Movatterモバイル変換

Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007), “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, inOceanic Linguistics, volume46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R., &Gray, R.D. (2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Asturian

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*illu, fromLatinillum, accusative ofille. CompareSpanishlo.

Pronoun

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lu,laf,lon

Third-person singular direct object;him,it

Bakung

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Smith, A. (2017),The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa

Basque

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Etymology

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Unknown. Potentially compareIberianlu(“deep”)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/[lu]
Rhymes:-u
Hyphenation:lu

Noun

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lu inan

pussy,vagina

Declension

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Declension oflu(inan V-stem)
	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	lu	lua	luak	luok
ergative	luk	luak	luek	luok
dative	luri	luari	luei	luoi
genitive	luren	luaren	luen	luon
comitative	lurekin	luarekin	luekin	luokin
causative	lurengatik	luarengatik	luengatik	luongatik
benefactive	lurentzat	luarentzat	luentzat	luontzat
instrumental	luz	luaz	luez	luotaz
innesive	lutan	luan	luetan	luotan
locative	lutako	luko	luetako	luotako
allative	lutara	lura	luetara	luotara
terminative	lutaraino	luraino	luetaraino	luotaraino
directive	lutarantz	lurantz	luetarantz	luotarantz
destinative	lutarako	lurako	luetarako	luotarako
ablative	lutatik	lutik	luetatik	luotatik
partitive	lurik	—	—	—
prolative	lutzat	—	—	—

Betawi

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Alternative forms

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elu (extended form)
eluh (extended form)
lo
luh

Etymology

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Borrowed fromHokkien汝(lú,“you”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/
- Audio: (file)
IPA^(key): /luh/
IPA^(key): /əˈlu/(extended form)
- Audio: (file)
IPA^(key): /əˈluh/(extended form)
Hyphenation:lu

Pronoun

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you(personal pronoun)
you(direct object of a verb)
you(object of a preposition)
you(indirect object of a verb)
your(belonging to me)

Usage notes

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Used mainly in acommon situation, especially between friends or by someone older in terms of speaking to a younger person. As for the usage by a younger person speaking with an older person, there is no agreement whether it is appropriate to do so or not: some would regard it as inappropriate, some other would not. Grijns (1991) noted that some Batavians use this pronoun when speaking to God.

Synonyms

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énté

References

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Grijns, C.D. (1991),Jakarta Malay, volume 2, Leiden: KITLV Press, page122.

Chinese

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For pronunciation and definitions ofl u – see嚕 (“Cantonese particle”).
(This term is a variant form of嚕).

Cornish

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Etymology

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FromOld Cornishluu, fromProto-Brythonic*llʉɣ, fromProto-Celtic*slougos.

Noun

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lu m (pluralluyow)

army,troop,fleet

Corsican

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Etymology

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FromLatinille(“that”), fromOld Latinolle(“that”). Cognates includeItalianlo(“him”),il(“the”) andFrenchle(“the, him”).

Article

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archaic form ofu

Pronoun

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archaic form ofu

References

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“lu” inINFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa
“u, lu” inINFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish

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Verb

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imperative oflue

French

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ly/
Audio(France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)): (file)
Audio(France (Vosges)): (file)
Audio(France (Vosges)): (file)
Homophones:lue,lues,lus,lut,lût

Participle

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lu (femininelue,masculine plurallus,feminine plurallues)

past participle oflire

Friulian

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Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*illu, fromLatinillum. CompareItalianlo.

Pronoun

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lu (third person masculine direct object)

Related terms

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Hausa

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lûː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa)IPA^(key): [lûː]

Ideophone

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lû

swinging motion

Iberian

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	If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove`{{rfv}}` until the request has been resolved.

Etymology

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Unknown. Possibly compareBasquelu(“vagina”)

Adjective

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deep
tekeŕlu keś ir
Adeep votive action

References

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Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Ido

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Etymology

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Back-formation fromilu(“he, him”),elu(“she, her”) andolu(“it”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/

Pronoun

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lu (pluralli)

Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender;he/him,she/her,it orthat
Me ne savas kalu es viro o muliero.
I don't know ifhe/she is a man or a woman.

Usage notes

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Lu is widely used in Ido, and not exclusively when a gendered possessive determiner is inappropriate, but also in order to avoid repetition depending on the user's preferences.

Derived terms

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li(“they, them”)
lua

Related terms

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ilu(“he, him”)(masculine)
elu(“she, her”)(feminine)
olu(“it”)(neuter)

Personal pronouns inIdo
	singular	plural
nominative	possessive	nominative	possessive
singular	plural	singular	plural
first person	me	mea	mei	ni	nia	nii
second person	formal	vu	vua	vui	vi	via	vii
familiar	tu	tua	tui
third person	masculine	ilu,il	ilua	ilui	ili	ilia	ilii
feminine	elu,el	elua	elui	eli	elia	elii
neuter	olu,ol	olua	olui	oli	olia	olii
common	lu	lua	lui	li	lia	lii
reflexive	su	sua	sui	su	sua	sui
indefinite	onu,on	onua	onui	onu,on	onua	onui

Indonesian

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Etymology

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FromHokkien汝(lú), either directly or viaBetawilu(“you”).Doublet oflo.

Pronunciation

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(Standard Indonesian)IPA^(key): /ˈlu/[ˈlu]
Rhymes:-u
Syllabification:lu

Pronoun

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(chiefly Jakarta, slang)Second-person singular pronoun:you,your,yours

Synonyms

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Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:

anta(informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
antum(informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
coen(slang, East Java)
ente(informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
kamu(intimate)
ko,kowe(informal, Java)
kon,koen(colloquial, East Java)
lu,lo,loe,elu(informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
mika,mike(informal, Eastern Sumatra)

Iranun

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*luheq.

Noun

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tear

Japanese

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Romanization

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Rōmaji transcription ofる゚
Rōmaji transcription ofル゚

Jingpho

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromBurmeseလှူ(hlu).

Verb

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tooffer
todonate

References

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Kurabe, Keita (31 December 2016), “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, inKyoto University Linguistic Research‎^[2], volume35,→DOI,→ISSN, pages91–128

Kapampangan

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Etymology

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FromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*si-ida, fromProto-Austronesian*(si-)ida. CompareKapampanganla.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈilu/ [ˈiː.lu]
Hyphenation:í‧lu

Pronoun

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they(third person plural)
Synonym:(preposed)ilu

Derived terms

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Kapampangan personal pronouns
	absolute	ergative	oblique
disjunctive	enclitic
first person	singular	aku/i aku/yaku	ku	kanaku
plural inclusive	ikatamu	katamu/tamu	tamu/ta	kekatamu
plural exclusive	ikami,ike	kami/ke	mi	kekami/keke
second person	singular	ika	ka	mu	keka
plural	ikayu/iko	kayu/ko	yu	kekayu/keko
third person	singular	iya/ya	ya	na	keya/kaya
plural	ila	la	da/ra	karela

Linngithigh

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Pronoun

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he/she/it (third-person singular nominative pronoun)

Person	Number (and clusivity)	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Dative
First	Singular	ayong	ninh	thom	thon
Dual inclusive	linggay	linh	linam	lingg
Non-singular exclusive	nan	nanh	nanam	nangg
Plural inclusive	puy	punh	punam	pungg
Second	Singular	tru	nanh	kom	kon
Dual	poy	ponh	ponam	pongg
Plural	irae	iraenh	iraenam	iraengg
Third	Singular	lu	ngonh	ngom	ngon
Dual	lawuy	lawunh/lanh	lawunam	lawungg
Plural	'ar	'anh	'anam	'angg

Lutuv

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*law, fromProto-Tibeto-Burman*low.^[1]

Noun

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farm,field^[2]
Lu ca ina thlu pa.
He tills thefield for me.

References

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^VanBik, Kenneth (2009),Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages (STEDT Monograph Series), volume 8,→ISBN
^Amanda Bohnert (2025), “The Lutuv (Lautu) Verbal Agreement System”, inIndiana Working Papers in South Asian Languages and Cultures‎^[1], volume 4, number 1

Malay

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈlu/ [ˈlu]
Rhymes:-u

Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromHokkien汝(lú).

Pronoun

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lu (Jawi spellingلو)

(Singapore, colloquial)you
Synonyms:kamu,engkau,kau,awak,anda,hang

Derived terms

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lu orang

Malay personal pronouns
	singular	plural
1^st person	standard	saya /ساي aku /اکو,ku- /كوـ (informal/towards God) -ku /ـكو (poetic possessive) hamba /همبا (dated) daku /داکو (poetic)	kami /کامي (exclusive) kita orang /كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita /کيت (inclusive)
royal	beta /بيتا
2^nd person	standard	kamu /کامو
engkau /اڠکاو,kau- /كاوـ (informal/poetic/towards God) kau /كاو (informal) awak /اوق (friendly/older towards younger) anda /اندا (formal) awda /اءودا (Brunei, formal) -mu /ـمو (poetic possessive) dikau /ديکاو (poetic)	anda semua /اندا سموا (formal) awak semua /اوق سموا kamu semua /كامو سموا kalian /کالين (archaic) kau orang /كاو اورڠ (informal)
royal	tuanku /توانكو
3^rd person	standard	dia /دي ia /اي beliau /بلياو (honorific) -nya /ـڽ (possessive)	mereka /مريک dia orang /دي اورڠ (informal)
royal	baginda /بݢيندا

Etymology 2

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Clipping ofdulu.

Adverb

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lu (Jawi spellingلو)

(colloquial)alternative form ofdulu
Aku geraklu.
I'm goingfirst.

Mandarin

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Romanization

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lu (lu⁵ /lu⁰,Zhuyin˙ㄌㄨ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of氌 /氇

nonstandard spelling oflū
nonstandard spelling oflú
nonstandard spelling oflǔ
nonstandard spelling oflù
nonstandard spelling oflǖ
nonstandard spelling oflǘ
nonstandard spelling oflǚ
nonstandard spelling oflǜ

Usage notes

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Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mizo

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*luu, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*qV-luʔ.

Noun

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head

Muong

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Etymology

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FromProto-Vietic*m-luː, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*bluuʔ.

A great number of Muong lects, as well as Vietnamese, had replaced this native etymology with Sinitic腿(tuǐ).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu¹/

Noun

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(Mường Bi)thigh
Synonym:tùi

Neapolitan

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/

Pronoun

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alternative form of'u

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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lu m

(dialectal)alternative form oflur(“lur, trumpet”)

References

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Ivar Aasen (1850), “Lu”, inOrdbog over det norske Folkesprog‎^[3] (in Danish), Oslo:Samlaget, published2000

Old French

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Alternative forms

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lou,leu

Etymology

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Reduced form ofLatinlupus.

Noun

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luoblique singular, m (oblique plurallus,nominative singularlus,nominative plurallu)

wolf

Sassarese

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Alternative forms

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l'(apocopic, before a vowel sound)
-llu(pronoun, enclitic)
-ru(pronoun, enclitic)

Etymology

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FromVulgar Latin*(il)lu, fromLatinillum, accusative ofille(“that”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/,(after a vowel)/ru/

Article

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lu m sg (pluralli,femininela)

the(masculine singular)

Usage notes

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Becomesl' before a vowel.

Inflection

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Sassarese definite articles
	singular	plural
masculine	lu (l')	li (l')
feminine	la (l')	li (l')

Pronoun

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lu m (pluralli,femininela)

(followed bychi)that
Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca èlu chi tu priferi?
There are lots of colors. Which one do you prefer?
(literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which one isthat which you prefer?”)
him(accusative)
Lu cunnosci? ―Do you knowhim?
it(accusative)
Abà tilu diggu ―Now I'll tell you (literally, “Now I tellit to you”)

References

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Rubattu, Antoninu (2006),Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes

Sicilian

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Etymology 1

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From the apheresis ofVulgar Latin*illu, fromLatinillum, fromille.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/(stressed)
IPA^(key): /lu/(unstressed)

Article

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lu m sg (fla,pluralli)

(masculine singular definite article)the
Synonym:u

Usage notes

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This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpartu. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopicl'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e:l'arancinu (liquid) andârancinu (illiquid).

Inflection

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Sicilian articles
		singular		plural
		masculine	feminine	plural
indefinite article		nu,un,'n	na	—
definite article	liquid	lu	la	li
definite article	illiquid	u,û	a,â	i,î

Etymology 2

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From the apheresis ofVulgar Latin*illu, fromLatinillum, fromille.

Alternative forms

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-lu(enclitic)
u(illiquid form)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /lu/(stressed)
IPA^(key): /lu/(unstressed)

Pronoun

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lu m sg (masculine and feminine pluralli,femininela)

(accusative)him
Synonym:u
Lu canusci? ―Do you knowhim?
(accusative)it,this orthat thing
Synonym:u
Quannu tilu desi. ―When I gaveit to you.

Usage notes

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This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopicl'.

Sumerian

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Romanization

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romanization of𒇻(lu)

Tocharian A

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Etymology

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FromProto-Tocharian*luwā-, fromProto-Indo-European*luh₂eh₂, fromProto-Indo-European*leh₂w-(“to seize, gain”). CompareTocharian Bluwo. Related toOld Church Slavonicловъ(lovŭ,“hunt”),Serbo-Croatianlȏv(“chase; game animal”); compare alsoAncient Greekλέων(léōn,“lion”).

Noun

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animal

Veps

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic*luu, fromProto-Uralic*luwe.

Noun

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bone

Inflection

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Inflection oflu (inflection type 13/ma)
nominative sing.	lu
genitive sing.	lun
partitive sing.	lud
partitive plur.	luid
	singular	plural
nominative	lu	lud
accusative	lun	lud
genitive	lun	luiden
partitive	lud	luid
essive-instructive	lun	luin
translative	luks	luikš

inessive	lus	luiš
elative	luspäi	luišpäi
illative	luhu	luihe

adessive	lul	luil
ablative	lulpäi	luilpäi
allative	lule	luile

abessive	luta	luita
comitative	lunke	luidenke
prolative	ludme	luidme

approximative I	lunno	luidenno
approximative II	lunnoks	luidennoks
egressive	lunnopäi	luidennopäi

terminative I	luhusai	luihesai
terminative II	lulesai	luilesai
terminative III	lussai	—

additive I	luhupäi	luihepäi
additive II	lulepäi	luilepäi

Derived terms

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References

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Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “кость”, inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika