Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night, Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight: AndLo! the Hunter of the East has caught The Sultán's Turret in a Noose of light.
Emperor Ling went in state to the Hall of Virtue. As he drew near the throne, a rushing whirlwind arose in the corner of the hall and,lo! from the roof beams floated down a monstrous black serpent that coiled itself up on the very seat of majesty. The Emperor fell in a swoon.
1959,Anthony Burgess,Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published1972, page588:
"Tambi will be here in..." He computed carefully. "... in exactly twenty seconds." And,lo, Tambi appeared at that very moment.
2023 August 28, Samuel Wens, “Saramaccaners hebben naast Aboikoni nu ook Banai als granman [In addition to Aboikoni, Saramaccans now also have Banai as paramount chief]”, inDe Ware Tijd[5], retrieved6 January 2024:
Stefanus Poeketi, kapitein van Dawme en voorzitter van de ‘Twaalfoe Lo’, stelde dat de functie van granman niet uitsluitend door éénlo zal worden uitgeoefend. Hij kondigde aan dat notarieel vastgelegd zal worden dat het ‘granmanschap’ gaat rouleren onder de twaalflo’s van de Saramaccaanse stam.
Stefanus Poeketi, village chief of Dawme and chairman of the 'Twaalfoe Lo', stated that the position of paramount chief will not be held exclusively by oneclan. He announced that it will be notarially certified that the 'paramount chieftaincy' will rotate among the twelveclans of the Saramaccan tribe.
^Norval Smith (2009), “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken, N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, page469.
^Klaus Hamberger (2009), “Matrilinéarité et culte des aïeules chez les Éwé [Matrilinearity and Ancestress Cults among the Ewe]”, inJournal des africanistes[1], volume79, number 1, Paris:Société des africanistes,→ISSNInvalid ISSN, retrieved8 January 2024, pages241-279.
Thel- forms of article are compulsorily used after the prepositionpor and adverbu. It is optional when the preceding word ends in-r or-s, after unstressed pronounsnos,vos andlles (when they are enclitic) ofambos,entrambos,todos,tras and copulative conjunction (emais and tonic pronounsvós andnós followed by a numerical precision).
the form ofil that is used before the so-called impure consonants, that is, s+consonant (impure s), gn, pn, ps, x, y, or z, and before i+vocal; before a vowel it becomesl';the
Grammatically third person forms used semantically in the second person as a formal or polite way of addressing someone (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
6
Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
7
Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).
8
Traditional grammars still indicate the formsegli (animate),ello /ella (animate),esso /essa and their plurals as the nominative forms of the third person pronouns; outside of very formal or archaizing contexts, all such forms have been replaced by the obliqueslui,lei,loro.
9
Forms used when followed by a third-person direct object proclitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
10
Used after verbs.
11
Unstressed forms, stand alone forms are found proclitically (except dativeloro /Loro), others enclitically (-mi,-ti, etc.).
12
Disjunctive, emphatic oblique forms used as direct objects placed after verbs, in exclamations, along prepositions (prepositional) and some adverbs (come,quanto, etc.); also used witha to create alternative emphatic dative forms.
Rina, A. Dj.; Kabba, John Lado B. (2011), “lo”, inKamus Bahasa Lamboya, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat [Dictionary of Lamboya Language, West Sumba Regency], Waikabubak: Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata, Kabupaten Sumba Bakat, page60
Inherited fromOld Spanishlo(“the; him; it”). As a masculine pronoun, fromLatinillum, the accusative masculine singular ofille(“that, that one”). As an article or impersonal neuter pronoun, fromLatinillud, the neuter singular ofille. ComparePortugueseo.
1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel,Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur[6], Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita,→OCLC,page10:
Delantre de ti io mi orgolio abato I mi corasonlo razgo con kevranto¹)
I suppress my pride before you, and my heart tearsit with despair.
As a masculine pronoun, fromLatinillum, the accusative masculine singular ofille(“that, that one”). As an article or impersonal neuter pronoun, fromLatinillud, the neuter singular ofille. CompareOld Galician-Portugueseo.
Sant iuã euangeliſta fo de bethſaẏda. e p̃dico en aſia de pueslo fizo penar domiciarig[sic] el emꝑador de roma. mãdolo met̃ en una cuba dolio firuient.
Saint John [the] Evangelist was from Bethsaida, and he preached in Asia. And then Domitian the emperor of Rome hadhim condemned,[so] he ordered he be put into a vat of boiling oil.
Et ſi la muelen ⁊ traen los poluos della sobre uaſos o otra manera alguna de plata, o de metal, fazlo claro ⁊ muy fremoſo. ⁊ eſſo miſmo faz alas eſpadas ⁊ alos cuchielos,[sic] ⁊ demas aguza los.
And if they grind it and use the dust on cups or other silver or metalware, it makesit shiny and beautiful. And it does the same with swords and knives, and it also sharpens them.
Aplegos el Reẏ[…] diſçrael adacab Reẏ đ iħrɫm. e fueron en ſemble e dixo el Reẏ diſrɫ al Reẏ de iħrɫm uaẏamos aramot galaad q̃ es ẏ él Reẏ de ſyria elidiemos é prender loemos. e dixo ioſaphat el Reẏ de iħrɫm ẏo ire cõtigolo mẏo tuẏo eſ. el mio pueblo tuẏo es. emios cauallos tuẏos.
The king[…] of Israel approached Ahab, king of Jerusalem. And they came together, and the king of Israel said to the king of Jerusalem, “Let us go to Ramoth-Gilead, for the king of Syria is there, and let us fight and we will capture him.” And Jehoshaphat the king of Jerusalem said, “I will go with you. What is mine is yours. My people are yours, and my horses are yours.”
Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “lo”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN
Henrik Liljegren; Naseem Haider (2011), “lo”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[12], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN
Waldemar Wierzba (2013), “lo”, inSłownik Poznańskie słowa i ausdrucki (in Polish), 1st edition, Mierzyn: Albus,→ISBN, page132
Aleksander Saloni (1899), “lo”, in “Lud wiejski w okolicy Przeworska”, in M. Arct, E. Lubowski, editors,Wisła : miesięcznik gieograficzno-etnograficzny[13] (in Polish), volume13, Warsaw: Artur Gruszecki, page241
Barbara Podgórska; Adam Podgóski (2008), “lo”, inSłownik gwar śląskich [A dictionary of Silesian dialects] (in Polish), Katowice: Wydawnictwo KOS,→ISBN, page159
Inherited fromOld Spanishlo(“the; him; it”). As a masculine pronoun, fromLatinillum, the accusative masculine singular ofille(“that, that one”). As an article or impersonal neuter pronoun, fromLatinillud, the neuter singular ofille. ComparePortugueseo.
(no) hacerlo con, (no) haciéndolo con, hazlo con, no lo hagas con, (no) lo hago con, (no) hacer lo de, (no) haciendo lo de, haz lo de, no hagas lo de, (no) hago lo de, (no) estar haciéndolo con, (no) haberlo hecho con, (no) haber estado haciéndolo con, (no) haberlo estado haciendo con, (no) estar haciendo lo de, (no) haber hecho lo de, (no) haber estado haciendo lo de, (no) hacerlode nuevo, (no) hacerlode una vez por todas, etc.
(not) do it with, (not) doing it with, do it with...!, don't do it with...!, I (don't) do it with, (not) do the things of (someone/something e.g. "tomar/agarrar/coger lo del cajón" "to get/grab what's in the drawer" ("that which is of/the things of the drawer"), see the article sense) (not) doing the things of, do the things of...!, don't do the things of...!, I (don't) do the things of, (not) be doing it with, (not) have done it with, (not) have been doing it with, (not) have been doing it with (alternative word order), (not) be doing the things of, (not) have done the things of, (not) have been doing the things of, (not) do it again, (not) do it once and for all, etc.
In sentences withse lo orse la wherese is actuallyles (see etymology 2 ofse), speakers will often add -s tolo orla, mistakenly thinking thatlos andlas refer toplural indirect objects. This is probably becausese is the same whether it's equivalent tole orles.
Esta es Susana. Le di la llave. Sela di.
This is Susana. I gave her the key. I gaveit to her.
Esta es Susana. Le di las llaves. Selas di.
This is Susana. I gave her the keys. I gavethem to her.
Estas son mis amigas. Les di la llave. Selas di.(nonstandard)
These are my friends (feminine). I gave them the key. I gaveit to them. (Reanalyzed by speakers as "I gave itto them.")
Many speakers would add -s to thela independently of which object is pluralized, because they analyzelas as referring to the indirect object (friends) instead of the direct object (key) in instances where only the former is plural (the third example). In standard language, -s is only added when thedirect object becomes plural:
Estas son mis amigas. Les di la llave. Sela di.
These are my friends (feminine). I gave them the key. I gaveit to them.
Here it'sla and notlas because the direct object (key) is singular.
A nonstandard example withustedes would be:
Gracias por haber venido, de verdad selos agradezco.
Thank you all for coming, I really appreciateit.
where it should belo and notlos.
The phenomenon is much less likely to happen when the two objects have different genders, so something like:
Estos son Juan y Antonio. Les di la llave. Selas di.
These are Juan and Antonio. I gave them the key. I gaveit to them.
Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
Ifle orles precedeslo,la,los, orlas in a clause, it is replaced withse (e.g.se lo dije instead of*le lo dije).
Used primarily in Spain.
Only used in certain circumstances and rarely as a subject pronoun.
Haremoslo necesario. ―We will dothe necessary /what is necessary.
Lo blanco simboliza la pureza. ―The [colour] white symbolizes purity.
Lo asombroso es que... ―The amazing [thing] is that...
2024 October 20, EFE, “Nueva caravana migrante con miles de personas sale de la frontera sur de México hacia Estados Unidos”, inCNN en Español[14]:
Gilberto Herrero Mejía, otro migrante proveniente de Venezuela, denunció que en su país la situación es crítica y el dinero no alcanza para nada, pues en su caso, se dedicaba a manejar un autobús con un sueldo de 10 a 15 dólares,lo cual era insuficiente para poder sobrevivir.
Lo usually gives the adjective an abstract quality (as above). It can also refer to a thing, butel is more common in this case, e.g.el / lo blanco de los ojos(“the white of the eye”).Lo can never be used when the adjective refers back to a noun, e.g.el barco grande y el pequeño(“the big boat and the small one”).
^Norval Smith (2009), “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken, N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, page469.
^Klaus Hamberger (2009), “Matrilinéarité et culte des aïeules chez les Éwé [Matrilinearity and Ancestress Cults among the Ewe]”, inJournal des africanistes[2], volume79, number 1, Paris:Société des africanistes,→ISSN, retrieved8 January 2024, pages241-279.
Used at the end of a sentence to indicate a change of state or a new situation.
2016,Gij Baujcingq Moq Caeuq Geij Bonj Gij Baujcingq Daeuzdaeuz [The New Testament with A Few Books of the Old Testament], Hong Kong: New Bridge Publishing Company Limited,→ISBN, Lizsij dih Gaihcij[Genesis] 1:3:
Gajlaeng Cangqdiq naeuz: “Rongh!” Yiengq couh doq miz ronghlo.
And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
Used at the end of a sentence to express affirmation or conclusiveness.
