly killed stag”). Further origin disputed:

FromLatinmacellum(“butcher shop”).
FromVulgar Latin *matteuculāre, from *matteuca (cf.massue), fromLate Latinmattea,mattia, from Latinmateola.
FromMiddle Low German*matskelen(“to massacre”) (compareGermanmetzeln(“massacre”)), frequentative ofmatsken, matzgen(“to cut, hew”), fromProto-West Germanic*maitan, fromProto-Germanic*maitaną(“to cut”), fromProto-Indo-European*mei-(“small”). Akin toOld High Germanmeizan(“to cut”) among others.
Note alsoArabicمَجْزَرَة(majzara), originally “spot where animals are slaughtered”, now also “massacre”, and in Maghrebi Arabic “slaughterhouse”. Derived fromجَزَرَ(jazara,“to cut, slaughter”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/
- Audio(US): (file)
Hyphenation:mass‧a‧cre

Noun

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massacre (countable anduncountable,pluralmassacres)

Thekilling of aconsiderablenumber(usually limited to people) wherelittle ornoresistancecan bemade, withindiscriminateviolence, withoutnecessity, and/orcontrary tocivilizednorms.
- c.1588–1593 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene v]:
  I'll find a day tomassacre them all,
  And raze their faction and their family
St. Bartholomew's DayMassacre
St. Valentine's DayMassacre
AmritsarMassacre
(obsolete)Murder.
- c.1593 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,(please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
  The tyrannous and bloody act is done,—
  The most arch deed of piteousmassacre
  That ever yet this land was guilty of.
(figuratively)Any overwhelming defeat, as in agame orsport.

Synonyms

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(mass killing contrary to civilized norms):butchery,slaughter(in the manner of livestock);decimation(strictly an orderly selection of ⅒ of a group for slaughter; see its entry for other terms concerning other ratios)

Hyponyms

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(mass killing contrary to civilized norms):atrocity;war crime;ethnic cleansing

intentional mass killing

Albanian:masakër (sq) f
Arabic:مَذْبَحَة f(maḏbaḥa),مَجْزَرَة f(majzara)
South Levantine Arabic:مَذْبَحَة(mádbaha),مَجْزَرَة(májzara)
Armenian:կոտորած (hy)(kotorac)
Azerbaijani:qətliam,qırğın,qırhaqır
Belarusian:разня́ f(raznjá),бо́йня f(bójnja),разні́ца f(razníca)
Bulgarian:ма́сово кла́не n(másovo kláne),клане́ (bg) n(klané)
Burmese:လူသတ်ပွဲ(lusatpwai:)
Catalan:massacre (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin:大屠殺 /大屠杀 (zh)(dàtúshā),屠殺 /屠杀 (zh)(túshā),慘案 /惨案 (zh)(cǎn'àn)
Czech:masakr (cs) m,pogrom m
Danish:massakre (da) c
Dutch:bloedbad (nl)
Esperanto:amasbuĉado,masakro
Estonian:tapatalg
Finnish:joukkomurha (fi),verilöyly (fi),teurastus (fi)
French:massacre (fr) m
Galician:masacre (gl) m
Georgian:ხოცვა-ჟლეტა(xocva-žleṭa)
German:Massaker (de) n
Greek:σφαγή (el)(sfagí)
Hebrew:טֶבַח (he) m(tévakh)
Hungarian:mészárlás (hu),öldöklés (hu)
Ido:masakro (io)
Indonesian:pembantaian (id)
Italian:strage (it) f
Japanese:大虐殺 (ja)(たいぎゃくさつ, daigyakusatsu),虐殺 (ja)(ぎゃくさつ, gyakusatsu),惨殺 (ja)(ざんさつ, zansatsu),皆殺し(みなごろし, minagoroshi)
Kazakh:қырғын(qyrğyn)
Korean:학살(虐殺) (ko)(haksal),대학살(大虐殺) (ko)(daehaksal)
Latin:trucīdātiō f,strāgēs f
Latvian:slaktiņš m,masveida slepkavība f
Lithuanian:žudynės f pl,skerdynės f pl
Macedonian:ко́леж m(kólež),ко́лење n(kólenje),крвопроле́вање n(krvoprolévanje),маса́кр m(masákr)
Maori:hingahinga,parewhero(in battle),whakapiko,tārukenga
Norman:machacréthie f,machacre m
Norwegian:
Bokmål:massakre (no) m
Occitan:massacre (oc) m
Ottoman Turkish:قان(kan)
Persian:کشتار (fa)(koštâr),قتل عام (fa)(qatl-e âm)
Polish:masakra (pl) f,rzeź (pl) f
Portuguese:massacre (pt) m
Romanian:masacru (ro) n
Russian:резня́ (ru) f(reznjá),бо́йня (ru) f(bójnja),ма́ссовое уби́йство n(mássovoje ubíjstvo)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:маса̀кр m,по̀кољ m,кла́ње n,крвопроли́ће m,сеча f
Roman:masàkr (sh) m,pòkolj (sh) m,klánje (sh) n,krvoprolíće m,seča f
Slovak:masaker m,masakra f
Slovene:pokol (sl) m,masaker m
Spanish:masacre (es) f
Swedish:massaker (sv) c
Tagalog:masaker
Tarifit:tamenɣiwt f
Telugu:ఊచకోత(ūcakōta)
Thai:การสังหารหมู่(gaan-sǎng-hǎan-mùu)
Turkish:katliam (tr)
Ukrainian:різня́ f(riznjá),різани́на f(rizanýna),маса́кра f(masákra),бо́йня (uk) f(bójnja)
Urdu:قتل عام m(qatl-e-'ām)
Uyghur:قىرغىنچىلىق(qirghinchiliq)
Vietnamese:sự tàn sát (vi) (事殘殺)
Welsh:llofruddiaeth (cy),aerfa m,galanas f
Woiwurrung:ull-ull

Verb

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massacre (third-person singular simple presentmassacres,present participlemassacring,simple past and past participlemassacred)

(transitive) Tokill inconsiderablenumbers wherelittle ornoresistancecan bemade, withindiscriminateviolence, withoutnecessity, andcontrary tocivilizednorms.(Often limited to the killing of human beings.)
- 1849–1861,Thomas Babington Macaulay,The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume(please specify |volume=I to V), London:Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans,→OCLC:
  If James should be pleased tomassacre them all, as Maximilian hadmassacred the Theban legion
(transitive, figuratively) Towin against (anopponent) verydecisively.
(transitive, figuratively) Toperform (a work, such as a musical piece or a play) verypoorly.
(transitive, proscribed) To kill with great force or brutality.
- 1972,The Godfather (film)
  Look how theymassacred my boy.

Translations

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to kill in considerable numbers

Arabic:قَتَّلَ (ar)(qattala),ذَبَّحَ(ḏabbaḥa)
Armenian:կոտորել (hy)(kotorel)
Bulgarian:коля (bg)(kolja),избивам (bg)(izbivam)
Catalan:massacrar (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:屠殺 /屠杀 (zh)(túshā)
Czech:masakrovat
Danish:massakrere
Esperanto:amasbuĉi
Finnish:joukkomurhata,teurastaa (fi)
French:massacrer (fr)
Galician:masacrar (gl)
Georgian:ხოცვა-ჟლეტა(xocva-žleṭa),ხოცვა-ჟლეტის მოწყობა(xocva-žleṭis moc̣q̇oba)
German:massakrieren (de)
Ido:masakrar (io)
Indonesian:membantai (id)
Italian:massacrare (it)
Latin:trucīdō
Macedonian:ко́ле(kóle)
Maori:whārona awatea,whakawhārona
Norman:machacrer
Norwegian:massakrere
Occitan:massacrar (oc)
Ottoman Turkish:قیرمق(kırmak)
Polish:wymordować (pl) pf
Portuguese:massacrar (pt)
Romanian:masacra (ro)
Russian:устра́ивать резню́ impf(ustráivatʹ reznjú),устро́ить резню́ pf(ustróitʹ reznjú)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:масакрирати,поклати,поубијати
Roman:masakrirati (sh),poklati (sh),poubijati (sh)
Slovene:poklati
Spanish:masacrar (es)
Thai:สังหารหมู่(sǎng-hǎan-mùu)
Turkish:katletmek (tr)
Vietnamese:tàn sát (vi) (殘殺)

Anagrams

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Marescas,massacer

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchmassacre.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[məˈsa.kɾə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[maˈsa.kɾe]

Noun

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massacre f (pluralmassacres)

massacre

Related terms

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massacrar

French

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ma.sakʁ/

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Frenchmassacre, from the verbmassacrer.

Noun

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massacre m (pluralmassacres)

massacre

Derived terms

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jeu de massacre

Related terms

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massacrer

Descendants

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→ Catalan:massacre
→ Danish:massakre
→ German:Massaker
→ Norwegian Bokmål:massakre
→ Norwegian Nynorsk:massakre
→ Portuguese:massacre
→ Spanish:masacre

Etymology 2

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Verb

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massacre

inflection ofmassacrer:
1. first/third-personsingular presentindicative/subjunctive
2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

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sacrâmes,sarcasme

Middle French

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Etymology

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Of disputed origin:

Most likely fromOld Frenchmacecrer,macecler, fromVulgar Latin*matteuculāre, from*matteuca (cf.massue), fromLate Latinmattia,*mattea, fromLatinmateola.
From a derivative ofLatinmacellum(“butcher shop”), although this is less likely.
FromOld Frenchmacacre, macecle(“slaughterhouse, butchery”), alternatively fromMedieval Latinmazacrium(“massacre, slaughter, killing”, also “the head of a newly killed stag”), fromMiddle Low German*matskelen(“to massacre”) (compareGermanmetzeln(“massacre”)), frequentative ofmatsken, matzgen(“to cut, hew”), fromProto-West Germanic*maitan, fromProto-Germanic*maitaną(“to cut”), fromProto-Indo-European*mei-(“small”). Akin toOld High Germanmeizan(“to cut”) among others.