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longer

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishlonger,longere, normalisation ofMiddle Englishlenger,lengere(longer), fromOld Englishlengra(longer), fromProto-Germanic*langizô(longer), comparative ofProto-Germanic*langaz(long), equivalent tolong +‎-er. Cognate withSaterland Frisianlaanger(longer),West Frisianlanger(longer),Dutchlanger(longer),Germanlänger(longer),Danishlængere(longer),Swedishlängre(longer),Icelandiclengri(longer).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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longer

  1. comparative form oflong: morelong

Adverb

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longer

  1. comparative form oflong: morelong
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Fromlong(yearn) +‎-er.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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longer (plurallongers)

  1. One wholongs oryearns for something.
    • 1887, Albert H[arris] Tolman,The Style of Anglo-Saxon Poetry[1], page15:
      The slayer also lay,
      The terrible earth-drake deprived of life,
      Oppressed by bale: the ring-hoardlonger
      The twisted worm, mightnot control.

Further reading

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French

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Etymology

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Fromlong +‎-er.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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longer

  1. to walk along, run along

Conjugation

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This is a regular-er verb, but the stem is writtenlonge- before endings that begin with-a- or-o- (to indicate that the-g- is a "soft"/ʒ/ and not a "hard"/ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in-ger, such asneiger andmanger.

Conjugation oflonger(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)
infinitivesimplelonger
compoundavoir + past participle
present participle orgerund1simplelongeant
/lɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/
compoundayant + past participle
past participlelongé
/lɔ̃.ʒe/
singularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeje (j’)tuil, elle, onnousvousils, elles
(simple
tenses)
presentlonge
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longes
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longeons
/lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/
longez
/lɔ̃.ʒe/
longent
/lɔ̃ʒ/
imperfectlongeais
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/
longeais
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/
longeait
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/
longions
/lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/
longiez
/lɔ̃.ʒje/
longeaient
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/
past historic2longeai
/lɔ̃.ʒe/
longeas
/lɔ̃.ʒa/
longea
/lɔ̃.ʒa/
longeâmes
/lɔ̃.ʒam/
longeâtes
/lɔ̃.ʒat/
longèrent
/lɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/
futurelongerai
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/
longeras
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/
longera
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/
longerons
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
longerez
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/
longeront
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditionallongerais
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
longerais
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
longerait
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
longerions
/lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/
longeriez
/lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/
longeraient
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)
present perfectpresent indicative ofavoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle
past anterior2past historic ofavoir + past participle
future perfectfuture ofavoir + past participle
conditional perfectconditional ofavoir + past participle
subjunctiveque je (j’)que tuqu’il, qu’elleque nousque vousqu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)
presentlonge
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longes
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longions
/lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/
longiez
/lɔ̃.ʒje/
longent
/lɔ̃ʒ/
imperfect2longeasse
/lɔ̃.ʒas/
longeasses
/lɔ̃.ʒas/
longeât
/lɔ̃.ʒa/
longeassions
/lɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/
longeassiez
/lɔ̃.ʒa.sje/
longeassent
/lɔ̃.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)
pastpresent subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
pluperfect2imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
imperativetunousvous
simplelonge
/lɔ̃ʒ/
longeons
/lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/
longez
/lɔ̃.ʒe/
compoundsimple imperative ofavoir + past participlesimple imperative ofavoir + past participlesimple imperative ofavoir + past participle
1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
past historic → present perfect
past anterior → pluperfect
imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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