FromMiddle Englishlonger,longere, normalisation ofMiddle Englishlenger,lengere(“longer”), fromOld Englishlengra(“longer”), fromProto-Germanic*langizô(“longer”), comparative ofProto-Germanic*langaz(“long”), equivalent tolong +-er. Cognate withSaterland Frisianlaanger(“longer”),West Frisianlanger(“longer”),Dutchlanger(“longer”),Germanlänger(“longer”),Danishlængere(“longer”),Swedishlängre(“longer”),Icelandiclengri(“longer”).
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longer
longer
longer (plurallongers)
longer
This is a regular-er verb, but the stem is writtenlonge- before endings that begin with-a- or-o- (to indicate that the-g- is a "soft"/ʒ/ and not a "hard"/ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in-ger, such asneiger andmanger.
| infinitive | simple | longer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | longeant /lɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | longé /lɔ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longes /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longeons /lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | longez /lɔ̃.ʒe/ | longent /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | longeais /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | longeais /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | longeait /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | longions /lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | longiez /lɔ̃.ʒje/ | longeaient /lɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | longeai /lɔ̃.ʒe/ | longeas /lɔ̃.ʒa/ | longea /lɔ̃.ʒa/ | longeâmes /lɔ̃.ʒam/ | longeâtes /lɔ̃.ʒat/ | longèrent /lɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | longerai /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | longeras /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | longera /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | longerons /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | longerez /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | longeront /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | longerais /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | longerais /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | longerait /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | longerions /lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | longeriez /lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ | longeraient /lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longes /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ | longions /lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | longiez /lɔ̃.ʒje/ | longent /lɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | longeasse /lɔ̃.ʒas/ | longeasses /lɔ̃.ʒas/ | longeât /lɔ̃.ʒa/ | longeassions /lɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | longeassiez /lɔ̃.ʒa.sje/ | longeassent /lɔ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | longe /lɔ̃ʒ/ | — | longeons /lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | longez /lɔ̃.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||