Movatterモバイル変換

(Hinduism, Sikhism) Abead or a set of beads commonly used byHindus andBuddhists for keeping count whilereciting,chanting, ormentally repeating amantra or the name or names of adeity.
Synonym:japamala
- 2021,Ruth Ozeki,The Book of Form and Emptiness, Canongate Books (2022), page413:
  His words were like beads on the string of amala, escaping his lips in small puffs of air.

Etymology 4

[edit]

From Western Desert Language, asPitjantjatjaramala.

Noun

[edit]

mala (pluralmalas)

A species ofhare-wallaby,Lagorchestes hirsutus, ofarid Australia.

Etymology 5

[edit]

Borrowed fromMandarin麻辣(málà)

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /ˈmɑːlɑː/
(General American)IPA^(key): /ˈmɑlɑ/
enPR:mä′lä′
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala (uncountable)

Aseasoning made fromSichuan pepper andchilis.

References

[edit]

“mala”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
“mala”, inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

Anagrams

[edit]

amla,ALMA,alma,laam,lama,Amal,Alam,Alma,Lama,LAMA

Asturian

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

mala

feminine singular ofmalu

Azerbaijani

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromPersianماله.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Audio: (file)

Noun

[edit]

mala (definite accusativemalanı,pluralmalalar)

stucco,plaster
Synonym:suvaq
plasterer's/mason'strowel
Synonyms:kəmçə,malakeş
harrow
Synonym:dırmıq

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofmala
	singular	plural
nominative	mala	malalar
definite accusative	malanı	malaları
dative	malaya	malalara
locative	malada	malalarda
ablative	maladan	malalardan
definite genitive	malanın	malaların

Possessive forms ofmala
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malam	malalarım
sənin(“your”)	malan	malaların
onun(“his/her/its”)	malası	malaları
bizim(“our”)	malamız	malalarımız
sizin(“your”)	malanız	malalarınız
onların(“their”)	malası ormalaları	malaları

	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malamı	malalarımı
sənin(“your”)	malanı	malalarını
onun(“his/her/its”)	malasını	malalarını
bizim(“our”)	malamızı	malalarımızı
sizin(“your”)	malanızı	malalarınızı
onların(“their”)	malasını ormalalarını	malalarını

	dative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malama	malalarıma
sənin(“your”)	malana	malalarına
onun(“his/her/its”)	malasına	malalarına
bizim(“our”)	malamıza	malalarımıza
sizin(“your”)	malanıza	malalarınıza
onların(“their”)	malasına ormalalarına	malalarına

	locative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malamda	malalarımda
sənin(“your”)	malanda	malalarında
onun(“his/her/its”)	malasında	malalarında
bizim(“our”)	malamızda	malalarımızda
sizin(“your”)	malanızda	malalarınızda
onların(“their”)	malasında ormalalarında	malalarında

	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malamdan	malalarımdan
sənin(“your”)	malandan	malalarından
onun(“his/her/its”)	malasından	malalarından
bizim(“our”)	malamızdan	malalarımızdan
sizin(“your”)	malanızdan	malalarınızdan
onların(“their”)	malasından ormalalarından	malalarından

	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	malamın	malalarımın
sənin(“your”)	malanın	malalarının
onun(“his/her/its”)	malasının	malalarının
bizim(“our”)	malamızın	malalarımızın
sizin(“your”)	malanızın	malalarınızın
onların(“their”)	malasının ormalalarının	malalarının

Derived terms

[edit]

Breton

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Bretonmalaff, fromOld Bretonmaletic, fromProto-Brythonic*malɨd, fromProto-Celtic*meleti.

Verb

[edit]

mala

togrind

Catalan

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[ˈma.lə]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[ˈma.la]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Adjective

[edit]

mala f sg

feminine singular ofmal

Cebuano

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*maja, compareCentral Bikolmara,Yogadmaga andTetummaran.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hyphenation:ma‧la
IPA^(key): /maˈla/ [mɐˈl̪a]

Adjective

[edit]

malá (Badlit spellingᜋᜎ)

dry
Synonym:uga

East Futuna

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*malaŋ.

Noun

[edit]

mala

Esperanto

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

mal- +‎-a

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmala/
Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Rhymes:-ala
Syllabification:ma‧la

Adjective

[edit]

mala (accusative singularmalan,pluralmalaj,accusative pluralmalajn)

opposite

Faroese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsemala, fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

Verb

[edit]

mala (third person singular past indicativemól,third person plural past indicativemólu,supinemalið)

togrind

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation ofmala(group v-58)
	present	past
infinitive	mala
supine	malið

first singular	mali	mól
second singular	melur	mól(st)
third singular	melur	mól
plural	mala	mólu

participle (a26)¹	malandi	malin

	imperative
singular	mal!
plural	malið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Finnish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromEnglishmala, fromMartu Wangkamala.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmɑlɑ/,[ˈmɑ̝lɑ̝]
Rhymes:-ɑlɑ
Syllabification^(key):ma‧la
Hyphenation^(key):ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala

hare-wallaby(wallaby of the genusLagorchestes)
rufous hare-wallaby,Lagorchestes hirsutus

Declension

[edit]

Inflection ofmala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		mala	malat
genitive		malan	malojen
partitive		malaa	maloja
illative		malaan	maloihin
		singular	plural
nominative		mala	malat
accusative	nom.	mala	malat
accusative	gen.	malan	malat
genitive		malan	malojen malain^rare
partitive		malaa	maloja
inessive		malassa	maloissa
elative		malasta	maloista
illative		malaan	maloihin
adessive		malalla	maloilla
ablative		malalta	maloilta
allative		malalle	maloille
essive		malana	maloina
translative		malaksi	maloiksi
abessive		malatta	maloitta
instructive		—	maloin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms ofmala(Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		malani	malani
accusative	nom.	malani	malani
accusative	gen.	malani	malani
genitive		malani	malojeni malaini^rare
partitive		malaani	malojani
inessive		malassani	maloissani
elative		malastani	maloistani
illative		malaani	maloihini
adessive		malallani	maloillani
ablative		malaltani	maloiltani
allative		malalleni	maloilleni
essive		malanani	maloinani
translative		malakseni	maloikseni
abessive		malattani	maloittani
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	maloineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		malasi	malasi
accusative	nom.	malasi	malasi
accusative	gen.	malasi	malasi
genitive		malasi	malojesi malaisi^rare
partitive		malaasi	malojasi
inessive		malassasi	maloissasi
elative		malastasi	maloistasi
illative		malaasi	maloihisi
adessive		malallasi	maloillasi
ablative		malaltasi	maloiltasi
allative		malallesi	maloillesi
essive		malanasi	maloinasi
translative		malaksesi	maloiksesi
abessive		malattasi	maloittasi
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	maloinesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		malamme	malamme
accusative	nom.	malamme	malamme
accusative	gen.	malamme	malamme
genitive		malamme	malojemme malaimme^rare
partitive		malaamme	malojamme
inessive		malassamme	maloissamme
elative		malastamme	maloistamme
illative		malaamme	maloihimme
adessive		malallamme	maloillamme
ablative		malaltamme	maloiltamme
allative		malallemme	maloillemme
essive		malanamme	maloinamme
translative		malaksemme	maloiksemme
abessive		malattamme	maloittamme
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	maloinemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		malanne	malanne
accusative	nom.	malanne	malanne
accusative	gen.	malanne	malanne
genitive		malanne	malojenne malainne^rare
partitive		malaanne	malojanne
inessive		malassanne	maloissanne
elative		malastanne	maloistanne
illative		malaanne	maloihinne
adessive		malallanne	maloillanne
ablative		malaltanne	maloiltanne
allative		malallenne	maloillenne
essive		malananne	maloinanne
translative		malaksenne	maloiksenne
abessive		malattanne	maloittanne
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	maloinenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		malansa	malansa
accusative	nom.	malansa	malansa
accusative	gen.	malansa	malansa
genitive		malansa	malojensa malainsa^rare
partitive		malaansa	malojaan malojansa
inessive		malassaan malassansa	maloissaan maloissansa
elative		malastaan malastansa	maloistaan maloistansa
illative		malaansa	maloihinsa
adessive		malallaan malallansa	maloillaan maloillansa
ablative		malaltaan malaltansa	maloiltaan maloiltansa
allative		malalleen malallensa	maloilleen maloillensa
essive		malanaan malanansa	maloinaan maloinansa
translative		malakseen malaksensa	maloikseen maloiksensa
abessive		malattaan malattansa	maloittaan maloittansa
instructive		—	—
comitative		—	maloineen maloinensa

Synonyms

[edit]

(hare-wallaby):jäniskenguru(dated)
(rufous hare-wallaby):lännenjäniskenguru(dated)

Derived terms

[edit]

compounds

Galician

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

mala

feminine singular ofmalo

Garo

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

mala

tocrawl

Hawaiian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈma.la/,[ˈmɐ.lə]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*malaŋ.

Verb

[edit]

mala

(intransitive)bruised
aching(as after unaccustomed exercise)
stiff andsore

Derived terms

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mara.

Verb

[edit]

mala

(stative)sour(as fermented sweet potatoes)
(stative)insipid

References

[edit]

Pukui, Mary Kawena; Elbert, Samuel H. (1986), “mala”, inHawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,→ISBN

Icelandic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsemala, fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmaːla/
Rhymes:-aːla

Verb

[edit]

mala (weak verb,third-person singular past indicativemalaði,supinemalað)

togrind
Synonyms:mylja,steyta
Hættu aðmalakornið!
Stopgrinding thecorn!
topurr
Oo,hlustiði á köttinnmala.
Oh,listen to thecatpurr.
toblabber,babble,talk
Synonyms:babla,masa,þvæla,blaðra
Hann hættir bara ekki aðmala.
He just won't stopbabbling!

Conjugation

[edit]

*mala* – active voice(*germynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitivenafnháttur		aðmala
supinesagnbót		malað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		malandi

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	mala	malaði	mali	malaði
	þú	malar	malaðir	malir	malaðir
	hann, hún, það	malar	malaði	mali	malaði
plural	við	mölum	möluðum	mölum	möluðum
	þið	malið	möluðuð	malið	möluðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	mala	möluðu	mali	möluðu

		imperativeboðháttur
singular	þú	mala (þú),malaðu
plural	þið	malið (þið),maliði¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*malast* – mediopassive voice(*miðmynd*)
		present nútíð	past þátíð	present nútíð	past þátíð
infinitivenafnháttur		aðmalast
supinesagnbót		malast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		malandist(rare; seeappendix)

		indicative framsöguháttur		subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
singular	ég	malast	malaðist	malist	malaðist
	þú	malast	malaðist	malist	malaðist
	hann, hún, það	malast	malaðist	malist	malaðist
plural	við	mölumst	möluðumst	mölumst	möluðumst
	þið	malist	möluðust	malist	möluðust
	þeir, þær, þau	malast	möluðust	malist	möluðust

		imperativeboðháttur
singular	þú	malast (þú),malastu
plural	þið	malist (þið),malisti¹

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

*malaður* — past participle(lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular(eintala)			plural(fleirtala)
strong declension (sterk beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	malaður	möluð	malað	malaðir	malaðar	möluð
accusative (þolfall)	malaðan	malaða	malað	malaða	malaðar	möluð
dative (þágufall)	möluðum	malaðri	möluðu	möluðum	möluðum	möluðum
genitive (eignarfall)	malaðs	malaðrar	malaðs	malaðra	malaðra	malaðra

weak declension (veik beyging)	singular(eintala)			plural(fleirtala)
weak declension (veik beyging)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	malaði	malaða	malaða	möluðu	möluðu	möluðu
accusative (þolfall)	malaða	möluðu	malaða	möluðu	möluðu	möluðu
dative (þágufall)	malaða	möluðu	malaða	möluðu	möluðu	möluðu
genitive (eignarfall)	malaða	möluðu	malaða	möluðu	möluðu	möluðu

Derived terms

[edit]

Ido

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

mala

Antonyms

[edit]

bona

Derived terms

[edit]

maleso

Indonesian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMalaymala, fromClassical Malaymala, fromPalimala, fromSanskritमल(mala).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [mala]
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Adjective

[edit]

mala

(obsolete)dirty,impurity
(dated)withered,faded
Synonyms:layu,merana

Noun

[edit]

mala

(dated)disease
Synonym:penyakit
(dated, poetic or formal)disaster
Synonyms:bahala,bahaya,bencana,cobaan,dakiat,keapesan,kecelakaan,kegagalan,kemaharan,kemalangan,kemudaratan,kerugian,kesialan,malapetaka,mara

Irish

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

malaidh,malaigh,malainn

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Irishmala, fromProto-Celtic*malaxs, fromProto-Indo-European*ml̥Hdʰo-, shared withBretonmalvenn,Old Englishmolda(“forehead”),Ancient Greekβλωθρός(blōthrós,“lofty”),Avestan𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬋(ka-mər^əδō,“demon's head”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Munster)IPA^(key): /ˈmˠɑl̪ˠə/
(Connacht)IPA^(key): /ˈmˠalˠə/,/ˈmˠal̪ˠə/
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /ˈmˠɔlˠi/,/ˈmˠɔl̪ˠi/^[1](as if spelledmolaidh)

Noun

[edit]

mala f (genitive singularmala,nominative pluralmalaí)

eyebrow
brow(projecting upper edge of a steep place such as a hill)
slope,incline

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofmala (fourth declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	mala	malaí
vocative	amhala	amhalaí
genitive	mala	malaí
dative	mala	malaí

forms with thedefinite article
	singular	plural
nominative	anmhala	namalaí
genitive	namala	namalaí
dative	leis anmala donmhala	leis namalaí

Derived terms

[edit]

mala púiceach(“beetle brow”)

Mutation

[edit]

Mutated forms ofmala
radical	lenition	eclipsis
mala	mhala	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]

^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page46

Italian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈma.la/
Rhymes:-ala
Hyphenation:mà‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala f (pluralmale)

underworld,gangland

Anagrams

[edit]

alma,lama

Javanese

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

mala

romanization ofꦩꦭ

Kashubian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Deverbal frommalowac. CompareMasovian Polishmala.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈma.la/
Rhymes:-ala
Syllabification:ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala f

(Canada)paint

Latin

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Italic*smakslā, fromProto-Indo-European*smeḱ-(“beard”) as*smḱ-(“beard”) +‎*-sleh₂-; cognate withSanskritश्मश्रु(śmaśru,“beard”)).

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.ɫa]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.la]

Noun

[edit]

māla f (genitivemālae);first declension

(anatomy) thecheekbone,jaw
(transferred sense, chiefly in theplural) acheek
- c. 190BCE – 185BCE,Plautus,Amphitryon443–445:
  Tam consimile'st atque ego: sūra, pēs, statūra, tōnsus, oculī, nāsus, vel labra,mālae, mentum, barba, collum - tōtus!
  He's so similar to me: his calves, feet, height, haircut, eyes, nose, lips,cheeks, chin, beard, neck - all of it!

Inflection

[edit]

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	māla	mālae
genitive	mālae	mālārum
dative	mālae	mālīs
accusative	mālam	mālās
ablative	mālā	mālīs
vocative	māla	mālae

Derived terms

[edit]

mālāris(adjective)
māxilla(diminutive)

Descendants

[edit]

→ English:mala,⇒malar

References

[edit]

“mala”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“mala”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891),An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “mala”, inA Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at theInternet Archive
"mala", in Charles du Fresne du Cange,Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
“mala”, inGaffiot, Félix (1934),Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894),Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London:Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune:in malis iacere
- (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune:malis urgeri
- (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of:bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
- (ambiguous) moral science; ethics:philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
- (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part:in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
- (ambiguous) a guilty conscience:conscientia mala orpeccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
- (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse:conscientia mala angi, excruciari
- (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person:precari alicui bene (male) oromnia bona (mala), salutem
- (ambiguous) from beginning to end:ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
“mala”, inWilliam Smith, editor (1854, 1857),A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowing fromFrankish*malha(“leather bag”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈma.ɫa]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.la]

Noun

[edit]

mala f (genitivemalae);first declension

abundle,bag

This entry needsquotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting,durably archived quotes, then please add them!

Inflection

[edit]

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	mala	malae
genitive	malae	malārum
dative	malae	malīs
accusative	malam	malās
ablative	malā	malīs
vocative	mala	malae

Descendants

[edit]

Old French:male,malle
- Anglo-Norman:male
  - → Middle English:male
    - English:mail
    - Scots:mail
  - →? Irish:mála(or perhaps via English)
- Middle French:malle
  - → Catalan:mala
  - French:malle
  - → Portuguese:mala
  - → Spanish:mala
- Gallo:mol
- Walloon:male(Forrières)

Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Pronunciation

[edit]

mala:
- (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈma.ɫa]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.la]
malā:
- (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈma.ɫaː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.la]

Adjective

[edit]

mala

inflection ofmalus:
1. nominative/vocative/ablativefeminine singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocativeneuter plural

Etymology 4

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈma.ɫa]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈmaː.la]

Noun

[edit]

mala n

nominative/accusative/vocative plural ofmalum

Latvian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Indo-European*ml̥Hdʰo-, see alsoBretonmalvenn,Old Englishmolda(“forehead”),Ancient Greekβλωθρός(blōthrós,“lofty”),Avestan𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬋(ka-mər^əδō,“demon's head”).

(Canthis⁽⁺⁾ etymology besourced?)

Noun

[edit]

mala f (4th declension)

edge,shore

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofmala (4th)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative	mala	malas
genitive	malas	malu
dative	malai	malām
accusative	malu	malas
instrumental	malu	malām
locative	malā	malās
vocative	mala	malas

Derived terms

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

mala

third-personsingular/pluralpresent indicative ofmalt

Lithuanian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈmä̌ːlɐ]

Verb

[edit]

mãla

third-person singular present ofmalti
third-person plural present ofmalti

Lovono

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mala

References

[edit]

Alexandre François,The languages of Vanikoro: three lexicons and one grammar

Malay

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromSanskritमल(mala).

Adjective

[edit]

mala (Jawi spellingمالا,comparativelebih mala,superlativepaling mala)

(obsolete)dirty,impure
Synonyms:kotor,cemar
(dated)withered,faded
Synonyms:layu,merana

Noun

[edit]

mala (Jawi spellingمالا,uncountable)

(literary)fault,flaw
Synonyms:cela,cacat,noda
(dated, literary)disease
Synonym:penyakit
(dated)disaster
Synonyms:bahala,bahaya,bencana,cubaan,kecelakaan,kegagalan,kemalangan,kemudaratan,kerugian,kesialan,malapetaka,mara

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Edi Sedyawati; Ellya Iswati; Kusparyati Boedhijono; Dyah Widjajanti D. (1994),Kosakata Bahasa Sanskerta dalam Bahasa Melayu Masa Kini, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia,→ISBN, page110
Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “مال mala”, inMaleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page127
Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “مال mala”, inA Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page636
Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “mala”, inA Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page94

Margi

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mala

woman

References

[edit]

Carl Hoffmann,A grammar of the Margi language (1963)

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

male

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /²mɑːlɑ/

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Norsemala, fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

Verb

[edit]

mala (present tensemel,past tensemol,supinemale,past participlemalen,present participlemalande,imperativemal)

(transitive) togrind
(intransitive) to make a grindingsound, e.g. topurr (of a cat)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

mala (present tensemalar,past tensemala,past participlemala,passive infinitivemalast,present participlemalande,imperativemala/mal)

(pre-2012)alternative form ofmåla, topaint

References

[edit]

“mala” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Javanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromSanskritमल(mala).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ma.la/
Rhymes:-la
Homophone:mālā
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Javanese:ꦩꦭ(mala)

Old Norse

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Germanic*malaną, whence alsoOld Saxonmalan,Old High Germanmalan,Gothic𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽(malan).

Verb

[edit]

mala (singular past indicativemól,plural past indicativemólu,past participlemalinn)

togrind
to make a grinding sound, e.g. topurr (of a cat)

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation ofmala — active (strong class 6)
	present	past	present	past
infinitive	mala
present participle	malandi
past participle	malinn

	indicative		subjunctive
1st person singular	mel	mól	mala	mǿla
2nd person singular	melr	mólt	malir	mǿlir
3rd person singular	melr	mól	mali	mǿli
1st person plural	mǫlum	mólum	malim	mǿlim
2nd person plural	malið	móluð	malið	mǿlið
3rd person plural	mala	mólu	mali	mǿli

imperative	present
2nd person singular	mal
1st person plural	mǫlum
2nd person plural	malið

Conjugation ofmala — mediopassive (strong class 6)
	present	past	present	past
infinitive	malask
present participle	malandisk
past participle	malizk

	indicative		subjunctive
1st person singular	mǫlumk	mólumk	mǫlumk	mǿlumk
2nd person singular	melsk	mólzk	malisk	mǿlisk
3rd person singular	melsk	mólsk	malisk	mǿlisk
1st person plural	mǫlumsk	mólumsk	malimsk	mǿlimsk
2nd person plural	malizk	móluzk	malizk	mǿlizk
3rd person plural	malask	mólusk	malisk	mǿlisk

imperative	present
2nd person singular	malsk
1st person plural	mǫlumsk
2nd person plural	malizk

Descendants

[edit]

Icelandic:mala
Faroese:mala
Norwegian:male
Old Swedish:mala
- Swedish:mala
Danish:male

Old Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsemala, fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

Verb

[edit]

mala

togrind

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation ofmala (strong)
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	present			past
infinitive	mala			—
participle	malandi,malande			malin
iæk	mal	mali,male	—	mōl	mōli,mōle
þū	mal	mali,male	mal	mōlt	mōli,mōle
han	mal	mali,male	—	mōl	mōli,mōle
vīr	malum,malom	malum,malom	malum,malom	mōlum,mōlom	mōlum,mōlom
īr	malin	malin	malin	mōlin	mōlin
þēr	mala	malin	—	mōlu,mōlo	mōlin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	mals	malis,males	—	mōls	mōlis,mōles
þū	mals	malis,males	—	mōlts	mōlis,mōles
han	mals	malis,males	—	mōls	mōlis,mōles
vīr	malums,-oms	malums,maloms	—	mōlums,mōloms	mōlums,mōloms
īr	malins	malins	—	mōlins	mōlins
þēr	malas	malins	—	mōlus,mōlos	mōlins

Descendants

[edit]

Swedish:mala

Pali

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Alternative scripts

𑀫𑀮(Brahmi script)
मल(Devanagari script)
মল(Bengali script)
මල(Sinhalese script)
မလ(Burmese script)
มล orมะละ(Thai script)
ᨾᩃ(Tai Tham script)
ມລ orມະລະ(Lao script)
មល(Khmer script)
𑄟𑄣(Chakma script)

Etymology

[edit]

Related toSanskritमल(mala).

Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

[edit]

mala n

Declension

[edit]

Declension table of "mala" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	malaṃ	malāni
Accusative (second)	malaṃ	malāni
Instrumental (third)	malena	malehiormalebhi
Dative (fourth)	malassaormalāyaormalatthaṃ	malānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	malasmāormalamhāormalā	malehiormalebhi
Genitive (sixth)	malassa	malānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	malasmiṃormalamhiormale	malesu
Vocative (calling)	mala	malāni

Pitjantjatjara

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈmɐlɐ]

Noun

[edit]

mala

rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus)

References

[edit]

Paul A. Eckert (2007),Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Picture Dictionary‎^[5], IAD Press,→ISBN

Polish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Deverbal frommalować. CompareKashubianmala.

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Masovia):
- (Near Masovian)IPA^(key): [ˈma.la]

Noun

[edit]

mala f

(Near Masovian, Garwolin County)synonym offarba

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchmalle(“large suitcase; trunk”), fromMiddle Frenchmalle, fromOld Frenchmale(“leather bag, leather or wooden travel-case”), fromFrankish*malha(“leather bag”), fromProto-Germanic*malhō(“leather bag”), fromProto-Indo-European*molko-(“leather bag”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈma.lɐ/

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈma.lɐ/
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /ˈma.la/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ˈma.lɐ/

Audio(Portugal (Porto)): (file)
Rhymes:-alɐ
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala f (pluralmalas)

suitcase
(travel)luggage
(automotive)boot,trunk
(chiefly Portugal)handbag
Synonyms:bolsa,maleta,saco

Noun

[edit]

mala m or f by sense (pluralmalas)

(Brazil, idiomatic) anirritating person

References

[edit]

“mala”, inDicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
“mala”, inDicionário infopédia da Lingua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026
“mala”, inDicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Pukapukan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*malaŋ.

Verb

[edit]

mala

(stative) beunlucky,unfortunate
to havebad luck

Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Ottoman Turkishماله(mala), fromPersianماله(mâle).

Noun

[edit]

mala f (pluralmalale)

trowel

Declension

[edit]

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	mala	malaua	malale	malalele
genitive-dative	malale	malalei	malale	malalelor
vocative	mala		malalelor

Samoan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*malaŋ.

Noun

[edit]

mala

calamity

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Irishmala, fromProto-Celtic*malax, fromProto-Indo-European*ml̥Hdʰo-, see alsoBretonmalvenn,Old Englishmolda(“forehead”),Ancient Greekβλωθρός(blōthrós,“lofty”),Avestan𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬋(ka-mər^əδō,“demon's head”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmãl̪ˠə/,[ˈmɑ̃l̪ˠə]^[1]

Noun

[edit]

mala f (genitive singularmala,pluralmalaicheanormalaidhean)

brow
1. (anatomy)eyebrow
2. (geography, of hill) brow;slope,incline

Usage notes

[edit]

The plural ismailghean in Argyll.

Mutation

[edit]

Mutation ofmala
radical	lenition
mala	mhala

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]

^Oftedal, M. (1956),A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

mala (Cyrillic spellingмала)

inflection ofmal:

Sicilian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatinmalus.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈma.la/
Hyphenation:mà‧la

Adjective

[edit]

mala f sg

feminine singular ofmalu;bad

Slovak

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /mala/,[ˈmala]
Rhymes:-ala
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Participle

[edit]

mala

feminine singular l-participle ofmať

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈmala/[ˈma.la]
Rhymes:-ala
Syllabification:ma‧la

Etymology 1

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

[edit]

mala f (pluralmalas)

female equivalent ofmalo

Adjective

[edit]

mala f

feminine singular ofmalo

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mala f (pluralmalas)

suitcase
Synonyms:maleta,valija
mailbag
Synonyms:saca de correos,saca postal,valija
mail,post
Synonym:correo

Swedish

[edit]

**malen**svartpeppar [**ground** black pepper] (sense 1)

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Swedishmala, fromOld Norsemala, fromProto-Germanic*malaną.

Verb

[edit]

mala (presentmal,preteritemalde,supinemalt,imperativemal)

togrind (crush into small particles)
(sometimes withpå) to speakceaselessly,usually about one single subject
to go onincessantly (more generally, of thoughts, pain, or the like)

Usage notes

[edit]

An alternative form for the present tense ismaler, and an alternative form for the past participle (which is only used in the sense of grinding) ismalen.

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation ofmala (weak)
	active		passive
infinitive	mala		malas
supine	malt		malts
imperative	mal		—
imper. plural¹	malen		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	mal	malde	mals,males	maldes
ind. plural¹	mala	malde	malas	maldes
subjunctive²	male	malde	males	maldes

present participle		malande
past participle		malen,mald

¹ Archaic.² Dated. Seethe appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

[edit]

finmalen(“finely ground”)
grovmalen(“coarsely ground”)
varken hackat eller malet

Related terms

[edit]

malström

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Alma,lama

Tokelauan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala. Cognates includeHawaiianmala andSamoanmala.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [ˈma.la]
Hyphenation:ma‧la

Noun

[edit]

mala

Verb

[edit]

mala

(stative) to beunlucky
(intransitive) tobring bad luck

Tongan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Polynesian*mala, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*malaŋ.

Noun

[edit]

mala

Turkish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited fromOttoman Turkishماله(mala), itself fromPersianماله(mâle,“trowel”).

Noun

[edit]

mala (definite accusativemalayı,pluralmalalar)

trowel, aplasterer'stool used in spreading and dressingmortar

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofmala

	singular	plural
nominative	mala	malalar
definite accusative	malayı	malaları
dative	malaya	malalara
locative	malada	malalarda
ablative	maladan	malalardan
genitive	malanın	malaların

Possessive forms
nominative
	singular	plural
1st singular	malam	malalarım
2nd singular	malan	malaların
3rd singular	malası	malaları
1st plural	malamız	malalarımız
2nd plural	malanız	malalarınız
3rd plural	malaları	malaları
definite accusative
	singular	plural
1st singular	malamı	malalarımı
2nd singular	malanı	malalarını
3rd singular	malasını	malalarını
1st plural	malamızı	malalarımızı
2nd plural	malanızı	malalarınızı
3rd plural	malalarını	malalarını
dative
	singular	plural
1st singular	malama	malalarıma
2nd singular	malana	malalarına
3rd singular	malasına	malalarına
1st plural	malamıza	malalarımıza
2nd plural	malanıza	malalarınıza
3rd plural	malalarına	malalarına
locative
	singular	plural
1st singular	malamda	malalarımda
2nd singular	malanda	malalarında
3rd singular	malasında	malalarında
1st plural	malamızda	malalarımızda
2nd plural	malanızda	malalarınızda
3rd plural	malalarında	malalarında
ablative
	singular	plural
1st singular	malamdan	malalarımdan
2nd singular	malandan	malalarından
3rd singular	malasından	malalarından
1st plural	malamızdan	malalarımızdan
2nd plural	malanızdan	malalarınızdan
3rd plural	malalarından	malalarından
genitive
	singular	plural
1st singular	malamın	malalarımın
2nd singular	malanın	malalarının
3rd singular	malasının	malalarının
1st plural	malamızın	malalarımızın
2nd plural	malanızın	malalarınızın
3rd plural	malalarının	malalarının