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liver

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Liver

English

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Sheep's liver
explainer video about the human liver

Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishlyvere,lyver, fromOld Englishlifer(“liver”), fromProto-West Germanic*libru, fromProto-Germanic*librō, fromProto-Indo-European*leyp-(“to smear, smudge, stick”), fromProto-Indo-European*ley-(“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate withSaterland FrisianLíeuwer,Lieuwer(“liver”),West Frisianlever(“liver”),Dutchlever(“liver”),GermanLeber(“liver”),Danish,Norwegian andSwedishlever(“liver”) (the last three fromOld Norselifr(“liver”)). Related tolive.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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liver (countable anduncountable,plurallivers)

  1. (anatomy) A largeorgan in the body that stores andmetabolizesnutrients, destroystoxins and producesbile. It is responsible for thousands ofbiochemicalreactions.
    Steve Jobs is a famousliver transplant recipient.
  2. (countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.
    I'd like some gooseliver pate.
    You could fry up some chickenlivers for a tasty treat. — Nah, I don't like chickenliver.
    • 1993, Philippa Gregory,Fallen Skies,→ISBN, page222:
      "I should think you've rocked the boat enough already by refusing to eatliver."
  3. A dark brown colour, tinted with red and gray, like the colour of liver.
    liver: 
  4. (obsolete chemistry) Any ofvariouschemicalcompounds—particularlysulfides—thought toresemble livers incolor.
    He gave his horse someliver of antimony.
Usage notes
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  • The noun is often used attributively to modify other words. Used in this way, it frequently means "concerning the liver", "intended for the liver" or "made of liver" .
Derived terms
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Translations
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organ of the body
organ as food
colour
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Adjective

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liver (notcomparable)

  1. Of the colour ofliver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).
    • 2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee,A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland,→ISBN, page298:
      His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies wasliver and white.
Translations
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colour

See also

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Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishlyvere,livere, equivalent tolive +‎-er.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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liver (plurallivers)

  1. (uncommon) Someone who lives (usually in a specified way).
    • 1603,Michel de Montaigne, chapter 31, inJohn Florio, transl.,The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes forEdward Blount […],→OCLC:
      Ephori ofSparta, hearing a dissoluteliver propose a very beneficial advise unto the people, commaunded him to hold his peace, and desired an honest man to assume the invention of it unto himselfe and to propound it.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton],The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 7:
      a wickedliver may be reclaimed, and prove an honest man […].
    • 1718,Mat[thew] Prior, “Solomon on the Vanity of the World. A Poem in Three Books.”, inPoems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], and John Barber […],→OCLC,(please specify the page):
      Try if life be worth theliver's care.
    • 1815 [1802],William Wordsworth,Resolution and Independence:
      […] a stately speech; / Such as graveLivers do in Scotland use, / Religious men, who give to God and Man their dues.
    • 2014, Walter Raubicheck, Anya Morlan,Christianity and the Detective Story, Cambridge Scholars Publishing,→ISBN:
      A great lover of the faith, a great defender of the faith, a great lover of life, greatliver of life, great defender of life. And yet he plotted and planned over fifty murders, and carried each of one them out—if only on paper, and if only for our pleasure.
    1. Someone who is alive: one of theliving.
      • 1592,Alb. Eng., Warner,VIII, xliii (1612), 206:
        When as the wandring Scots and Picthts King Marius had subdude, He gave theLiuers dwellings.
      • 1599, Greene,Alphonsus, Wks. (Rtldg.), page 234:
        Thou king of heaven, which […] Dost see the secret of eachlivers heart.
    2. Someone who lives in a particular place; an inhabitant, adweller.
      • 1677, Cary,Chronol., II, ii, III, xiv, 252:
        They must instantly have been detected by the presentLivers that were upon the place.
      • 1747,Col. Rec. Pennsylv.,V, 87:
        One, John Powle, aLiver on Sasquehanna River.
      • 1863, D. G. Mitchell,Sev. Stor., My Farm of Edgewood, section 289:
        There is noliver in the country so practical.
Derived terms
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Translations
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one who lives

Etymology 3

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Fromlive(adjective) +‎-(e)r.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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liver

  2. comparative form oflive: morelive
    Seeing things on a big screen somehow makes them seemliver.
    • 2001, Adam F featuring MOP, “Stand Clear”:
      […]manslaughter,liver than camcorder

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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Breton

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Noun

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liver m

  1. painter

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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liver

  1. Alternative form oflyvere(“liver”)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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liver

  1. Alternative form oflyvere(“living being”)

Etymology 3

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Verb

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liver

  1. Alternative form oflyveren

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Verb

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liver

  1. (non-standard since1917)present ofliva
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